{"id":107,"date":"2007-01-17T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-01-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-27T21:53:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T21:53:03","slug":"meyve-bahcesi-tesisi-107","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/meyve-bahcesi-tesisi-107","title":{"rendered":"Meyve Bah\u00e7esi Tesisi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bu dersimizde de bir meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurarken g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken \u015fartlar\u0131 ve fidan dikim i\u015flerini &ouml;\u011frenece\u011fiz.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 dikildikleri plantasyonlarda topra\u011f\u0131n t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fit &ouml;zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak &ccedil;ok uzun y\u0131llar muhafaza ederler. Kurulurken yap\u0131lacak hatalar, uzun y\u0131llar sonra ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan, kaybolacak &uuml;r&uuml;n hem &uuml;retici hem de milli ekonomi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ouml;nemlidir. Bu sebeple bir yerde meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurarken hataya d&uuml;\u015fmemek i&ccedil;in \u015fu hususlar\u0131 g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurmam\u0131z gerekir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A) Meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurulacak yerin se&ccedil;imi<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B) Meyve t&uuml;rlerinin d&ouml;llenme biyolojileri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C) Ekonomik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel \u015fartlar<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D) Fidanlar\u0131n dikim i\u015flemleri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E) Dikilecek &ccedil;e\u015fitler ve ana&ccedil;lara g&ouml;re dikim mesafeleri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A. MEYVE BAH&Ccedil;ES\u0130 KURULACAK YER\u0130N SE&Ccedil;\u0130M\u0130<br \/>\n Herhangi bir yere dikilen meyve fidan\u0131n\u0131n tutmas\u0131, geli\u015fmesi ve meyveye yatmas\u0131, her y\u0131l muntazam &uuml;r&uuml;n vermesi, &ccedil;e\u015fit &ouml;zelliklerini g&ouml;stermesi ve her y&ouml;n&uuml;yle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir meyvecilik yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in etkili temel fakt&ouml;rler;<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) \u0130klim,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Yer ve y&ouml;ney,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Toprakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meyve t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fitleri, iklim istekleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk&ccedil;a &ouml;nemli farklar g&ouml;sterirler. \u0130klim fakt&ouml;rlerine yeterince m&uuml;dahale yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in, yeti\u015ftirilecek meyve t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fitlerini o yerin iklim isteklerine g&ouml;re tespit etmek gerekir. Meyvecilikte dikkat edilecek iklim &ouml;zellikleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. \u0130lkbaharda meydana gelen ge&ccedil; donlar\u0131n tarihleri,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. K\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda meydana gelen en d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve s&uuml;releri,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Yaz aylar\u0131nda meydana gelen en y&uuml;ksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f toplam\u0131 ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n mevsimlere g&ouml;re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nem<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprakta Nem: Meyvenin \u015fekil, irilik, kalite ve rengi &uuml;zerine etkilidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Havada Nem: D&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k ise di\u015ficik tepesindeki s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kurumas\u0131na sebep olur ve polen tozlar\u0131 &ccedil;imlenemez. Ayr\u0131ca meyvelerde silkmeye sebep olur. Y&uuml;ksek nispi nem meyvelerde paslanmaya ve mantari hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015eekil 1. Bir ya\u015fl\u0131 meyve bah&ccedil;esi<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I\u015f\u0131k: Bitkilerin hayati faaliyetlerini devam ettirmeleri i&ccedil;in g&uuml;ne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunan b&uuml;t&uuml;n \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 gerekir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sis-Dolu-Tipi ve \u015eiddetli Karlar<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hakim R&uuml;zgarlar ve Korunma: R&uuml;zgarlar\u0131n bilhassa d&ouml;llenme ve topra\u011f\u0131n havalanmas\u0131 y&ouml;n&uuml;nden faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak r&uuml;zgar k\u0131ran tesislerinin etki derecesi, bu tesisin y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi ve hava ge&ccedil;irgenli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yer ve Y&ouml;ney<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yer: Bazen yerel iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 o derece b&uuml;y&uuml;k de\u011fi\u015fikliklere sebep olur ki, i&ccedil;inde bulunduklar\u0131 ana iklim b&ouml;lgesinde yeti\u015fmeyen meyve t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fitleri bu yerel iklimde normal olarak yeti\u015ftirilebilirler. Topografik bak\u0131mdan meyve bah&ccedil;esi tesisi i&ccedil;in en uygun yerler, etraftaki araziden k\u0131smen y&uuml;ksek ve hava drenaj\u0131 iyi olan yerlerdir. So\u011fuk hava yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in, b&ouml;yle yerlerde don tehlikesi &ccedil;ok azd\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak: Toprak meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n b&uuml;y&uuml;meleri, verimlilikleri, kalitesi ve depolama &ouml;zellikleri &uuml;zerine etkili olan bir fakt&ouml;rd&uuml;r. Genel olarak derin, nemli ve ge&ccedil;irgenli\u011fi iyi olan kolay i\u015flenebilir, humus&ccedil;a zengin olan topraklar en uygun bah&ccedil;e topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. Meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurarken &ouml;zellikleri y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &uuml;zerinde durulmas\u0131 gerekli hususlar \u015funlard\u0131r: <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Toprak tipleri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Toprak tipleri ve taban topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;zellikleri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Taban suyunun y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Toprak reaksiyonu (pH) ve tuzluluk<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Toprak yorgunlu\u011fu<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak Tipleri<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a. Kayal\u0131klar: Meyvecili\u011fe pek uygun de\u011fildir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b. Ta\u015fl\u0131 ve &ccedil;ak\u0131ll\u0131 topraklar: Fazla toprak ihtiva ediyorlarsa iyi sulama ve kuvvetli g&uuml;breleme ile meyvecilik yap\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c. Kumlu topraklar: Kolay i\u015flenebilir, su tutmayan topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. Tamamen kumdan ibaret olduklar\u0131 zaman meyvecili\u011fe yaramazlar.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d. Killi topraklar: \u0130yi drene edilen organik g&uuml;breleme ile meyvecilik yap\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e. Kire&ccedil;li topraklar: Killi topra\u011f\u0131n &ouml;zelliklerine &ccedil;ok benzer, kire&ccedil; oran\u0131na g&ouml;re farkl\u0131 meyveler yeti\u015ftirilebilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f. T\u0131nl\u0131 topraklar: Meyvecilikte en makbul topraklard\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; g. Humuslu topraklar: Kolay i\u015flenebilirler. Meyvecili\u011fe &ccedil;ok uygun topraklard\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak derinli\u011fi ve taban topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;zellikleri: Meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n k&ouml;kleri t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fit &ouml;zelli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1-8 m aras\u0131nda uzar. Ancak en az 1 m ayn\u0131 profile sahip toprak meyvecilik i&ccedil;in gereklidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Taban suyu y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi: Toprak y&uuml;zeyine yak\u0131n k&ouml;k yapan meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 i&ccedil;in 1 m, di\u011ferleri i&ccedil;in ise 2 m&rsquo;den daha yukar\u0131 &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131 istenmez.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak reaksiyonu ve tuzluluk: Toprak reaksiyonu pH ile g&ouml;sterilir. Meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 pH 6-8 aras\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131 ile yeti\u015ftirilirler. Tuzlar\u0131n toprakta y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131 tuzlula\u015fmaya sebep olur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak yorgunlu\u011fu: Uzun y\u0131llar ayn\u0131 bah&ccedil;ede bir tek meyve t&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n yeti\u015ftirilmesi sonucu, her t&uuml;rl&uuml; teknik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel \u015fartlar yerine getirilse de iyi geli\u015fmedikleri g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015eekil 2. Geli\u015fmekte olan bir bah&ccedil;e<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B. MEYVE T&Uuml;RLER\u0130N\u0130N D&Ouml;LLENME B\u0130YOLOJ\u0130LER\u0130<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bir&ccedil;ok meyve t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fidinde a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n &uuml;r&uuml;n verebilmeleri i&ccedil;in mutlaka yabanc\u0131 tozlanmaya ihtiya&ccedil; vard\u0131r. Meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 bol &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek a&ccedil;t\u0131klar\u0131 halde &ccedil;ok az meyve ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131, hatta hi&ccedil; meyve yapamad\u0131klar\u0131na dair \u015fikayetlere s\u0131k s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r. B&ouml;yle hallerde ilk akla gelecek husus iyi d&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit eksikli\u011fidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meyve t&uuml;rlerinden elma, armut, kiraz, erik, badem &ccedil;e\u015fitlerinde tozlanma problemi vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 hallerde f\u0131nd\u0131k, ceviz, kestane ve zeytinlerde de yabanc\u0131 d&ouml;llenme &uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml; artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Genel olarak ayva, kay\u0131s\u0131, \u015feftali (J.H. hale hari&ccedil;) ve nektarinler yabanc\u0131 tozlanmaya ihtiya&ccedil; duymazlar. Kendine k\u0131s\u0131r &ccedil;e\u015fitlerle meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurarken mutlaka d&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit dikmek gerekir. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit oran\u0131 genel olarak 1\/9 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit se&ccedil;erken dikkat edilecek hususlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. D&ouml;lleyici ve d&ouml;llenecek &ccedil;e\u015fit ayn\u0131 zamanda &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek a&ccedil;mal\u0131,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit bol miktarda &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek tozu meydana getirmeli,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek tozlar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;imlenme g&uuml;c&uuml; y&uuml;ksek olmal\u0131,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit ticari de\u011ferde olmal\u0131,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fit periyodisite g&ouml;stermemeli,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. D&ouml;lleyici &ccedil;e\u015fidin, d&ouml;llenecek &ccedil;e\u015fitle ayn\u0131 ya\u015fta &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 gerekir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. EKONOM\u0130K VE K&Uuml;LT&Uuml;REL \u015eARTLAR<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ekonomik \u015fartlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve pazar imkanlar\u0131 gelir. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma imkanlar\u0131 elveri\u015fli olamayan yerlerde bah&ccedil;e kurarken, kurutmal\u0131k ve i\u015flenebilir &ccedil;e\u015fitlerin se&ccedil;ilmesi gerekir. Pazara yak\u0131n yerlerde pazar isteklerine ve ekolojik \u015fartlara g&ouml;re her t&uuml;rl&uuml; meyve yeti\u015ftirilebilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel \u015fartlarda ise sulama imkanlar\u0131, g&uuml;bre ve i\u015f&ccedil;i temini, m&uuml;cadele ve depolama tekni\u011fini i&ccedil;erir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D. D\u0130K\u0130LECEK &Ccedil;E\u015e\u0130TLER VE ANA&Ccedil;LARA G&Ouml;RE D\u0130K\u0130M MESAFELER\u0130<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uygun bir meyve fidan\u0131nda (uygun bir ana&ccedil; &uuml;zerinde) aranan &ouml;zellikler \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. \u0130smine do\u011fru olmas\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Uygun ana&ccedil; &uuml;zerine a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Fidan bir ya\u015f\u0131nda olmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. &Ccedil;e\u015fidin ve anac\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi boyda ve kal\u0131nl\u0131kta olmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. G&ouml;vde d&uuml;zg&uuml;n ve pi\u015fkin, g&ouml;zler iyi te\u015fekk&uuml;l etmi\u015f olmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. A\u015f\u0131 yeri kapanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7. Bol sa&ccedil;ak k&ouml;kl&uuml; olmal\u0131 ve her y&ouml;ne da\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8. Hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lardan ari olmal\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E. F\u0130DANLARIN D\u0130K\u0130M \u0130\u015eLER\u0130<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Bah&ccedil;e yerlerinin dikime haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131: Meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurulacak yer yeni bir arazi, di\u011fer &uuml;r&uuml;nlerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi bir yer veya eski bir meyve bah&ccedil;esi olabilir. B&ouml;yle yerleri tek tek incelersek ne zaman meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlar\u0131z.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Fundal\u0131k arazide meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurmak: Bir y\u0131l s&uuml;r&uuml;lerek tarla ekilir. O y\u0131l meyvecilikte kullan\u0131lmaz.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Orman a&ccedil;malar\u0131: Meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurmak i&ccedil;in iki y\u0131l tarla bitkileri ekilir, &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nc&uuml; y\u0131l meyvecilikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Eski meyve bah&ccedil;eleri: En az 2 y\u0131l tarla bitkilerine ayr\u0131l\u0131r. T&uuml;r de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek meyvecilik yapmak faydal\u0131d\u0131r<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Batakl\u0131k ve turbalar: Kurutulan arazi iyi drene edilirse, iki y\u0131l tarla bitkilerinden sonra meyvecilik yap\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Tarla yerine meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurma: Toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. O y\u0131l meyvecilik yap\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;izelge 1. Kullan\u0131lacak ana&ccedil;lara g&ouml;re meyve fidanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama dikim aral\u0131klar\u0131 (m).<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"60%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Meyve t&uuml;r&uuml;<\/td>\n<td>Bodur ana&ccedil;<\/td>\n<td>Yar\u0131 bodur ana&ccedil;<\/td>\n<td>Kuvvetli ana&ccedil;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Elma<\/td>\n<td>1-3<\/td>\n<td>3-5<\/td>\n<td>6-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Armut<\/td>\n<td>1.5-4<\/td>\n<td>3-5<\/td>\n<td>6-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ayva<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>3-5<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Erik<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>2-3<\/td>\n<td>5-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u015eeftali<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>4-5<\/td>\n<td>5-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kay\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>4-5<\/td>\n<td>6-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kiraz<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>3-5<\/td>\n<td>6-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vi\u015fne<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>3-5<\/td>\n<td>5-6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Badem<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>4-5<\/td>\n<td>6-7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ceviz<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>8-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kestane<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>7-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zeytin<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<td>6-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Toprak tesviyesi: Sulama, toprak i\u015fleme, g&uuml;breleme, m&uuml;cadele ve hasat i\u015flemlerinin daha kolay yap\u0131labilmesi i&ccedil;in, tesviye edilmi\u015f bir bah&ccedil;eye ihtiya&ccedil; vard\u0131r. Tesviye edilecek yerin b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;\u011f&uuml; ve tesviye i\u015finin durumuna g&ouml;re bel, d&ouml;ner pulluk, tesviye b\u0131&ccedil;a\u011f\u0131 veya skrayper ile tesviye yap\u0131l\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece arazi istenilen \u015fekle sokulmu\u015f olur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Bah&ccedil;enin &ccedil;evrilmesi: Yeni dikilen fidanlar\u0131n hayvanlardan korumak, arazinin &ccedil;evresini belirlemek ve r&uuml;zgarlar\u0131n etkisini azaltmak i&ccedil;in arazi &ccedil;evirmesi yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ekonomik durum veya amaca g&ouml;re kullan\u0131lacak malzemeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Dikenli teller,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Ta\u015f duvarlar,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Kuru veya ye\u015fil &ccedil;itlerdir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) Dikim \u015fekilleri: D&uuml;z arazilerde genellikle kare, d&ouml;rtgen, satran&ccedil; ve &uuml;&ccedil;gen dikim uygulan\u0131r. Meyilli arazilerde teraslar\u0131n e\u011frilerine paralel \u015fekilde kontur dikim uygulan\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Belirli bir alana dikilecek fidan miktar\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dikim Alan\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kare ve d&ouml;rtgen \u015fekillerde: = Fidan Miktar\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131ra &Uuml;zeri x S\u0131ra Aras\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dikim Alan\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Uuml;&ccedil;gen \u015fekilde: = Fidan Miktar\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131ra &Uuml;zeri x S\u0131ra Aras\u0131<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e) Fidan yerlerinin i\u015faretlenmesi ve fidan &ccedil;ukurunun a&ccedil;\u0131lmas\u0131: Dikimden &ouml;nce fidanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fi yerler dikim kaz\u0131klar\u0131yla i\u015faretlenir. Bu ama&ccedil;la ilk olarak bir ip al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu ipin &uuml;zeri a\u011fa&ccedil;lara verilecek aral\u0131\u011fa g&ouml;re renkli bezlerle veya iplerle i\u015faretlenir. Bundan sonra ip bah&ccedil;enin &uuml;st kenar\u0131na d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bir \u015fekilde gerilir. Bu hat &ccedil;ekilirken, s\u0131ra aras\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar olmak &uuml;zere bah&ccedil;e s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan i&ccedil;eriye girilir. \u0130pteki i\u015faret yerlerinin toprak &uuml;zerine d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;kleri yerlere birer kaz\u0131k &ccedil;ak\u0131l\u0131r. Bundan sonra ip kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve daha &ouml;nce &ccedil;ekilen ipe tam dikey gelecek \u015fekilde tarlan\u0131n yan taraf\u0131na &ccedil;ekilir. Bu k\u0131s\u0131m da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015faretlenir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015eekil 3. Dikim tahtas\u0131 ile fidan dikimi<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Daha &ouml;nce i\u015flenmi\u015f ve kirizma edilmi\u015f topraklarda, dikimden bir hafta &ouml;nce veya hemen dikim s\u0131ras\u0131nda fidan &ccedil;ukurlar\u0131n\u0131 a&ccedil;mak gerekir. Fidan &ccedil;ukurlar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ikinci bir i\u015faretleme yapmamak i&ccedil;in, &ccedil;ukurlar a&ccedil;\u0131lmadan &ouml;nce dikim tahtas\u0131yla i\u015faretleme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dikim tahtas\u0131 1.5 metre uzunlukta, birbirinden e\u015fit aral\u0131kta, &uuml;&ccedil; kerti\u011fi olan bir tahta latad\u0131r. &Ccedil;ukur a&ccedil;\u0131lmazdan &ouml;nce bu latan\u0131n ortadaki kerti\u011fi daha &ouml;nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan i\u015faretlemede &ccedil;ak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan kaz\u0131\u011f\u0131n &uuml;zerine ge&ccedil;irilir. \u0130ki u&ccedil;ta kalan iki kerti\u011fe birer kaz\u0131k &ccedil;ak\u0131l\u0131r. Bundan sonra ortadaki kaz\u0131k &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131larak &ccedil;ukur a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131r. Dikim s\u0131ras\u0131nda dikim tahtas\u0131 ba\u015flardaki kaz\u0131klara g&ouml;re yerle\u015ftirilince, ortadaki kertik fidan\u0131n dikilece\u011fi yeri g&ouml;sterir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015eekil 4. S\u0131k dikilmi\u015f meyve bah&ccedil;esi<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fidan &ccedil;ukuru a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131rken &uuml;stten &ccedil;\u0131kan i\u015flenmi\u015f toprak &ccedil;ukurun bir yan\u0131na, alttan &ccedil;\u0131kan toprak ise kar\u015f\u0131 yan\u0131na konur. Fidan &ccedil;ukurlar\u0131 genellikle 50-70 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 50-70 cm derinli\u011finde a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131r. B&uuml;y&uuml;k kurulu\u015flarda &ccedil;ukur a&ccedil;ma giderlerini azaltmak i&ccedil;in, trakt&ouml;re monte edilen &ccedil;ukur a&ccedil;ma burgular\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f) Fidanlar\u0131n dikimi: Fidanlar dikilmeden evvel budan\u0131rlar. Buna dikim budamas\u0131 denir. Bu budama ile fidanlar\u0131n s&ouml;k&uuml;m s\u0131ras\u0131nda ezilen, kopan, yaralanan k&ouml;kleri kesilir. Birbirinin &uuml;zerine gelen k&ouml;kler &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Fidanda e\u011fer dallanma varsa mutedil iklimlerde dikimde, karasal iklimlerde (yazlar\u0131 s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 so\u011fuk ve kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 iklimler) g&ouml;zler \u015fi\u015fmeden yere bakan ikinci g&ouml;z &uuml;zerinden budan\u0131rlar. Bu, fidana ileriki devrelerde istenilen \u015fekli vermeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Fidan\u0131 yerine dikerken, dikim tahtas\u0131 daha &ouml;nce &ccedil;ak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan yan kaz\u0131klara oturtulur. B&ouml;ylece tahtan\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki oyuk fidan\u0131n yeri olur. Fidan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 yerinden 10 cm kadar yukar\u0131ya gelen k\u0131sm\u0131 oyu\u011fa &ccedil;ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak toprak doldurmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. &Ouml;nce &uuml;st toprak, sonra da alt toprak &ccedil;ukura doldurulur. Doldurma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonunda, tavsiye edilen dozda gerekli g&uuml;bre at\u0131l\u0131r, iyice s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve hemen sulama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; g) Fidanlar\u0131n dikim zaman\u0131: Genel olarak fidanlar Aral\u0131k&rsquo;tan Mart ay\u0131 sonuna kadar dikilebilirler. K\u0131\u015flar\u0131 &ccedil;ok sert ge&ccedil;meyen veya topra\u011f\u0131n karla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle topra\u011f\u0131n derinlerine kadar donmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde sonbahar dikimi yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lkbaharda yap\u0131lacak dikimler bilhassa ge&ccedil; kal\u0131n\u0131rsa &ccedil;ok tehlikelidir, fidanlar\u0131n tutma oran\u0131 d&uuml;\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p><!--GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n<p class=\"gs-author-note\">Bu yaz\u0131 <strong>Z\u0131raat Y. M\u00fchendisi Fahrettin Y\u0131lmaz<\/strong> kategorisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu dersimizde de bir meyve bah&ccedil;esi kurarken g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken \u015fartlar\u0131 ve fidan dikim i\u015flerini &ouml;\u011frenece\u011fiz. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 dikildikleri plantasyonlarda topra\u011f\u0131n t&uuml;r ve &ccedil;e\u015fit &ouml;zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak &ccedil;ok uzun y\u0131llar muhafaza ederler. Kurulurken yap\u0131lacak hatalar, uzun y\u0131llar sonra ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan, kaybolacak &uuml;r&uuml;n hem &uuml;retici hem de milli ekonomi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ouml;nemlidir. Bu sebeple bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":189620,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions\/189620"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}