B\u00f6lgesel kayd\u0131rma: k\u0131y\u0131 ku\u015faklar\u0131nda i\u015fler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman 0 ila 2 hafta erken<\/strong>, i\u00e7 ve y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mda 2 ila 6 hafta ge\u00e7<\/strong> y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Takvim, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve malzeme plan\u0131n\u0131 kurar; uygulama karar\u0131 her zaman toprak tav\u0131 + bitki fenolojisi + hava penceresi<\/strong> ile verilir.<\/p>\n Depolama ve sulama gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klarda kullan\u0131lan e\u015fik de\u011ferler \u00fcr\u00fcn\/iklim\/depo tipine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilse de, g\u00fcvenli depolamada dane nemi ve dane s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> birlikte y\u00f6netilmelidir. FAO tah\u0131l depolama yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda %70 ba\u011f\u0131l nem ve 27 \u00b0C ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu\u011fdayda denge nemi yakla\u015f\u0131k %13,5<\/strong> d\u00fczeyindedir; uzun s\u00fcreli depolama hedefleri bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kurgulan\u0131r. FAOHome<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span> \u0130lkbahar ekimi planlanan alanlarda sonbahardan kalan tava i\u015fleme<\/strong> eksikleri tamamlan\u0131r; a\u011f\u0131r toprakta tav ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015fsa derin s\u00fcr\u00fcm ertelenir, y\u00fczey d\u00fczeltme tercih edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Y\u00fczey drenaj\u0131<\/strong> (a\u00e7ma\/\u015fev verme) ile su birikimi ve taban suyu y\u00fckselmesinin karde\u015flenme ve k\u00f6klenmeyi bozmas\u0131 engellenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Taban g\u00fcbre verilmeyen parsellerde toprak analizine g\u00f6re<\/strong> ekim \u00f6ncesi besleme plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r; pH\u2013kire\u00e7\u2013tuzluluk g\u00f6r\u00fclmeden \u201cklasik doz\u201d kullan\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ye\u015fil g\u00fcbre i\u00e7in baklagil ekimi yap\u0131lacaksa ekim yata\u011f\u0131 ince tavl\u0131<\/strong> haz\u0131rlan\u0131r; \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015ftan sonra yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131 izlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Don\u2013\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclen alanlarda y\u00fczey kabarmas\u0131<\/strong> olu\u015fuyorsa, bitki k\u00f6k\u00fcn\u00fc koparmayacak \u015fekilde y\u00fczey hafif bast\u0131rma\/tesviye yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ambar ve depolarda: parti bazl\u0131 etiketleme (\u00fcr\u00fcn\u2013tarih\u2013parsel), havaland\u0131rma kanallar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131, giri\u015f noktalar\u0131nda fiziksel bariyer (sineklik\/\u0131zgara) kurulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda \u00f6rnekleme ile dane nemi<\/strong> kontrol edilir; y\u00fcksek nemli parti ayr\u0131 tutulur ve \u00f6nceliklendirilir. FAOHome<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tohumluk ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa \u00e7imlenme g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in basit \u00e7imlendirme testi<\/strong> (nemli bez\/ka\u011f\u0131t) yap\u0131l\u0131r; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sonu\u00e7ta ekim normu revize edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Yeni bah\u00e7e kurulacak alanlarda dikim plan\u0131<\/strong> (s\u0131ra aras\u0131, s\u0131ra \u00fczeri, y\u00f6n, hakim r\u00fczg\u00e2r) netle\u015ftirilir; terbiye sistemi (herek\u2013telli) malzemesi \u015fimdiden listelenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde fidan dikimi: k\u00f6kler kurutulmadan dikim; dikim sonras\u0131 cansuyu<\/strong> ve k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n toprakla kapanmamas\u0131 kontrol\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Budamada hedef: k\u0131r\u0131k\u2013hasta dal temizli\u011fi, ta\u00e7ta \u0131\u015f\u0131k\u2013hava dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131; kesim y\u00fczeyi<\/strong> d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve eziksiz olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Turun\u00e7gil ve zeytinde budama yap\u0131l\u0131rken, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 seyreltmeye gidilmez; \u00f6nce \u00fcretim hedefi ve a\u011fa\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n A\u015f\u0131 kalemleri se\u00e7ilir; \u00e7e\u015fidi kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in partiler ayr\u0131l\u0131r; uygun saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131nda canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak \u015fekilde muhafaza edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hasad\u0131 s\u00fcren \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde (\u00f6zellikle turun\u00e7gil): s\u0131n\u0131flama\u2013ambalaj, depo s\u0131cakl\u0131k\/nem dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131; depoda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilecek zedeli meyveler ay\u0131klan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Bah\u00e7ede kemirgen zarar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6vde koruyucu \u00f6nlemler planlan\u0131r (b\u00f6lgesel sorun varsa).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Serada k\u0131\u015f \u00fcretiminde yo\u011fu\u015fma y\u00f6netimi<\/strong> kritik: sabah k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli havaland\u0131rma ile yaprak \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresi k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Is\u0131 y\u00f6netimi: gece\u2013g\u00fcnd\u00fcz fark\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyorsa, bitki strese girer; havaland\u0131rma + sulama zamanlamas\u0131 dengelenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Viyol\/s\u0131cak yast\u0131k haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda: har\u00e7 ve kaplar temizlenir; fide d\u00f6neminde k\u00f6k \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131ran a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sulamadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n A\u00e7\u0131k alanda ge\u00e7 kalan toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamlan\u0131r; organik madde uygulamas\u0131 planlan\u0131rken tuzluluk<\/strong> riski olan g\u00fcbre\/kompost kaynaklar\u0131 elenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n K\u0131\u015f sebzelerinde hasat: pazar sevki \u00f6ncesi h\u0131zl\u0131 ay\u0131klama ve so\u011futma; depoda hava sirk\u00fclasyonu ve kasa istif plan\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde bo\u011faz a\u00e7ma ve dip temizli\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131r; k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131nda su tutan \u00e7anakla\u015fma d\u00fczeltilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Yeni ba\u011f kurulacaksa: tel\u2013direk\u2013ankraj hesaplar\u0131 ve malzeme tedariki yap\u0131l\u0131r; terbiye sistemi se\u00e7imi (kordon\/goble vb.) arazi ve \u00e7e\u015fide g\u00f6re netle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depodaki \u00fcz\u00fcmlerde so\u011fuk zincir: s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmas\u0131 ve hava ak\u0131m\u0131 kontrol edilir; \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme odaklar\u0131 hemen uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Ah\u0131rda altl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi<\/strong>: \u0131slak altl\u0131k amonyak y\u00fckseltir; g\u00fcnl\u00fck noktasal temizlik + d\u00fczenli serme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Cereyan olmadan havaland\u0131rma sa\u011flan\u0131r; amonyak y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi solunum yolu sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. (\u0130l m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri tar\u0131m takvimlerinde bar\u0131nak hijyeni ve cereyans\u0131z bar\u0131nak vurgusu yer al\u0131r.) mus.tarimorman.gov.tr<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Do\u011fum b\u00f6lmesi haz\u0131rlan\u0131r; buza\u011f\u0131\/kuzu i\u00e7in kuru, kaymaz zemin ve kolay temizlenebilir d\u00fczen sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Rasyon plan\u0131: kaba yem kalitesi (silaj kokusu, k\u00fcf riski), mineral\u2013vitamin dengesi ve s\u00fcrekli temiz su eri\u015fimi kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da: k\u00fcmes havaland\u0131rmas\u0131, altl\u0131k nemi ve amonyak y\u00f6netimi; ekipman (suluk\u2013yemlik) temizlik periyodu belirlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kulu\u00e7ka yap\u0131lacaksa dam\u0131zl\u0131k yumurta se\u00e7imi ve depolama ko\u015fullar\u0131 planlan\u0131r; s\u00fcr\u00fc kay\u0131tlar\u0131 (\u00f6l\u00fcm, yumurta verimi, yem t\u00fcketimi) d\u00fczenlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n U\u00e7u\u015f deli\u011fi temiz tutulur; kovan \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fc ar\u0131 birikimi ve giri\u015f t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kovan i\u00e7i nem k\u0131\u015f kay\u0131plar\u0131nda belirleyicidir; kapat\u0131p \u201cbo\u011fma\u201d yerine kontroll\u00fc havaland\u0131rma hedeflenir. bayburt.tarimorman.gov.tr<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n Stok kontrol\u00fc: kovan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve koloni g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilir; yetersiz stokta destekleme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 koloni d\u00fczenini bozmadan uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hastal\u0131k \u015f\u00fcphesinde uygulama rastgele yap\u0131lmaz; ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k kurum yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda hastal\u0131k tespitinde uzman y\u00f6nlendirmesi vurgulan\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u0130lkbahar ekimleri i\u00e7in toprak i\u015flemesi: kaymak k\u0131rma (t\u0131rm\u0131k\/kazaya\u011f\u0131) ile y\u00fczey havalan\u0131r, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f suyunun infiltrasyonu artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kesekli y\u00fczeyde a\u011f\u0131r ekipmanla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 i\u015flem yap\u0131lmaz; toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulmadan y\u00fczey d\u00fczeltme hedeflenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde arpa, yulaf, bezelye, bakla ekimleri s\u00fcrer; ekim derinli\u011fi toprak tav\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sulanabilir alanlarda can suyu: toprak nemi uygunsa verilir; so\u011fukta a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sulama k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesini havas\u0131z b\u0131rakabilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tohumluk ay\u0131rma\u2013temizleme, depoda zararl\u0131 izleme; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7imlenme riskine kar\u015f\u0131 ekim normu revizyonu.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Fidan dikimi bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede devam eder; k\u00f6k\u2013toprak temas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in dikim \u00e7ukuru iyi bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, fakat k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fclmez.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Budama ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131: kesim aletleri temizlenir; bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan di\u011ferine hastal\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131mamak i\u00e7in hijyen sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n K\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemi m\u00fccadelede esas, izleme ve do\u011fru zamanlama<\/strong>d\u0131r; fenolojiye uymayan uygulamalar fayda yerine zarar do\u011furur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Turun\u00e7gil hasad\u0131 ve depo y\u00f6netimi: s\u0131cakl\u0131k\/nem dalgalanmas\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r, zedeli meyveler ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Serada turfanda hasatlar ba\u015flayabilir; hasatta \u00fcr\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6lgede bekletme ve h\u0131zl\u0131 sevk planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Viollerde ekim ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131: fide s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131r\u0131r; s\u0131ra aras\u0131 hava dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 korunur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Yazl\u0131k sebzeler i\u00e7in erken toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan yerlerde, taban ta\u015f\u0131\/sert tabaka varsa derin i\u015flem planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Serada sulama\u2013\u00e7apalama\u2013seyreltme; \u00f6zellikle nemli ko\u015fullarda yaprak \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcresi k\u0131salt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Krizma ve organik madde uygulamas\u0131 uygun toprakta yap\u0131l\u0131r; a\u011f\u0131r ve \u0131slak toprakta derin i\u015flem topra\u011f\u0131 bozar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00c7elik\/fidan dikimi ve budamaya ba\u015flama: don riski y\u00fcksek alanlarda budama geciktirilebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n G\u00f6zler uyanmadan \u00f6nce k\u0131\u015f sonu bak\u0131m: omca \u00e7evresi temizlenir, terbiye telleri ve direkler kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Do\u011fum d\u00f6nemi: kolostrumun zaman\u0131nda verilmesi, yavrunun \u0131s\u0131 kaybetmemesi, altl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuru tutulmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Meraya erken \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f varsa adaptasyon: ani ye\u015fil ot \u015fi\u015fkinlik ve ishal riskini art\u0131r\u0131r; ge\u00e7i\u015f kademeli yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da kulu\u00e7ka haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yem\u2013su hijyeni; s\u00fcr\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k plan\u0131 ve kay\u0131t d\u00fczeni.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde ilk u\u00e7u\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; kovan giri\u015flerinin a\u00e7\u0131k tutulmas\u0131 ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczen \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n So\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde nem kontrol\u00fc s\u00fcrer; stok yetersizse destekleme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0130lkbahar \u00f6ncesi varroa izleme plan\u0131 kurulur; kurum yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda sonbaharda ar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131rken varroa y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artabildi\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Toprak i\u015flemesi + g\u00fcbreleme: kaymak k\u0131rma ile havalanma ve karde\u015flenme desteklenir; \u00f6zellikle g\u00fczl\u00fck hububatta \u00fcst g\u00fcbre plan\u0131 geli\u015fim durumuna g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Yazl\u0131k hububat ve yem bitkileri ekimleri; ekim derinli\u011fi ve tohum yata\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak tav\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Drenaj kontrol\u00fc: taban suyu y\u00fcksek alanlarda fazla su uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi havas\u0131z kal\u0131rsa verim d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Yabanc\u0131 ot ve hastal\u0131k izlemesi: erken m\u00fcdahale, sezon boyu maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; m\u00fccadelede e\u015fik de\u011fer yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Toplu bah\u00e7e tesislerinde s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u2013g\u00fcbreleme; dikim devam eden alanlarda can suyu, herek ve ba\u011flama d\u00fczeni tamamlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Budama + a\u015f\u0131: s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olgunlu\u011fu ve hava penceresine g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr; yeni bah\u00e7ede mal\u00e7\/toprak nemi y\u00f6netimi planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme yakla\u015f\u0131rken don riski: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kot ve \u00e7ukur alanlarda risk y\u00fcksektir; r\u00fczg\u00e2r ak\u0131m\u0131 ve so\u011fuk hava birikimi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zararl\u0131 izleme: erken uyar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6zlem, sar\u0131 yap\u0131\u015fkan tuzak gibi biyoteknik y\u00f6ntemler (\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re) devreye al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Serada domates\u2013h\u0131yar gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde hasat ve bak\u0131m; besleme program\u0131 d\u00fczenli kayda ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Fidelerde \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtma ve aktar\u0131m haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131; k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 bo\u011facak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derin dikimden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n A\u00e7\u0131k alanda tava\u2013masura d\u00fczeni; sulama y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re (kar\u0131k\/damla) yatak formu belirlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Fidelerde can suyu; erken d\u00f6nemde \u00e7apalama ve yabanc\u0131 ot kontrol\u00fc, bitki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken daha etkilidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Toprak i\u015flemesi ve g\u00fcbreleme; \u00e7elik dikimleri s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Don riski olan alanlarda budama geciktirilir; erken budama erken uyanmay\u0131 tetikleyebilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n G\u00f6z patlamas\u0131 \u00f6ncesi omca sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol\u00fc; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ba\u011flama i\u00e7in tel gerginli\u011fi ve direk sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Meraya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f artar: adaptasyon + parazit risk plan\u0131 birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Do\u011fum sonras\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fc takibi: meme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yavru b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve ishal\/solunum bulgular\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck izlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mera \u0131slah\u0131nda rotasyon: a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma \u00f6nlenir; dinlenme periyotlar\u0131 planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da k\u00fcmes g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kemirgen kontrol\u00fc, hijyen; b\u00fcy\u00fctme d\u00f6neminde yem de\u011fi\u015fimleri kademeli yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Kovan i\u00e7i temizlik, \u00e7er\u00e7eve\u2013petek yenileme; k\u00fcfl\u00fc ve k\u0131r\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7eveler ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Koloni g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme: yavru alan\u0131 ve stok dengesi izlenir; ana ar\u0131 performans\u0131 kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Bahar ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesi ekipman (kat, \u00e7er\u00e7eve, s\u0131r alma malzemesi) haz\u0131r tutulur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Yazl\u0131k ekimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc: ekim yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekim, taban g\u00fcbreleme; mibzer kalibrasyonu ile tohum israf\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kaymak ba\u011flayan alanlarda y\u00fczey k\u0131rma; erken d\u00f6nem \u00e7apa plan\u0131, ilk yabanc\u0131 ot dalgas\u0131n\u0131 hedefler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Seyreltme\/tekleme: bitki aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedef pop\u00fclasyona g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenir; s\u0131k bitki hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Entegre m\u00fccadele: izleme + k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6nlem + gerekti\u011finde m\u00fcdahale; rastgele uygulama diren\u00e7 riskini b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Sulama altyap\u0131s\u0131 (hat, filtre, damlat\u0131c\u0131) sezon \u00f6ncesi kontrol edilir; t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar giderilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Budama son kontrolleri ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u00f6nlendirme; ta\u00e7 i\u00e7inde g\u00f6lgelenme azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00c7i\u00e7ek d\u00f6neminde tozla\u015fma korunur; m\u00fcdahaleler fenolojiye g\u00f6re planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Meyve tutumu sonras\u0131 besleme: \u00f6zellikle azotun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn patlat\u0131p kaliteyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir; denge esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Fidelerin tarlaya aktar\u0131m\u0131; dikim sonras\u0131 can suyu ve ilk hafta stres y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mal\u00e7\/\u00f6rt\u00fc uygulamalar\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 ot ve buharla\u015fma kontrol\u00fc; damla sulamada su verimlili\u011fi artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Herekleme\/ba\u011flama sistemleri erkenden kurulur; ge\u00e7 kal\u0131n\u0131rsa bitki k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sera ve a\u00e7\u0131k alanda hastal\u0131k riskine kar\u015f\u0131 sulama\u2013havaland\u0131rma dengesi; \u00f6zellikle sabah havaland\u0131rmas\u0131 yaprak \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u0130lkbahar toprak i\u015flemesi ve bo\u011faz a\u00e7ma; g\u00fcbreleme plan\u0131 toprak analiziyle uyumlu y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Omcalar\u0131n tellere al\u0131nmas\u0131; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak ba\u011flama y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mildiy\u00f6\u2013k\u00fclleme riskleri nemli b\u00f6lgelerde artar; asma i\u00e7i hava dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ye\u015fil aksam y\u00f6netimi ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Meraya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r; rasyon mera kalitesine g\u00f6re revize edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n A\u015f\u0131lama ve parazit programlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel resmi takvim ve veteriner hekim plan\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcrer; civciv d\u00f6neminde \u0131s\u0131\u2013hava kalitesi\u2013altl\u0131k kuru tutulmas\u0131 verim belirleyicidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Koloni b\u00f6lme\/ana yenileme plan\u0131; b\u00f6lme sadece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kolonilerde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zay\u0131f koloniler takviye edilir; ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 kovan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Varroa izleme s\u00fcrer; uygulama karar\u0131 izleme verisine dayand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Pamuk, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, m\u0131s\u0131r, baklagil\/ya\u011f bitkisi ekimleri; toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tav ekim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sulama\u2013\u00e7apalama\u2013bo\u011faz doldurma\u2013seyreltme; erken d\u00f6nemde d\u00fczg\u00fcn s\u0131ra aras\u0131 i\u015flemesi verimi y\u00fckseltir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zararl\u0131 izlemesi: \u00f6zellikle yeni \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde yaprak zararl\u0131lar\u0131 ve k\u00f6k bo\u011faz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n S\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde erkenci hububat hasad\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131r; bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver ayar\u0131, dane kayb\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr; depo haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Ta\u00e7 y\u00f6netimi ve sulama: g\u00fcne\u015f yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski olan alanlarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yaprak al\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaz; su dalgalanmas\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n A\u015f\u0131 yenilemeleri; tutmayan a\u015f\u0131lar uygun d\u00f6nemde tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0130lk yaz meyvelerinde hasat: hasat saatleri serin zamana \u00e7ekilir; zedelenme depo kayb\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Meyve d\u00f6neminde bitki korumada kal\u0131nt\u0131 ve hasat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurallar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilir; etiket d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6nerilmez.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Yo\u011fun dikim\/ekimler; sulama disiplinine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalite y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Koltuk alma, budama, herekleme; bitki havalanmas\u0131 ve meyve kalitesi i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hasat\u2013pazara haz\u0131rl\u0131k: s\u0131n\u0131flama, so\u011futma, kasa hijyeni ve sevkiyat plan\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcn se\u00e7imi ve ba\u011flama; yaprak duvar\u0131 d\u00fczeni kurulur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Salk\u0131m geli\u015fimi d\u00f6neminde fungal risklere kar\u015f\u0131 izleme; gereksiz s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Gerekliyse sulama plan\u0131: su stresini \u201cbir anda\u201d de\u011fil kademeli y\u00f6netmek \u00e7atlama riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n K\u0131rk\u0131m (uygun b\u00f6lgelerde) ve d\u0131\u015f parazit kontrol\u00fc; stres azaltacak uygulama d\u00fczeni kurulur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Otlatma yo\u011funlu\u011fu ayarlan\u0131r; a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma mera kalitesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da s\u0131cak stresine haz\u0131rl\u0131k: su hatt\u0131 debisi, havaland\u0131rma kapasitesi, g\u00f6lgeleme kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Bal ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesi kat atma; o\u011ful e\u011filimi izlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Koloni g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ana performans\u0131 takip edilir; zay\u0131f koloniler riskli b\u00f6lmeye sokulmaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kurak ve s\u0131cak g\u00fcnlerde su kayna\u011f\u0131 eri\u015fimi sa\u011flan\u0131r; kovan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Sulama sezonu: bas\u0131n\u00e7\u2013uniformite kontrol\u00fc; t\u0131kanma ve ka\u00e7aklar d\u00fczenli kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 2.\u20133. \u00e7apalar; yabanc\u0131 ot bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kritik oldu\u011fu t\u00fcrlerde zamanlama ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hububat hasad\u0131 ba\u015flayan yerlerde dane nemine g\u00f6re hasat plan\u0131; y\u00fcksek nemli \u00fcr\u00fcn depo riskini b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. FAOHome<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n An\u0131z y\u00f6netiminde ama\u00e7 topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesini korumak; erozyon ve nem kayb\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Meyve seyreltme ve yaz budamas\u0131; a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fck binmi\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7larda kaliteyi y\u00fckseltir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tuzluluk riski olan sularda drenaj ve y\u0131kama plan\u0131 birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Erken yaz meyvelerinde hasat ve h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma; depo kayb\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00c7atlama riskinde sulama dalgalanmas\u0131 azalt\u0131l\u0131r; \u201c\u00e7ok a\u00e7m\u0131\u015fken \u00e7ok su verme\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sorun b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n D\u00fczenli hasat; hasat aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzarsa kalite d\u00fc\u015fer, \u00e7atlama ve \u015fekil bozuklu\u011fu artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Serada y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k: g\u00f6lgeleme + havaland\u0131rma + sulama zamanlamas\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zararl\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 artar; hijyen (yaprak art\u0131\u011f\u0131, yabanc\u0131 ot) ve izleme temel ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Ye\u015fil aksam y\u00f6netimi: s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ba\u011flama, gerekliyse yaprak alma, salk\u0131m havaland\u0131rma.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mildiy\u00f6\u2013k\u00fclleme izlemesi; ba\u011f i\u00e7i hava sirk\u00fclasyonu art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sulama gerekiyorsa k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve s\u0131k uygulamalarla stres y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n S\u0131cak stresi y\u00f6netimi: g\u00f6lgelik, su debisi, serinletme; rasyonun enerji\u2013lif dengesi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Merada su noktalar\u0131 ve parazit bask\u0131s\u0131 izlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanatl\u0131da \u0131s\u0131 stresi: havaland\u0131rma, su sanitasyonu, yo\u011funluk ve altl\u0131k nemi birlikte y\u00f6netilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Bal sa\u011f\u0131m\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131; ekipman hijyeni ve d\u00fczeni.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n O\u011ful kontrol\u00fc ve koloni dengeleme; ak\u0131mda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koloninin y\u00f6netimi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kurak d\u00f6nemde su temini ve g\u00f6lgeleme.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Hububat hasad\u0131: kurutma\u2013temizleme\u2013parti kayd\u0131; depo giri\u015finde \u00f6rnekleme yap\u0131l\u0131r. FAOHome<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n
Tah\u0131l depolamada dane s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 \u00b0C \u00fcst\u00fc<\/strong> ve nemin %14,5 \u00fcst\u00fc<\/strong> oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullar, b\u00f6cek\/akar geli\u015fimi riskini y\u00fckseltir; so\u011futma (havaland\u0131rma ile) depolama g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Tar\u0131m Sanayileri Konfederasyonu<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>
Bitki su t\u00fcketiminin pratik izlenmesinde ETc\u2019nin ETo ve Kc ile ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi FAO-56 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 temel referanst\u0131r. FAOHome<\/span>+1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\nOCAK<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f\u2013k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f + kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\u015eUBAT<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (+ kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\nMART<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (+ kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\nN\u0130SAN<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (+ kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\nMAYIS<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (+ kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\nHAZ\u0130RAN<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n
2) Meyvecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
3) Sebzecilik<\/h3>\n
\n
4) Ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
5) Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k (+ kanatl\u0131)<\/h3>\n
\n
6) Ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n
\n
\nTEMMUZ<\/h1>\n
1) Tarla Ziraat\u0131<\/h3>\n
\n