{"id":18880,"date":"2012-08-10T15:06:00","date_gmt":"2012-08-10T15:06:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:57:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:57:59","slug":"yeni-mantar-uretim-sistemleri-18880","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/yeni-mantar-uretim-sistemleri-18880","title":{"rendered":"Yeni Mantar \u00dcretim Sistemleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Mantar &uuml;retimi eski (Klasik sistemler) ve yeni sistemler (Modern sistemler) olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Eski Klasik Sistemler<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\"><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Eski &uuml;retim sisteminde iki de\u011fi\u015fik uygulama yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara tek odal\u0131 (tek zon) ve &ccedil;ift odal\u0131 (&ccedil;ift zon) sistemler ad\u0131 verilir. Tsk odal\u0131 sistemde kompostun I. fermantasyonundan sonra past&ouml;rizasyon, I. misel geli\u015fme (kulu&ccedil;ka d&ouml;nemi), &ouml;rt&uuml; topra\u011f\u0131 serme, II, misel geli\u015fme ve hasat ayn\u0131 oda i&ccedil;inde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Burada odan\u0131n kullan\u0131lma s&uuml;resi 90-110 g&uuml;n aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bir y\u0131l i&ccedil;inde odan\u0131n kulan\u0131lmas\u0131 ancak 3 kezdir. Past&ouml;rizasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k 60&deg;C ye kadar &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, odan\u0131n iyi bir \u015fekilde izole edilmesi gerekir. B&uuml;t&uuml;n &uuml;retim odalar\u0131nda izolasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131, toplam in\u015faat maliyetini olduk&ccedil;a y&uuml;kseltmektedir. &Uuml;retim s\u0131ras\u0131nda daha &ccedil;ok raflar ve k\u0131smen b&uuml;y&uuml;k kasa i&ccedil;inde mantar &uuml;retimi m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Torba i&ccedil;inde &uuml;retim ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilemez. Sistemin tek avantaj\u0131 b&uuml;t&uuml;n i\u015flerin ayn\u0131 oda i&ccedil;inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131, bundan dolay\u0131 plan ve organizasyonun kolayla\u015fmas\u0131, oda bo\u015faltma &ouml;ncesi odaya buhar vererek bo\u015falt\u0131lacak materyalin hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b&ouml;ylece bo\u015faltma an\u0131nda etrafa enfeksiyonun &ouml;nlenmesi, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k i\u015fletmelerde parasal kaynak fazla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve ancak bir, iki veya en fazla d&ouml;rt oda ile &uuml;retime gidildi\u011finden, i\u015fletmeyi kurabilme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;kselmesidir.<br \/>Son y\u0131llarda bu sistemde baz\u0131 ufak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131larak daha kullan\u0131labilir, ge&ccedil;it bir sistem geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim, g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde kompost fermantasyonu d\u0131\u015farda sundurma alt\u0131nda, Zaral\u0131lardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 past&ouml;rizasyon odas\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Past&ouml;rizasyon odas\u0131ndan &ccedil;\u0131kan kompost hemen a\u015f\u0131lanmakta, bundan sonra &uuml;retim odas\u0131na al\u0131nmakta ve &uuml;retim odas\u0131nda I. misel geli\u015fmesi, &ouml;rt&uuml; topra\u011f\u0131 serilmesi, II. misel geli\u015fme ve hasat yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu sistem, tek ve &ccedil;ift odal\u0131 sistem aras\u0131nda ge&ccedil;it bir sistemi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>&Ccedil;ift odal\u0131 sistemde kompost fermantasyonu d\u0131\u015farda, temizlenmesi ve olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 &ouml;zel past&ouml;rizasyon odalar\u0131nda, kompostun a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve I. misel geli\u015fmesi &ouml;n misel geli\u015ftirme (kulu&ccedil;ka odas\u0131) odalar\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. &Ouml;rt&uuml; topra\u011f\u0131 serme, II. misel geli\u015fmesi ve hasat ise, &uuml;retim odas\u0131nda ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fir. Bu bak\u0131mdan bir &uuml;retim odas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m s&uuml;resi 40-60 g&uuml;n kadar olup, y\u0131lda 6-9 kez kullan\u0131labilir. \u0130\u015fin haftal\u0131k programa g&ouml;re y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmesi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fletmenin 12 odal\u0131 kurulmas\u0131nda yarar vard\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece &uuml;retim &ccedil;ok y&ouml;nl&uuml; ve haftal\u0131k olarak organize edilebilir. Torba, kasa, ranza &uuml;retimde herhangi biri rahatl\u0131kla uygulanabilir. Mekanizasyona daha kolay gidilir. \u0130\u015fletmenin &uuml;niteleri aras\u0131ndaki hijyenik ko\u015fullar rahat&ccedil;a sa\u011flanabilir. Orta ve b&uuml;y&uuml;k i\u015fletmelerde in\u015faat masraflar\u0131 daha azd\u0131r. K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k i\u015fletmelerde ise tersi, pahal\u0131 bir in\u015faat maliyeti ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;<\/span>Modern Sistemler<\/strong><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Son y\u0131llarda de\u011fi\u015fik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmakta ve buradan elde olunan sonu&ccedil;lar prati\u011fe aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte yeni sistemler bu \u015fekilde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">T&uuml;nel Sistemi<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\"><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">T&uuml;nel sisteminin eski klasik sistemden fark\u0131 kompost haz\u0131rlama s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan i\u015flerde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kompost belirlenen re&ccedil;eteye g&ouml;re haz\u0131rlanmakta ve materyaller d&ouml;nen bir t&uuml;nel i&ccedil;ine doldurulmaktad\u0131r. Kompostun fermantasyonu t&uuml;nel i&ccedil;inde, kapal\u0131 bir ortamda ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilmekte ve daha sonra ayn\u0131 ortamda kompost past&ouml;rize edilmektedir (\u015eekil 5.2). T&uuml;nelin ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil;taki kurulu\u015f maliyeti fazla, ancak ilerleyen y\u0131llarda kompost haz\u0131rlama s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki aktarma ve ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemlerinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla daha ekonomik olmaktad\u0131r. &Uuml;retimin di\u011fer kademeleri, &ccedil;ift odal\u0131 sistemi bulunan bir i\u015fletmede y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmektedir.<br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">. Kuhn-Sohm Sistemi<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\"><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Bu &uuml;retim sisteminde mantarlar kasalarda &uuml;retilir. Di\u011fer sistemlerden fark\u0131, kasalar\u0131n &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma hol&uuml;ne getirilmesi ve her t&uuml;rl&uuml; bak\u0131m ve hasat i\u015flerinin burada uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. &Uuml;retim odalar\u0131nda bak\u0131m yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kasalar birbiri &uuml;zerine daha yak\u0131n mesafelerde konmakta ve bir odadaki ranzalarda bulunan raf say\u0131s\u0131 normalde 4-6 iken, buradan kasa say\u0131s\u0131 8-10 &#8216;na kadar &ccedil;\u0131kabilmektedir. &Ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma hol&uuml;ne getirilen kasalarda hasat makine ile yap\u0131lmakta ve yine hasat sonras\u0131 kasan\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131nda ki temizleme ve &ouml;rt&uuml; topra\u011f\u0131 ilavesi makineler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmektedir. \u0130\u015fletmenin dezavantaj\u0131 enerji t&uuml;ketiminin fazla, sistemin kurulu\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda komple alet ve makina sat\u0131n alma mecburiyetinin olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bir ar\u0131za (elektrik kesilmesi veya bir par&ccedil;an\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gibi) s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015flerin k\u0131smen de olsa aksamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eu anda Avrupa&#8217;da ancak bir iki b&uuml;y&uuml;k i\u015fletmede uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\">&Ccedil;ekmece Sistemi<\/strong><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><br style=\"mso-special-character: line-break;\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; background: white; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: TR;\">Kuhn-Sohm sisteminin biraz modifiye edilmi\u015f \u015feklidir. &Uuml;retim &uuml;st &uuml;ste konmu\u015f raflarda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131m ve hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda raflar bulundu\u011fu yerden &ouml;zel kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve indirici tertibat vas\u0131tas\u0131yla al\u0131n\u0131r. Raflar\u0131n hemen &ouml;n taraf\u0131nda bulunan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma hol&uuml;nde gerekli bak\u0131m ve hasat i\u015flemleri ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilip, tekrar yerine konur Tam mekanize olmu\u015f ve bilgisayar donat\u0131m\u0131 bulunan bir i\u015fletmede \u015feklidir. B&uuml;y&uuml;k i\u015fletmelerde uygulanabilir. \u0130lk yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyeti olduk&ccedil;a y&uuml;ksektir.<\/p>\n<p>Mantar Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi Kitab\u0131 Prof.Dr.Atila G&Uuml;NAY<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mantar &uuml;retimi eski (Klasik sistemler) ve yeni sistemler (Modern sistemler) olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Eski Klasik Sistemler Eski &uuml;retim sisteminde iki de\u011fi\u015fik uygulama yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlara tek odal\u0131 (tek zon) ve &ccedil;ift odal\u0131 (&ccedil;ift zon) sistemler ad\u0131 verilir. Tsk odal\u0131 sistemde kompostun I. fermantasyonundan sonra past&ouml;rizasyon, I. misel geli\u015fme (kulu&ccedil;ka d&ouml;nemi), &ouml;rt&uuml; topra\u011f\u0131 serme, II, misel geli\u015fme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-18880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18880"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170536,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18880\/revisions\/170536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18880"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=18880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}