{"id":267,"date":"2007-02-10T20:30:00","date_gmt":"2007-02-10T20:30:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:02:48","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:02:48","slug":"tohumlugun-onemi-267","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/tohumlugun-onemi-267","title":{"rendered":"Tohumlu\u011fun \u00f6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Tar\u0131mda verimlilik ve &uuml;retim art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, &uuml;retim maliyetinin d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;lmesinde tohum &uuml;lkemiz i&ccedil;in en temel ve &ouml;nemli bir girdi ve teknolojik &ouml;\u011fe olma durumundad\u0131r. &Ccedil;ift&ccedil;imiz y&uuml;ksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 tohum kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde verim ve &uuml;retimin artmamas\u0131nda bir sebep yoktur. &Uuml;retim ve verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirme tekni\u011fi metotlar\u0131, arazi \u0131slah\u0131, sulama, mekanizasyon, g&uuml;breleme, m&uuml;cadele tekniklerinin uygulanmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda b&ouml;lgeye uyan kaliteli tohum &ccedil;e\u015fidinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Sertifikal\u0131 tohumluk s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u015f&ouml;yle tarif edilmektedir:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Elit tohumluk: Yeni \u0131slah edilmi\u015f veya &ouml;teden beri \u0131slah edilmi\u015f olmakla birlikte usul&uuml;ne g&ouml;re sayfiyeti muhafaza ve devam ettirilen do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u0131slah&ccedil;\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen, orjinal tohumlu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131f sertifikal\u0131 tohumluklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden tohumluktur.<br \/>\n Orjinal tohumluk: Elit tohumluktan veya kendisinden elde edilen, &ccedil;e\u015fidin safiyetini devam ettiren ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma, \u0131slah ve deneme m&uuml;esseselerinde veya bu m&uuml;esseselerin kontrol&uuml; alt\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilen, tohumluk kontrol ve sertifikasyon te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen tohumluktur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ana&ccedil; tohumluk: Orjinal tohumluk veya kendisinden elde edilen &ccedil;e\u015fit safiyetini devam ettiren, tohumluk kontrol ve sertifikasyon te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen tohumluktur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sertifikal\u0131 tohumluk: Orjinal, ana&ccedil; veya kendisinden elde edilen &ccedil;e\u015fit safiyetini devam ettiren, tohumluk kontrol ve sertifikasyon te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen tohumluktur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sertifikal\u0131 tohumluk; tescilli bir &ccedil;e\u015fide ait kayna\u011f\u0131 belli olan, tarla ve laboratuvar kontrolleri sonucu belli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n &ouml;tesinde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenen genetik, fiziksel ve biyolojik vas\u0131flar\u0131 y&uuml;ksek &ccedil;o\u011falma unsurlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kaliteli bir tohumlu\u011fun (sertifikal\u0131) verimi art\u0131rmadaki pay\u0131n\u0131n;<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu\u011fday- fasulye gibi kendine d&ouml;llenen bitkilerde %20-30 seviyesinde oldu\u011fu,<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M\u0131s\u0131r- ay&ccedil;i&ccedil;e\u011fi gibi yabanc\u0131 d&ouml;llenen bitkilerde bu pay\u0131n %100&rsquo; lerin &uuml;zerinde oldu\u011fu bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ortaya konuldu\u011fu bir ger&ccedil;ektir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k vas\u0131fl\u0131 tohumluk kullan\u0131m\u0131 sadece verimi olumsuz y&ouml;nde etkilemekle kalmay\u0131p, i&ccedil;inde kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kaliteyi de olumsuz y&ouml;nde etkilemektedir. Bu durumda &uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n pazar de\u011ferinin de d&uuml;\u015fmesine sebebiyet vermektedir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sertifikal\u0131 tohumluklar tarlan\u0131n temiz olmas\u0131 ve fiziksel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 &ouml;nlemek i&ccedil;in gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla bu\u011fday, fasulye, fi\u011f gibi kendine d&ouml;llenen bitkilerde 3-5 y\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yenilenmelidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ay&ccedil;i&ccedil;e\u011fi-m\u0131s\u0131r gibi hibrit tohumlu\u011fun ise her y\u0131l yenilenmesi gerekir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bir tar\u0131msal girdi olarak tohumlu\u011fun genetik potansiyeli verimi belirleyen temel unsurlardan birisidir. Son 40-50 y\u0131l i&ccedil;erisinde &uuml;lkemizde ve D&uuml;nya&rsquo;da ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilen tar\u0131msal &uuml;retim art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bitki &ccedil;e\u015fitlerinin ve kaliteli tohumluk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkileri b&uuml;y&uuml;kt&uuml;r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Di\u011fer b&uuml;t&uuml;n yeti\u015ftirme tekni\u011fi paketi fakt&ouml;rleri sabit kalsa dahi &uuml;st&uuml;n ve kaliteli tohumlu\u011fun verim &uuml;zerine etkileri &ccedil;ok fazla olmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tar\u0131msal girdi olarak tohum, &ccedil;ift&ccedil;iler taraf\u0131ndan en h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde benimsenme ve yay\u0131lma &ouml;zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Bir &ccedil;ift&ccedil;i i&ccedil;in tohum de\u011fi\u015ftirme olduk&ccedil;a kolay ve basit bir i\u015ftir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s&ouml;yledi\u011fi gibi &ldquo;Ek tohumun has\u0131n\u0131 &ccedil;ekme mahsul yas\u0131n\u0131&rdquo; ve &ldquo; Ne ekersen onu bi&ccedil;ersin&rdquo; s&ouml;zlerini vurgulamakta fayda var.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0130limiz i&ccedil;in &ouml;nerilen baz\u0131 tohumluk &ccedil;e\u015fit ve isimleri:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ekmeklik bu\u011fdaylar: Bezostia-1, Da\u011fda\u015f-94, Gerek-79, K\u0131ra&ccedil;-66, Atay-85, Sultan-95, K\u0131rg\u0131z-95, Pehlivan, Prostor, G&uuml;n-91, \u0130kizce-96, M\u0131zrak-98, Yakar-99, K\u0131nac\u0131-97, Demir-2000, Bayraktar-2000, Karahan-99, Ba\u011fc\u0131-2002, G&ouml;ksu-99, Konya-2002, Altay-2000<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Makarnal\u0131k bu\u011fdaylar: Kunduru-1149, Y\u0131lmaz-98, Alt\u0131n-40\/98, Ankara-98, k\u0131z\u0131ltan-91, Sel&ccedil;uklu-97, Meram-2002, Mirzabey-2000<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Arpa: tokak 157\/37, Tarm-92, B&uuml;lb&uuml;l-89, Cumhuriyet-50, Efes-3, Orza-96, Erginel-90, Anadolu-98, Kral-97, Karatay-94, Kalayc\u0131-97, Yesevi-93, Efes-98, &Ccedil;etin-2000, &Ccedil;umra-2001, &Ccedil;atalh&ouml;y&uuml;k-2001, Bey\u015fehir-99, Konevi-99, Aydanhan\u0131m, Avc\u0131-2002, Bilgi-91 (yazl\u0131k ekimler i&ccedil;in)<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tritikale: Tatl\u0131cak-97, Focus, Mikham-2002, Melez-2001<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;avdar: Asl\u0131m-95<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nohut: Ak&ccedil;in-91, K&uuml;smen-99, Uzunlu-99, Er-99, G&ouml;k&ccedil;e, Can\u0131tez-87, Damla-89, \u0130zmir-92, Ayd\u0131n-92, Menemen-92, &Ccedil;a\u011fatay, G&uuml;l&uuml;mser<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuru fasulye: \u015eehir Ali, Akman-98, G&ouml;yn&uuml;k-98, Yunus-90<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mercimek:Sultan-1, Emre-20, Kay\u0131-91, Sazak-91<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Patates: Adora, Agria, Carlita, Cosmos, Desiree, Fabula, Fianna, Hermes, Hertha, \u0130mpala, Jaerla, Ladyrosetta, Maranca, Marfona, Mondial, Morane, Panda, Pepo, Planta, Quinta, Remarka, Santana, Satina, Shepoy, Tomensa, Vangogh<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Tar\u0131mda verimlilik ve &uuml;retim art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, &uuml;retim maliyetinin d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;lmesinde tohum &uuml;lkemiz i&ccedil;in en temel ve &ouml;nemli bir girdi ve teknolojik &ouml;\u011fe olma durumundad\u0131r. &Ccedil;ift&ccedil;imiz y&uuml;ksek vas\u0131fl\u0131 tohum kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde verim ve &uuml;retimin artmamas\u0131nda bir sebep yoktur. &Uuml;retim ve verimin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirme tekni\u011fi metotlar\u0131, arazi \u0131slah\u0131, sulama, mekanizasyon, g&uuml;breleme, m&uuml;cadele tekniklerinin uygulanmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda b&ouml;lgeye uyan kaliteli tohum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[425],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarla-bitkileri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":173064,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267\/revisions\/173064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=267"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}