{"id":161325,"date":"2016-06-29T10:56:00","date_gmt":"2016-06-29T10:56:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:57:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:57:57","slug":"bocek-kisirlastirma-yontemlerinin-gecmisi-ve-bugunku-durumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/bocek-kisirlastirma-yontemlerinin-gecmisi-ve-bugunku-durumu","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6cek K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Durumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6ceklerin radyasyon ve kemosterilantlarla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 fikri, teoriden uygulamaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu sahadaki yo\u011fun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n ve radyasyon tekniklerinin \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6cek t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesine olanak vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, k\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek tekni\u011finin uygulama alan\u0131 geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi ile pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonda % 99 d\u00fczeyinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f yapabilme potansiyeli varken, konvansiyonel kimyasal y\u00f6ntemde % 90 aras\u0131nda bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilmesi beklenmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu y\u00f6ntemde maliyet daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ve \u00e7evrenin olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkilenmesi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. K\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek salma metodu, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011findeki emniyeti, y\u00fcksek oranda etkinli\u011fi ve spesifik olarak sadece hedef al\u0131nan b\u00f6ce\u011fe etki etmesi sebebiyle \u00e7ok \u00fcmit var bir y\u00f6ntem olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek salma metodu y\u00f6nteminin yeni bula\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6ceklerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in erken tespit \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanlara \u00e7evreden yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fik oranlardaki bula\u015fmalar ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve gelen bu tabi pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonlardaki d\u00f6llenmi\u015f b\u00f6ceklerin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve y\u00f6ntemin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Radyasyonun az da olsa k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6ce\u011fin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilme ve bunun sonucu olarak bunlar\u0131n do\u011fal pop\u00fcl\u00e2syondaki bireylerle rekabet etmekte zorluk \u00e7ekme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Radyasyon kaynaklar\u0131 iyi bir \u015fekilde planland\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygun ekipmanla en iyi bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a emniyetlidir. Kemosterilantlarda durum biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Hemen tamam\u0131 insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131 etki yapmaktad\u0131r. Hele baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kanserojen olmas\u0131 bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden birisidir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda <\/span>Cochliomyia hominivorax<\/span><\/em><\/strong> (Burgulu yara sine\u011fi)\u2019\u0131n Kobalt-60 uygulanarak laboratuarda k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f erkeklerinin Coracao adas\u0131nda sal\u0131verilmesi sonucu, bu adan\u0131n burgulu yara sine\u011finden temizlenmesi Entomoloji tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu yara sine\u011finin Meksika k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011fu 1850\u2019lerden bu yana Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda zarar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcney eyaletlerinde \u00e7o\u011falabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulan b\u00f6cek, yaz aylar\u0131nda kuzeye do\u011fru yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit eden bu yara sine\u011finin m\u00fccadelesinde erkek k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini uygulayan ABD\u2019de, 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta u\u00e7akla haftada bir milyon sinek sal\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, sonra 14 milyon, daha sonralar\u0131 ise serin aylarda 60 milyona, s\u0131cak aylarda ise 110 milyona \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1959\u2019da ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu, 1966\u2019da g\u00fcneybat\u0131 eyaletleri bu b\u00f6cekten temizlenmi\u015ftir. Ancak, Meksika\u2019dan gelen yeni bula\u015fmalar problemi yeniden ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ce\u011fin devaml\u0131 problem olu\u015fturmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bu durumda ABD, Meksika ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapma gere\u011fini duymu\u015f ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda tampon b\u00f6lge te\u015fkil etmi\u015f ve 1976\u2019dan itibaren ABD\u2019nin yard\u0131m ve deste\u011fi ile Meksika\u2019da da laboratuar kurularak, hafta da 200 milyon k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sinek sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1981\u2019den itibaren ABD\u2019de k\u0131s\u0131r sinek \u00fcretim sistemleri daha da modernize edilmi\u015f ve \u00fcretim kapasitesi art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmada, sezyum-137 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve bula\u015f\u0131k alanlara haftada 500 milyon k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sinek sal\u0131nmas\u0131 programla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde burgulu yara sine\u011fi her iki \u00fclkede de bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ne var ki, burgulu yara sine\u011fi yenid\u00fcnyadan eski d\u00fcnyaya ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Tunus ve Libya\u2019da yay\u0131lmaya ve zararl\u0131 olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1990\u2019da pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonunu ve yay\u0131lma alan\u0131n\u0131 daha da geni\u015fleten bu b\u00f6cek \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in de tehlike arz etmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Tablo 4\u2019de radyasyonla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunan bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6cek t\u00fcr\u00fc belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda akdeniz meyve sine\u011fi ilk s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131daki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yan\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde de baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar memnuniyet vericidir. Akdeniz meyve sine\u011finin pupalar\u0131ndan erginlerinin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na bir veya iki g\u00fcn kala pupalar 9, 10 ve 11 krad dozda radyasyona tabi tutulmu\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek tekni\u011fi ve k\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek salma metodu bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6cek t\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 arazide ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, bunun daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesi ve uygulamaya intikal edebilmesi i\u00e7in daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Belki de, bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131larla konvansiyonel insektisitlerin birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha iyi sonu\u00e7lar verebilir. B\u00f6ylece, bu yeti\u015ftiricilerin bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsemeleri daha da kolay olabilir. \u00d6zellikle, zarar yapm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6ce\u011fin ila\u00e7lamay\u0131 m\u00fcteakip azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hemen g\u00f6rmek isteyen yeti\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in bu durum daha da \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Benzer uygulama burgulu yara sine\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7erisinde insektisit, cezbedici madde ve sinek g\u0131das\u0131 bulunan yemler palet halinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 kilometrekare alana 1 kilogram isabet edecek \u015fekilde b\u00f6cek yo\u011funlu\u011funun y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu alanlara 2-4 hafta s\u00fcreyle u\u00e7akla at\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece sineklerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonun belirli bir d\u00fczeyin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi sa\u011flanmakta, bundan hemen sonra yap\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek sal\u0131mlar\u0131 daha etkili olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Kemosterilantlar kanserojen etkiye sahip bile\u015fiklerdir. Bunlar\u0131n insan ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lara etkisi konusunda net bilgiler mevcut de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle, alkalleyiciler mutasyonlara sebep olduklar\u0131ndan geni\u015f \u015fekilde kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 sak\u0131ncal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131cakkanl\u0131lara \u00e7ok zehirli bile\u015fiklerdir. Bu y\u00fczden kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7ok dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Prof.Dr. Erol YILDIRIM<\/strong> kategorisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Son 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6ceklerin radyasyon ve kemosterilantlarla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 fikri, teoriden uygulamaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu sahadaki yo\u011fun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00e7e\u015fitli kimyasallar\u0131n ve radyasyon tekniklerinin \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6cek t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmesine olanak vermi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, k\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6cek tekni\u011finin uygulama alan\u0131 geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi ile pop\u00fcl\u00e2syonda % 99 d\u00fczeyinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f yapabilme potansiyeli varken, konvansiyonel kimyasal y\u00f6ntemde % 90 aras\u0131nda bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-161325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=161325"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170151,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161325\/revisions\/170151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=161325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=161325"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=161325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}