{"id":2955,"date":"2007-08-28T23:55:00","date_gmt":"2007-08-28T23:55:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:50","slug":"erozyon-nedir-2955","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/erozyon-nedir-2955","title":{"rendered":"EROZYON NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Topra\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerden; ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, sel sular\u0131, r&uuml;zgar, &ccedil;\u0131\u011f vb. etkenlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 olay\u0131na <strong>erozyon<\/strong> denir. Erozyon ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki g&uuml;&ccedil; taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur. Bunlar; <strong>su ve r&uuml;zgar<\/strong>d\u0131r. Tarifindeki basitli\u011fe ra\u011fmen erozyon olduk&ccedil;a karma\u015f\u0131k ve g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; etkileri olan bir s&uuml;re&ccedil;tir. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\u0130nsan etkisi olmadan ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan do\u011fal erozyonun miktar\u0131 ve etkisi &ccedil;ok d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kt&uuml;r. Bu nedenle erozyon denilince akla, insan kaynakl\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f erozyon gelir; &ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml;, erozyon &ccedil;o\u011funlukla insanlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan bir toprak bozulmas\u0131 sorunudur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyonla ta\u015f\u0131nan topra\u011f\u0131n as\u0131l kayna\u011f\u0131, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan tar\u0131m i&ccedil;in i\u015flenmi\u015f alanlar ile ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma ile a&ccedil;\u0131k hale getirilmi\u015f arazilerdir. Bu arazilerde olu\u015facak erozyonun h\u0131z\u0131 iklim, topografya, toprak yap\u0131s\u0131, bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;ne ve &ouml;zellikle arazi kullan\u0131m \u015fekline ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyon, ayn\u0131 zamanda yava\u015f, sessiz ve tam olarak alg\u0131lanamayan ger&ccedil;ek bir krizdir. Depremlere, volkanik patlamalara ya da &ouml;teki do\u011fal afetlere benzemeyen bu insan yap\u0131m\u0131 felaket, yava\u015f yava\u015f yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nUzun d&ouml;nemde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 erozyona yol a&ccedil;an yo\u011fun tar\u0131m, &uuml;retim desenleri ya da geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n pullukla s&uuml;r&uuml;lmesi gibi s\u0131k&ccedil;a g&ouml;r&uuml;len uygulamalar k\u0131sa d&ouml;nemde &uuml;retim kazan&ccedil;lar\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, iyi bir geli\u015fme g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml; ve yanl\u0131\u015f bir g&uuml;ven duygusu meydana getirmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nT&uuml;rkiye&#39;de Durum:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyon, topraklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na sebep olan etkenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. &Uuml;lkemizdeki erozyon, Avrupa&#39;dan 12, Afrika&#39;dan 17 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\nErozyon sebebi ile topra\u011f\u0131n verimi azalmakta, besin maddeleri yok olmakta, sular kirlenmekte, &uuml;r&uuml;nlerde verim ve kalite d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. &Uuml;lkemizde erozyon sonucu her y\u0131l 500 milyon ton verimli topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kaybolmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\nTablo 1. <strong>&Uuml;lkemizde Erozyona Maruz Kalan Topraklar\u0131n Genel Durumu<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>. <strong>&Uuml;lkemizde Erozyona Maruz Kalan Topraklar\u0131n Genel Durumu<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" width=\"482\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">A\u015f\u0131n\u0131m Derecesi<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\"><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Geni\u015flik<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">(1000 ha )<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\"><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Oran <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">(%)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Acil&Ouml;nlem Gereklili\u011fi<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Yok<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">5137<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">6,64<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hafif<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">5612<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">7,22<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Orta<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">15593<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">20,04<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem Gerekli<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">\u015eiddetli<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">28353<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">36,42<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ccedil;ok \u015eiddetli<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">17366<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">22,32<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ccedil;\u0131plak Kayal\u0131k<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">2931<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3,77<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">R&uuml;zgar A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"19%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">506<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"11%\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">0,65<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Uuml;lkemiz toplam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n sadece % 6.64&#39;&uuml;nde erozyon sorunu yoktur. Kalan alanlar\u0131nda &ccedil;e\u015fitli derecelerde erozyon g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Toplam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %79&#39;u toprak ve verim kayb\u0131na neden olacak seviyede erozyonun etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Uuml;lkemizde, erozyon sonucu akarsu yataklar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nan kat\u0131 madde miktar\u0131, y\u0131lda 600 milyon ton civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu rakam t&uuml;m Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki y\u0131ll\u0131k kay\u0131p olan 320 milyon tonun 1.8 kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nEn fazla sediment, y\u0131lda 39,9 milyon ton ile F\u0131rat Nehri taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bunu, 21.4 milyon ton ile K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak izlemektedir. &Uuml;lkemizde birim alandan akarsularla ta\u015f\u0131nan kat\u0131 malzeme miktar\u0131, D&uuml;nya ortalamas\u0131ndan 4,22 kat; Afrika&#39;dan 22 kat; Avrupa&#39;dan 17 kat ve Kuzey Amerika&#39;dan 6 kat fazlad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAkarsular\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131 malzemenin &ccedil;oklu\u011fu barajlar i&ccedil;in bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bug&uuml;n i&ccedil;in, 16 baraj\u0131m\u0131z ya erozyon nedeniyle kullan\u0131mdan &ccedil;\u0131km\u0131\u015f, ya da &ccedil;\u0131kmak &uuml;zeredir. Erozyon, &ouml;zellikle: Keban, Karakaya ve Atat&uuml;rk Baraj\u0131 gibi &ccedil;evresi e\u011fimli ve bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml; zay\u0131f arazilerle kapl\u0131 barajlar\u0131m\u0131z i&ccedil;in b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir tehlikedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY\u0131lda 1 mm y&uuml;ksekli\u011finde topra\u011f\u0131n kayb\u0131 100 y\u0131l sonra toprak derinli\u011finin 10 cm azalmas\u0131 demektir. Bu rakam &ouml;nemlidir, &ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; T&uuml;rkiye toplam y&uuml;zeyinin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 68&#39;i 50 cm ve daha az derinli\u011fe sahip topraklardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyon ile m&uuml;cadele olduk&ccedil;a zor ve masrafl\u0131 bir i\u015ftir. Y\u0131lda 100 bin hektar alanda m&uuml;cadele yap\u0131lsa, sadece orman s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i&ccedil;inde kalan alanlarda erozyon m&uuml;cadelesini yapmak 26 y\u0131l s&uuml;rmektedir. Yurdumuzda erozyon m&uuml;cadelesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken toplam alan ise 61.2 milyon hektard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde ormanlar ba\u015fta olmak &uuml;zere her &ccedil;e\u015fit bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml; giderek azalmaktad\u0131r. Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye sokan etkenler aras\u0131nda; orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, zararl\u0131 b&ouml;cekler ve hastal\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bunlar\u0131 &ouml;nlemek i&ccedil;in:<\/strong><strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 i&ccedil;in gerekli tedbirleri alal\u0131m.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 i&ccedil;in gerekli tedbirleri alal\u0131m.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Orman alanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyelim.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Orman alanlar\u0131nda yap\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyelim. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131zda a\u011fa&ccedil; kesimi yapmayal\u0131m.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Ormanlar\u0131m\u0131zda a\u011fa&ccedil; kesimi yapmayal\u0131m. <strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nEROZYON &Ccedil;E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nErozyon, nedenlerine g&ouml;re \u015f&ouml;yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r:\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Su Erozyonu:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nSu erozyonu, di\u011fer erozyon &ccedil;e\u015fitleri i&ccedil;erisinde en yayg\u0131n ve en etkilisidir. E\u011fimli arazilerde, bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya tamamen yok oldu\u011fu b&ouml;lgelerde; yere d&uuml;\u015fen ya\u011fmur damlalar\u0131 darbe etkisi ile bir k\u0131s\u0131m toprak par&ccedil;as\u0131n\u0131 yerinden kopararak par&ccedil;alar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nB&ouml;ylece y&uuml;zeysel ak\u0131\u015fa ge&ccedil;en ya\u011fmur sular\u0131, bu toprak par&ccedil;alar\u0131n\u0131 s&uuml;r&uuml;kleyerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara ta\u015f\u0131r. Y&uuml;zeysel ak\u0131\u015f halindeki sular a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara indik&ccedil;e, di\u011fer y&uuml;zeysel ak\u0131\u015f sular\u0131 ile birle\u015ferek g&uuml;&ccedil;lenir ve giderek ta\u015f\u0131ma g&uuml;c&uuml; de artar. B&ouml;ylece ak\u0131\u015f sular\u0131n\u0131n beraberinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 toprak ve iri materyal miktar\u0131 &ccedil;o\u011falarak, ta\u015fk\u0131n \u015feklinde akan ve b&uuml;y&uuml;k zararlara sebep olan <strong>seller<\/strong> meydana gelir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nSu erozyonunun ileri a\u015famalar\u0131nda b&uuml;y&uuml;k derelerin ve yar\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fumu g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Bu olay\u0131n di\u011fer bir sonucu da, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n yeteri kadar beslenememesi ve kurakl\u0131\u011fa sebep olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY&uuml;zey topra\u011f\u0131 besin maddeleri y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ccedil;ok zengindir. Su erozyonu sonucu y&uuml;zey topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 fakirle\u015ftirmekte ve topra\u011f\u0131n verimini d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;rmektedir. Bu erozyon &ccedil;e\u015fidi b&uuml;t&uuml;n &uuml;lkelerde g&ouml;r&uuml;lmekte olup, erozyonla kaybolan toprak verimlili\u011finin yeniden kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 m&uuml;mk&uuml;n de\u011fildir. R&uuml;zgar erozyonu ile m&uuml;cadelede ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, su erozyonu ile m&uuml;cadele &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda hen&uuml;z yeterli mesafe al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. R&uuml;zgar Erozyonu:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKurak ve yar\u0131 kurak iklime sahip b&ouml;lgelerde yayg\u0131n olan <strong>r&uuml;zgar erozyonu;<\/strong> yeterli bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml; bulunmayan, olduk&ccedil;a d&uuml;z ve geni\u015f arazilerde, gev\u015fek yap\u0131daki kuru ve ince b&uuml;nyeli topra\u011f\u0131n, \u015fiddetli r&uuml;zgarlar\u0131n etkisi ile par&ccedil;ac\u0131klar halinde yerinden oynat\u0131larak, toz bulutlar\u0131 \u015feklinde yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nR&uuml;zgar erozyonu ile toprakta yer yer &ccedil;ukurlar olu\u015fur. Bu &ccedil;ukurlardan &ccedil;\u0131kan toprak, ba\u015fka yerlerde toplanarak kum tepeleri meydana getirir. R&uuml;zgar erozyonu; yollar\u0131, binalar\u0131 ve su yollar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir, ayr\u0131ca tar\u0131msal alanlarda hasara sebep olabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p>\n3. &Ccedil;\u0131\u011f Erozyonu:\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<br \/>\n&Ccedil;\u0131\u011f: Yama&ccedil; &uuml;zerinde toplanan kar k&uuml;tlesinin, yeni ya\u011fan karlarla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y&uuml;klenmesi veya yama&ccedil;la ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 halinde, herhangi bir etki ile dengesini kaybederek da\u011f yamac\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru kaymas\u0131 ve yuvarlanmas\u0131 olay\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Ccedil;\u0131\u011flar, &ouml;nlerine gelen engelleri tahrip eder, beraberinde toprak, ta\u015f ve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 s&ouml;ker g&ouml;t&uuml;r&uuml;r. Bu \u015fekilde meydana gelen a\u015f\u0131nma ve ta\u015f\u0131nma olay\u0131na <strong>&ccedil;\u0131\u011f erozyonu<\/strong> denir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong>4. Yer&ccedil;ekimi Erozyonu (Kitle Hareketleri):<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<br \/>\n<strong>Kitle hareketleri<\/strong>, genellikle ayr\u0131\u015fma &uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml; olan ve sa\u011flam kaya &uuml;zerine oturmu\u015f bulunan &ouml;rt&uuml;n&uuml;n, esas itibariyle yer&ccedil;ekimi etkisi ile k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k veya b&uuml;y&uuml;k kitleler halinde yamac\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi olay\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>5. Buzul Erozyonu:<\/strong><strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nY&uuml;ksek da\u011fl\u0131k arazilerdeki derelerde, &ccedil;e\u015fitli zamanlarda olu\u015fmu\u015f buzullar\u0131n par&ccedil;a par&ccedil;a a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara do\u011fru kaymas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, beraberinde buzulta\u015f denilen &ccedil;e\u015fitli b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;kteki materyal kitlelerini s&uuml;r&uuml;klemesi ile meydana gelen a\u015f\u0131nma ve ta\u015f\u0131nma olay\u0131na <strong>buzul erozyonu <\/strong>denir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p>\nEROZYONUN TARIM ARAZ\u0130LER\u0130NDE OLU\u015eTURDU\u011eU <br \/>\nZARARLAR NELERD\u0130R?\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n1. Tar\u0131m ve mera arazilerinin verimli topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, toprak derinli\u011fi azal\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Tar\u0131m ve mera arazilerinin verimli topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, toprak derinli\u011fi azal\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n2. Topraktan su ve bitki besin maddeleri kaybolmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Topraktan su ve bitki besin maddeleri kaybolmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n3. Bitkiler, ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklar\u0131n darbe tesirinden ve r&uuml;zgar\u0131n terlemeyi art\u0131rmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Bitkiler, ta\u015f\u0131nan topraklar\u0131n darbe tesirinden ve r&uuml;zgar\u0131n terlemeyi art\u0131rmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;rler. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n4. Kontrols&uuml;z y&uuml;zey ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 arazilerde ta\u015fk\u0131nlara neden oldu\u011fundan, verimli tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nan materyalle &ouml;rt&uuml;lmekte, toprak ve y\u0131ll\u0131k &uuml;r&uuml;n kayb\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Kontrols&uuml;z y&uuml;zey ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 arazilerde ta\u015fk\u0131nlara neden oldu\u011fundan, verimli tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nan materyalle &ouml;rt&uuml;lmekte, toprak ve y\u0131ll\u0131k &uuml;r&uuml;n kayb\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n5. Ta\u015fk\u0131nlar, yol, k&ouml;pr&uuml;, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, hava alanlar\u0131, sanayi tesisleri ve yerle\u015fim yerlerine zarar vermekte; hayvan ve insanlarda can kayb\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Ta\u015fk\u0131nlar, yol, k&ouml;pr&uuml;, sulama ve drenaj kanallar\u0131, hava alanlar\u0131, sanayi tesisleri ve yerle\u015fim yerlerine zarar vermekte; hayvan ve insanlarda can kayb\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Sonu&ccedil; olarak erozyon, tar\u0131m arazilerinin elden &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131na, &uuml;retimin azalmas\u0131na, insanlar\u0131n fakirle\u015fmesine, bazen de g&ouml;&ccedil;lere neden olarak ekonomik ve sosyal boyutlar\u0131yla &uuml;lkeye zarar vermektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKaynak : tedgem.gov.tr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Topra\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerden; ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar, sel sular\u0131, r&uuml;zgar, &ccedil;\u0131\u011f vb. etkenlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 olay\u0131na erozyon denir. Erozyon ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki g&uuml;&ccedil; taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur. Bunlar; su ve r&uuml;zgard\u0131r. Tarifindeki basitli\u011fe ra\u011fmen erozyon olduk&ccedil;a karma\u015f\u0131k ve g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml; etkileri olan bir s&uuml;re&ccedil;tir. &nbsp; \u0130nsan etkisi olmadan ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan do\u011fal erozyonun miktar\u0131 ve etkisi &ccedil;ok d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kt&uuml;r. Bu nedenle erozyon denilince akla, insan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[426],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-2955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-temel-tarimsal-bilgiler-ortak-konular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2955","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2955"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172086,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2955\/revisions\/172086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2955"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=2955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}