{"id":2952,"date":"2007-08-28T23:48:00","date_gmt":"2007-08-28T23:48:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:50","slug":"ruzgar-erozyonu-nedir-2952","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/ruzgar-erozyonu-nedir-2952","title":{"rendered":"R\u00dcZG\u00c2R EROZYONU NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">\nTopraklar\u0131n olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 yerlerden, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n etkisi ve kuvvetiyle a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak; s\u0131&ccedil;rama, y&uuml;zeyde s&uuml;r&uuml;klenme ve havada u&ccedil;ma hareketleriyle bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere ta\u015f\u0131narak y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 olay\u0131na <strong>r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu<\/strong> denir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyon, y&uuml;zy\u0131llardan beri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit etmi\u015f, bir&ccedil;ok uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s&ouml;nmesine ve b&uuml;y&uuml;k g&ouml;&ccedil;lere neden olmu\u015f &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemli bir sorundur. &Uuml;lkemiz topraklar\u0131, &ccedil;ok eskiden beri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede ve genellikle hatal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu yorulmu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n mevsimlere g&ouml;re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 d&uuml;zensiz olan, genellikle kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak iklim ku\u015faklar\u0131nda; arazi y&uuml;zeyinin kuru ve bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;nden yoksun bulundu\u011fu &ccedil;\u0131plak sahalarda, an\u0131z\u0131 bozulmu\u015f hububat tarlalar\u0131 ile d&uuml;z ve e\u011fimli arazilerde etkisini g&ouml;sterir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu, genellikle 400 mm.nin alt\u0131nda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan; \u0130&ccedil; Anadolu, Do\u011fu Anadolu ve G&uuml;ney Do\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgelerinde etkili olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu neden &ouml;nemlidir?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu sonucu verimli topraklar kaybolmaktad\u0131r. R&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n etkisi buharla\u015fmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak toprak nemi azalmaktad\u0131r. Topraktaki nem azal\u0131nca bitki b&uuml;y&uuml;mesi yava\u015flamaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTa\u015f\u0131nan kum ve toprak par&ccedil;alar\u0131, dere ve nehir yataklar\u0131n\u0131 doldurarak su ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131na, kanallar\u0131n t\u0131kanmas\u0131na, k&ouml;pr&uuml;lerin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na ayr\u0131ca demiryolu ve karayollar\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;zerinde birikerek yollar\u0131 kapatmakta ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n aksamas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n etkisi ile &uuml;zerinde tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan verimli topraklar ta\u015f\u0131narak tarladan uzakla\u015f\u0131r; bunun sonucu &uuml;retim ve &uuml;r&uuml;n miktar\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca r&uuml;zg&acirc;r etkisi ile da\u011f ve tepe gibi yerlerden ta\u015f\u0131nan kum ve verimsiz topraklar, verimli tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;zerini kapatarak, bu topraklar\u0131 tar\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz hale getirmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu fazla oldu\u011fu b&ouml;lgelerde toz ve kum f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunun zararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f&ouml;yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/strong><strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Tar\u0131m ve mera arazilerinin verimli topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Tar\u0131m ve mera arazileri ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Tar\u0131m ve mera arazileri ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Bitkiler ta\u015f\u0131nan toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;arpmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan darbe tesirinden ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndan zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Bitkiler ta\u015f\u0131nan toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;arpmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan darbe tesirinden ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndan zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. Karayollar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, yerle\u015fme merkezleri ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Karayollar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, yerle\u015fme merkezleri ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. Trafik kazalar\u0131na neden olabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Trafik kazalar\u0131na neden olabilir.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n6. R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu fazla olan yerlerde solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu fazla olan yerlerde solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n7. Toprak derinli\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Toprak derinli\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n8. Topra\u011f\u0131n su ve bitki besin maddeleri i&ccedil;eri\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n su ve bitki besin maddeleri i&ccedil;eri\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n9. Barajlar toprak materyali ile dolmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Barajlar toprak materyali ile dolmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilerimiz arazilerini kullan\u0131rken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlara dikkat etmeleri gerekir:\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Meyilli arazilere meyve bah&ccedil;esi, ba\u011f tesis etmeli veya di\u011fer &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkiler (&ccedil;ilek, ahududu vs) dikilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n6. Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n7. Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n8. E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n9. Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n10. Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n11. Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. R&Uuml;ZG&Acirc;R EROZYONU NASIL OLU\u015eUR?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/strong>Tar\u0131m ve mera arazilerinin verimli topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Tar\u0131m ve mera arazileri ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Tar\u0131m ve mera arazileri ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Bitkiler ta\u015f\u0131nan toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;arpmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan darbe tesirinden ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndan zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Bitkiler ta\u015f\u0131nan toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;arpmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan darbe tesirinden ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava ak\u0131m\u0131ndan zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. Karayollar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, yerle\u015fme merkezleri ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Karayollar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, yerle\u015fme merkezleri ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklarla &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. Trafik kazalar\u0131na neden olabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Trafik kazalar\u0131na neden olabilir.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n6. R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu fazla olan yerlerde solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu fazla olan yerlerde solunum yolu hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n7. Toprak derinli\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Toprak derinli\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n8. Topra\u011f\u0131n su ve bitki besin maddeleri i&ccedil;eri\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n su ve bitki besin maddeleri i&ccedil;eri\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n9. Barajlar toprak materyali ile dolmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Barajlar toprak materyali ile dolmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilerimiz arazilerini kullan\u0131rken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlara dikkat etmeleri gerekir:\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Meyilli arazilere meyve bah&ccedil;esi, ba\u011f tesis etmeli veya di\u011fer &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkiler (&ccedil;ilek, ahududu vs) dikilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n6. Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n7. Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n8. E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n9. Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n10. Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n11. Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. R&Uuml;ZG&Acirc;R EROZYONU NASIL OLU\u015eUR?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meyilli arazilere meyve bah&ccedil;esi, ba\u011f tesis etmeli veya di\u011fer &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkiler (&ccedil;ilek, ahududu vs) dikilmelidir.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meyilli araziler e\u011fim y&ouml;n&uuml;ne dik bir \u015fekilde s&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve ekilmelidir (Kontur tar\u0131m).<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topra\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131 &ouml;rt&uuml;l&uuml; bulundurulmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in nadas yerine m&uuml;navebe uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>An\u0131zlar ve bitki art\u0131klar\u0131 kesinlikle yak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerde toprak m&uuml;mk&uuml;n mertebe az i\u015flenmeli, fazla par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 (diskaro, freze gibi) aletler kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n6. Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Toprak tam tav\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenmelidir. Bu topra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 daha az bozar ve bu i\u015flem erozyonla m&uuml;cadelede daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n7. Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gere\u011finden &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemede tekerlekler topra\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, b&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su emme kapasitesini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n8. E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>E\u011fimli arazilerin &ouml;zellikle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 geni\u015f&ccedil;e b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarlan\u0131n i&ccedil;inden toplanan ta\u015f ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar bu s\u0131n\u0131ra d&uuml;zg&uuml;nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n9. Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Gerekirse meyilli arazilerde teraslar yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Sulamay\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, meyile dik yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n10. Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Hayvan g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre kullanarak topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma &ouml;zelli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131larak suyun ve topra\u011f\u0131n birlikte ak\u0131p gitmesi &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n11. Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Meralar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 veya &ccedil;ok y\u0131ll\u0131k yem bitkilerinin ekilmesi erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili y&ouml;ntemlerden birisidir. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. R&Uuml;ZG&Acirc;R EROZYONU NASIL OLU\u015eUR?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunun olu\u015fumu &uuml;&ccedil; a\u015famada olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar: Hareketin ba\u015flamas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nma ve birikme olaylar\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Harekete ge&ccedil;me:\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu sel yar\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 erozyonu gibidir. Bir kez harekete ba\u015flad\u0131 m\u0131 durdurulmas\u0131 giderek g&uuml;&ccedil;le\u015fir. Toprak y&uuml;zeyine hava s&uuml;rt&uuml;nd&uuml;\u011f&uuml; zaman hava hareketinde belirli bir h\u0131z olu\u015fur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nToprak hareketi ilk &ouml;nce r&uuml;zg&acirc;r h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile ba\u015flar. Harekette iki h\u0131z s&ouml;z konusudur. Birincisi esinti ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil; h\u0131z\u0131, ikincisi de darbe (&ccedil;arpma) ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil; h\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Toprak y&uuml;zeyinin tam &uuml;st&uuml;nde hareketli bir hava tabakas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b&ouml;lgeye giren bir toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131\u011f\u0131, buradan ba\u015fka yere ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Ta\u015f\u0131nma:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nToprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131 harekete ge&ccedil;dikten sonra, zerrelerin irili\u011fine, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak; s\u0131&ccedil;rama, havada as\u0131l\u0131 kalma (s&uuml;spansiyon) ve y&uuml;zeyde s&uuml;r&uuml;klenme hareketi ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nS\u0131&ccedil;rama ile hareket:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nce toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131 (&ccedil;aplar\u0131 0,1-0,5 mm olan) r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n etkisiyle, y&uuml;zeyden d&ouml;nerek ve dik olarak havaland\u0131ktan sonra havan\u0131n direncine ve yer&ccedil;ekimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak toprak y&uuml;zeyinde s\u0131&ccedil;rama \u015feklinde bir s&uuml;re hareket ederler. S\u0131&ccedil;rama y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi 10-20 cm dir. Bu par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar yere d&uuml;\u015ferken sakin halde duran par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131 da harekete ge&ccedil;irir. S\u0131&ccedil;rama &uuml;&ccedil; hareketin en &ouml;nemlisidir. Bu hareketle di\u011ferlerine oranla daha fazla toprak ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nHavadaki as\u0131l\u0131 maddeler (S&uuml;spansiyon):\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Ccedil;ok ince zerrecikler (0,1 mm den k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k) kil, silt, ve &ccedil;ok ince kumlar bu hareket t&uuml;r&uuml; ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar havada as\u0131l\u0131 hale gelince 3-5 km kadar y&uuml;kselebilir ve &ccedil;ok uzaklara ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. Toz f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY&uuml;zeyde s&uuml;r&uuml;klenme:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Ccedil;o\u011funlukla kaba ve &ccedil;ok kaba kum par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131 ile &ccedil;aplar\u0131 0,5-2 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ve r&uuml;zgar\u0131n havaland\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar a\u011f\u0131r olan toprak zerreleri &uuml;st y&uuml;zeyde yuvarlanarak veya s&uuml;r&uuml;klenerek hareket eder ve ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Birikme:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nYer&ccedil;ekiminin g&uuml;c&uuml;, zerreleri havada tutan hava ak\u0131m\u0131 ve r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n g&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nden daha b&uuml;y&uuml;k oldu\u011fu anda ta\u015f\u0131nma birikmeye d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r. R&uuml;zg&acirc;r h\u0131z\u0131nda bir d&uuml;\u015fme oldu\u011fundan zerreler iriliklerine g&ouml;re y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flarlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu, ince verimli toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131narak kaybolmas\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma (birikme) yerlerinde yeti\u015fmekte olan; hububat, sebze, meyve gibi bitkilerin &uuml;zerini &ouml;rterek &ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilere b&uuml;y&uuml;k zarar vermektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. R&Uuml;ZG&Acirc;R EROZYONUNA ETK\u0130 EDEN FAKT&Ouml;RLER\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. \u0130klim:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu genel olarak kurak ve yar\u0131 kurak y&ouml;relerin sorunudur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu, &ouml;zellikle kurak ge&ccedil;en ilkbahar mevsiminin sonlar\u0131 ile yaz\u0131n ve sonbaharda etkili olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong>R&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunu olu\u015fturan iklim fakt&ouml;rleri nelerdir?<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nS\u0131cakl\u0131k\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nHavan\u0131n nemi\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\na) R&uuml;zg&acirc;r:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTopraklar\u0131n erozyona u\u011framas\u0131nda; r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n y&ouml;n&uuml;, \u015fiddeti ve s&uuml;resi, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunu olu\u015fturan esas etkenlerdir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n g&uuml;nl&uuml;k ve mevsimlik y&ouml;n ve h\u0131zlar\u0131, kontrol planlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu zamanlar, kurak mevsime rastl\u0131yorsa, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu zarar\u0131 daha fazla olacakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nToprak y&uuml;zeyinden y&uuml;kseldik&ccedil;e r&uuml;zg&acirc;r h\u0131z\u0131 artar. Bu nedenle t&uuml;msekler, s\u0131rtlar r&uuml;zg&acirc;rdan daha &ccedil;ok etkilenirler.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nNisan ay\u0131nda Afrika&#39;dan esen, kuru ve kurutucu r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar\u0131n Orta Anadolu&#39;daki etkileri b&uuml;y&uuml;kt&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBu r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar, &ouml;zellikle kurak giden y\u0131llarda b&uuml;y&uuml;k zararlar meydana getirmektedir; &ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; kurak yerlerde toprak, Nisan ay\u0131nda bitkisel &ouml;rt&uuml;den mahrum bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r, toprak &uuml;zerinde selekt&ouml;r makinesi gibi bir etki yapar ve topra\u011f\u0131n en verimli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan; kil, ince mil ve organik madde gibi ince zerrelerini g&ouml;t&uuml;r&uuml;r. Geriye iri kum ve &ccedil;ak\u0131llar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyona u\u011frayan arazilerde toprak s&uuml;r&uuml;klenmesi, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r hareketi y&ouml;n&uuml;nde gittik&ccedil;e artar. Bu nedenle erozyon ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktada durdurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nb) Y\u0131ll\u0131k Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKurak ve yar\u0131 kurak b&ouml;lgelerde, y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n az; ayr\u0131ca mevsimlere, aylara g&ouml;re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da d&uuml;zensiz olmas\u0131 ve bunun toprak nemi &uuml;zerindeki etkisi r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunun birinci nedenidir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nc) S\u0131cakl\u0131k:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nS\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla buharla\u015fma ve terleme artar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nGece ve g&uuml;nd&uuml;z aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131 ile donma ve &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;lme olaylar\u0131, toprak k&uuml;melerini par&ccedil;alay\u0131c\u0131 etkileri ile tozumsu yap\u0131y\u0131 te\u015fvik ederler. &Ouml;zellikle ilkbaharda, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonuna elveri\u015fli bir ortam haz\u0131rlarlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBuharla\u015fma ve terleme; s\u0131cakl\u0131k, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r, havan\u0131n oransal nemi ile birlikte toprak nemini azaltarak, onun r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na neden olurlar.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nd) Havan\u0131n Nemi:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nHavan\u0131n nem durumu da &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemlidir. Kuru esen r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar daha fazla erozyona sebep olurlar.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Toprak:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTopra\u011f\u0131n, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunun olu\u015fmas\u0131nda etkili olan &ouml;zellikleri nelerdir?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\na) B&uuml;nyesi ve yap\u0131s\u0131,\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nb) Organik madde i&ccedil;eri\u011fi,\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nc) Toprak nemi ve\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nd) Toprak y&uuml;zeyinin p&uuml;r&uuml;zl&uuml;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml;d&uuml;r<strong>.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\na) B&uuml;nye ve Yap\u0131:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTopraklar\u0131n hepsi ayn\u0131 derecede erozyona maruz kalmazlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu, &ouml;zellikle kumlu topraklar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, eski g&ouml;l, akarsu ve deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ovalar\u0131 ile organik topraklarda ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBu topraklar, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n en kolay etkiledi\u011fi kum par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fazla miktarda i&ccedil;ermektedir. Toprak k&uuml;meleri da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131s\u0131 teksel hale gelmi\u015ftir. Organik madde i&ccedil;erikleri ile bitki besin maddeleri ve su tutma kapasiteleri &ccedil;ok d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kt&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nA\u011f\u0131r killi topraklar, taneleri birbirlerine kuvvetle tutunduklar\u0131ndan kolayca ta\u015f\u0131namazlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zg&acirc;r, ilk olarak topraktaki 0,1-0,5 milimetre &ccedil;ap\u0131ndaki par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131 harekete ge&ccedil;irdi\u011finden, topra\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturan kil, mil ve kum par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine tutunarak daha b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ccedil;apl\u0131 k&uuml;meler meydana getirmesi, erozyonu &ouml;nlemede etkili olur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTopraklarda 0,84 milimetreden b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ccedil;apl\u0131 kuru k&uuml;meler y&uuml;zdesinin artmas\u0131 r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunu azaltmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nK&uuml;mele\u015fmi\u015f yap\u0131 g&ouml;steren topraklar, teksel yap\u0131 g&ouml;sterenlere k\u0131yasla r&uuml;zg&acirc;rla ta\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nb) Organik Madde:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nOrganik madde, toprak par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (kil, mil, kum) birbirine ba\u011flar ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir k&uuml;mele\u015fme meydana getirir. Toprakta k&uuml;mele\u015fmeyi art\u0131rman\u0131n en iyi yolu, organik madde miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nOrganik madde miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k&ccedil;a, topraktan buharla\u015fma ile su kayb\u0131 da azal\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nOrganik maddesi az olan topraklarda, nem azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, toprak taneleri de teksel yap\u0131ya &ccedil;evrildiklerinden r&uuml;zg&acirc;rla kolayl\u0131kla ta\u015f\u0131nabilirler.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong>c) Toprak Nemi:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nNemli toprak taneleri birbirlerine su ile ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131 i&ccedil;in, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonuna kar\u015f\u0131 olduk&ccedil;a diren&ccedil; g&ouml;sterirler.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kuru toprak taneleri r&uuml;zg&acirc;rla kolayca ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu nedenle, toprakta nemlilik artt\u0131k&ccedil;a r&uuml;zg&acirc;rla ta\u015f\u0131nma oran\u0131 azalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nd) P&uuml;r&uuml;zl&uuml;l&uuml;k:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY&uuml;zey p&uuml;r&uuml;zl&uuml;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml; arazi kullanma ve toprak i\u015fleme durumuna g&ouml;re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. P&uuml;r&uuml;zl&uuml; y&uuml;zeylerden toprak kayb\u0131 &ccedil;ok az olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nToprak y&uuml;zeyinin kabuk ba\u011flamas\u0131 y&uuml;zey p&uuml;r&uuml;zl&uuml;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml;n&uuml; azalt\u0131rsa da r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunu geciktirici bir etkisi vard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Bitki &Ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyonu h\u0131zland\u0131ran bir ba\u015fka etken de, topra\u011f\u0131n emniyet kemeri olan ye\u015fil dokunun tahrip edilmesidir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBitkiler, topraklar\u0131 r&uuml;zg&acirc;ra kar\u015f\u0131 korur, onun s&uuml;r&uuml;klenerek ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 &ouml;nler.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBitkiler, &ouml;zellikle arazi y&uuml;z&uuml;ne yak\u0131n esen r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar\u0131n h\u0131zlar\u0131na etki ederler. Do\u011fal olarak r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar, bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;z arazi y&uuml;zeylerinden daha fazla toprak ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBitkilerin k&ouml;k sistemi, topra\u011f\u0131 mekanik olarak tutar ve topra\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi r&uuml;zg&acirc;r h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda etkili olaca\u011f\u0131ndan topra\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml; s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oran\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131 korumakta, seyrek bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml; erozyona pek engel olamamaktad\u0131r. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, patates, m\u0131s\u0131r, pancar gibi &ccedil;apa bitkileri topra\u011f\u0131 az; hububat, baklagil ve mera bitkileri olduk&ccedil;a iyi koruyabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nMera arazileri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede otlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda esen r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlara kar\u015f\u0131 diren&ccedil; g&ouml;sterememektedir. &Ouml;zellikle kurak ge&ccedil;en y\u0131llarda r&uuml;zg&acirc;r, b&uuml;y&uuml;k zarar meydana getirmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nUygun bir ekim n&ouml;beti sistemi, &ouml;zellikle kritik r&uuml;zg&acirc;rlar\u0131n esti\u011fi d&ouml;nemde erozyonu &ouml;nleyici etken olarak g&ouml;sterilebilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. \u0130nsan:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nsan, hem erozyon s&uuml;recini ba\u015flat\u0131p h\u0131zland\u0131ran ve hem de erozyonu denetim alt\u0131na almaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fan bir etmen olarak rol oynamaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nsanlar\u0131n erozyonu ba\u015flatmas\u0131 ve h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131na; &ouml;ncelikle topra\u011f\u0131 bilgisizce kullanmalar\u0131 ile topra\u011f\u0131 ve araziyi iyi tan\u0131madan tar\u0131m yapmalar\u0131 neden olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim erozyon zarar\u0131, daha &ccedil;ok toprak i\u015flemeli tar\u0131m arazilerinde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nsan etkisi, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonunu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak daima sorun olmu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong>a) Meralar\u0131n Tarla Tar\u0131m\u0131na A&ccedil;\u0131lmas\u0131: <\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nsanlar &ccedil;o\u011fu kez, iklimi, arazinin &ouml;zelliklerini, topra\u011f\u0131n &uuml;retim g&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml; g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;ne almadan, otlak olmaya elveri\u015fli olan araziyi pulluk alt\u0131na alarak toprak i\u015flemeli tar\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBu durumda toprak yetene\u011fi, tarla bitkisinin yeti\u015fmesine elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in, verim d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k olmakta, a\u015f\u0131nma ve ta\u015f\u0131nma da h\u0131zlanmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Topraklar\u0131n olu\u015ftuklar\u0131 yerlerden, r&uuml;zg&acirc;r\u0131n etkisi ve kuvvetiyle a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak; s\u0131&ccedil;rama, y&uuml;zeyde s&uuml;r&uuml;klenme ve havada u&ccedil;ma hareketleriyle bir yerden ba\u015fka bir yere ta\u015f\u0131narak y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 olay\u0131na r&uuml;zg&acirc;r erozyonu denir. Erozyon, y&uuml;zy\u0131llardan beri insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit etmi\u015f, bir&ccedil;ok uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n s&ouml;nmesine ve b&uuml;y&uuml;k g&ouml;&ccedil;lere neden olmu\u015f &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemli bir sorundur. &Uuml;lkemiz topraklar\u0131, &ccedil;ok eskiden beri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede ve genellikle hatal\u0131 bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[426],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-2952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-temel-tarimsal-bilgiler-ortak-konular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2952"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172088,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2952\/revisions\/172088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2952"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=2952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}