{"id":151287,"date":"2015-10-07T07:42:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-07T07:42:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:57:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:57:57","slug":"gomlek-degistirme-ve-genclik-hormonu-etkili-insektisitler-151287","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/gomlek-degistirme-ve-genclik-hormonu-etkili-insektisitler-151287","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6mlek De\u011fi\u015ftirme ve Gen\u00e7lik Hormonu Etkili \u0130nsektisitler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">B&ouml;ceklerde i&ccedil; salg\u0131 bezleri salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 v&uuml;cut i&ccedil;ine salg\u0131lar, bu salg\u0131lara hormon ad\u0131 verilmektedir. B&ouml;ceklerdeki geli\u015fme, olgunla\u015fma ve metamorfoza gibi olaylar hormonlar taraf\u0131ndan d&uuml;zenlenmektedir. Corporo allata ad\u0131 verilen salg\u0131 bezi ise gen&ccedil;lik (j&uuml;venil) hormonu salg\u0131lar. Bu hormon, deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonu ile birlikte b&ouml;ceklerin geli\u015fme d&ouml;nemlerindeki faaliyetlerini d&uuml;zenler. Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu bir b&uuml;y&uuml;me hormonudur. Ergin d&ouml;nemde cinsel olgunlu\u011fu ve yumurta geli\u015fimini kontrol ederken, ergin &ouml;ncesi d&ouml;nemlerde ise larva ve pupa d&ouml;nemlerinin, belirli bir s\u0131rada olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu ile deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonlar\u0131ndan herhangi birinin zamans\u0131z veya yeterli d&uuml;zeyin alt\u0131nda veya &uuml;zerindeki miktarlarda salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerde geli\u015fmeyi durdurur veya anormal geli\u015fmeye sebep olur. Deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve gen&ccedil;lik hormonu &ouml;zellikle her g&ouml;mlek de\u011fi\u015ftirme esnas\u0131nda epidermis taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen yeni kutikulan\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda etkilidirler. B&ouml;ceklerde, larva ve nimf d&ouml;nemleri bitinceye kadar bu hormonlar\u0131n salg\u0131s\u0131 devam eder.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve gen&ccedil;lik hormonun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan zamans\u0131z verilmesi suretiyle, b&ouml;ceklerde geli\u015fme d&uuml;zenini bozmak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Bunun i&ccedil;in sentetik olarak deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve gen&ccedil;lik hormonlar\u0131 elde edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, b&ouml;ceklerin embriyo geli\u015fme d&uuml;zenini, ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m d&uuml;zenini ve bir geli\u015fme d&ouml;neminden di\u011fer geli\u015fme d&ouml;nemine ge&ccedil;i\u015f d&uuml;zenini bozarak etkili olan bile\u015fiklerdir. Geli\u015fme d&uuml;zenlerini bozmak, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g&ouml;mlek de\u011fi\u015ftirmemelerini sa\u011flay\u0131p, zararlar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bile\u015fiklerde etkili dozlar olduk&ccedil;a d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kt&uuml;r ve t&uuml;rlere g&ouml;re de de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu etkili baz\u0131 insektisitlerin aktif maddelerinin isimleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r. Fenoxcarb, Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene, Pyriproxyfen ve Diofenolan&rsquo;d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analoglar\u0131n\u0131n afitlere kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu, kanatl\u0131 ve yavru verme yetene\u011findeki bireylerin geli\u015fmesinin &ouml;nlendi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131, Lepidoptera t\u0131rt\u0131llar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve<\/span><strong><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu&ccedil;lar elde edilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Adoxophyes orana <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\">(Fischer v. Roslerstamm)<\/span><strong> <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">isimli yaprak b&uuml;ken t&uuml;r&uuml;ne kar\u015f\u0131 Fenoxycarb isimli gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analo\u011fu elma bah&ccedil;elerinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve etkili sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analoglar\u0131 &ccedil;evreyi en iyi \u015fekilde koruyan ila&ccedil;lar olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu sebeple, s\u0131cakkanl\u0131lara gerek direkt etki ve gerekse kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 sebebiyle herhangi bir ciddi zararlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Fenoxycarb, &uuml;zerinde yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu aktif maddenin bal\u0131klara, ku\u015flara, balar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n erginlerine ve memelilere d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k toksik etkiye sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. A\u011f\u0131zdan LD<\/span><sub><span style=\"font-size: small;\">50<\/span><\/sub><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> de\u011ferinin 10 g\/kg, deriden ise 2 g\/kg oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat bunlarla ilgili baz\u0131 teredd&uuml;tler tamam\u0131yla a&ccedil;\u0131klanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Balar\u0131lar\u0131na, parazitoit ve predat&ouml;r b&ouml;ceklere etkilerinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu &uuml;zerinde fazla &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, &uuml;lkemizde yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Chrysoperla carnea <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;\">(Stephens) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">&uuml;zerinde olumsuz etkilerinin bulundu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analoglar\u0131, farkl\u0131 b&ouml;cek tak\u0131mlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir&ccedil;ok zararl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 denenmi\u015f ve olumlu sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Ouml;zellikle, yaprak bitleri, lepidopter larvalar\u0131 ile baz\u0131 coleopterlerden olduk&ccedil;a iyi sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda ise baz\u0131 depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 preparatlar\u0131 ruhsatland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fenoxcarb, depolanm\u0131\u015f bu\u011fday ve pirin&ccedil; zararl\u0131s\u0131 bir&ccedil;ok Coleoptera ve Lepidoptera t&uuml;rlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve olduk&ccedil;a ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine, Fenoxycarb&rsquo;\u0131n Logic preparat\u0131 ate\u015f kar\u0131ncalar\u0131, Torus sinek ve hamam b&ouml;cekleri, Pictyl ise sivrisinek larvalar\u0131n\u0131n m&uuml;cadesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Pyriproxyfen&rsquo;in sivri sinek t&uuml;rleri, coccid, diaspid, <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Musca domestica<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> L., <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Musca autumnalis <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;\">De Geer<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">, <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Bemisia tabaci<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> (Gennadius), <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trialeurodes vaporariorum<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> (Westwood), <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Myzus persicae<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> (Sulzer) ve <\/span><strong><em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">Cacop<\/span><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;\">ysilla pyricola <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">(Foerster)&rsquo;ya etkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Methoprene, &ouml;zellikle son d&ouml;nem larvalarda anormalliklere sebep olmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak larva ve pupa d&ouml;nemine ge&ccedil;ememektedir. Yani, b&ouml;ce\u011fin geli\u015fme d&uuml;zenini bozarak etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Erginlere ise &ouml;ld&uuml;r&uuml;c&uuml; etkisi yoktur. Ancak, &uuml;remesini engelledi\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Bu aktif madde depolarda kuru t&uuml;t&uuml;nlerdeki zararl\u0131 coleopter ve lepidopterlere kar\u015f\u0131 da &ouml;nerilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Diofenolan en son geli\u015ftirilen gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analogudur. Lepidoptera tak\u0131m\u0131na ait bir&ccedil;ok meyve ve turun&ccedil;gil zararl\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olduk&ccedil;a iyi etki g&ouml;sterdi\u011fi bildirilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analoglar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 t&uuml;rlerde dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/span><strong><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; tespit edilmi\u015ftir. &Ouml;rne\u011fin,<\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Bemicia tabaci <\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">(Gennadius) (Beyazsinek)&rsquo;de pyriproxyfen&rsquo;e, <\/span><strong><em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Drosophila melanogaster<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Meigen&rsquo;de methoprene&rsquo;ye kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, gen&ccedil;lik hormonu analoglar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f spektrumlu olmalar\u0131, baz\u0131 zararl\u0131larda bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015fmesi ve yava\u015f toksitite g&ouml;stermeleri bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">G&ouml;mlek de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonunun antogonistleri ilk defa 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda sentetik olarak Rohm and Haas \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan sentezlenmi\u015ftir. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera ve Diptera tak\u0131mlar\u0131na ait zararl\u0131lar\u0131n larvalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etkilidirler. Memelilere, ku\u015flara, bal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k toksitite g&ouml;sterdikleri ve &ccedil;evre koruyucu olduklar\u0131 kaydedilmektedir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">G&ouml;mlek de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonu etkili baz\u0131 insektisitlerin aktif maddeleri isimleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r. RH-5849, Tebufenozide (RH-5992), Halofenozide (RH-0345) ve Methoxyfenozide (RH-2485). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">Tebufenozide, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya sunulmu\u015ftur. Sadece, Lepidoptera larvalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 etkili ve selektif bir insektisit oldu\u011fu, bu sebeple entegre m&uuml;cadele programlar\u0131nda bu insektisite geni\u015f yer verildi\u011fi bildirilmektedir. Halofenozide&rsquo;nin b&uuml;t&uuml;n zararl\u0131lar\u0131n m&uuml;cadelesinde etkili oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Methoxyfenozide ise 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya sunulmu\u015ftur. M\u0131s\u0131r ve pamuktaki lepidopter zararl\u0131lar\u0131na ve di\u011fer &ouml;nemli baz\u0131 zararl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 etkili ve yararl\u0131 b&ouml;cekler i&ccedil;in olduk&ccedil;a g&uuml;venli bir insektisit oldu\u011fu kaydedilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"mso-ansi-language: TR;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; Prof.Dr. Erol YILDIRIM&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n<p class=\"gs-author-note\">Bu yaz\u0131 <strong>Prof.Dr. Erol YILDIRIM<\/strong> kategorisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; B&ouml;ceklerde i&ccedil; salg\u0131 bezleri salg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 v&uuml;cut i&ccedil;ine salg\u0131lar, bu salg\u0131lara hormon ad\u0131 verilmektedir. B&ouml;ceklerdeki geli\u015fme, olgunla\u015fma ve metamorfoza gibi olaylar hormonlar taraf\u0131ndan d&uuml;zenlenmektedir. Corporo allata ad\u0131 verilen salg\u0131 bezi ise gen&ccedil;lik (j&uuml;venil) hormonu salg\u0131lar. Bu hormon, deri de\u011fi\u015ftirme hormonu ile birlikte b&ouml;ceklerin geli\u015fme d&ouml;nemlerindeki faaliyetlerini d&uuml;zenler. Gen&ccedil;lik hormonu bir b&uuml;y&uuml;me hormonudur. Ergin d&ouml;nemde cinsel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-151287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=151287"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170415,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/151287\/revisions\/170415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=151287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=151287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=151287"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=151287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}