{"id":335,"date":"2007-02-11T23:51:00","date_gmt":"2007-02-11T23:51:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:02:46","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:02:46","slug":"fig-yetistiriciligi-potansiyeli-ve-onemi-335","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/fig-yetistiriciligi-potansiyeli-ve-onemi-335","title":{"rendered":"Fi\u011f Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi Potansiyeli Ve \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" width=\"90%\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Yrd.Do&ccedil;.Dr. Adem EROL<br \/>\n\t\t\tE-Mail: <\/span><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"mailto:aerol@ksu.edu.tr\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #0000ff\">aerol@ksu.edu.tr<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp; Tel:0344 223 76 66 \/ 318<br \/>\n\t\t\tKS&Uuml; Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Tarla Bitkileri B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;, KAHRAMANMARA\u015e<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"yazi\">\n<p align=\"left\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>1.G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t&Uuml;lkemizde n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 d&uuml;nya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n bir &ccedil;o\u011fundan daha fazla olmas\u0131 , &uuml;lkelerin bir &ccedil;o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi yurdumuzda da yeterli ve dengeli beslenme sorununu ortaya &ccedil;\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. &Uuml;lkemiz insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ana besin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bitkisel k&ouml;kenli g\u0131dalar olu\u015fturmakta, hayvansal &uuml;r&uuml;nlerin t&uuml;ketimi &ccedil;a\u011fda\u015f &uuml;lkelerle k\u0131yaslanamayacak bir d&uuml;zeyde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hayvansal g\u0131dalar\u0131 yeterli olarak alabilmenin yolu, hayvansal &uuml;r&uuml;nleri art\u0131rmaktan, hayvansal &uuml;r&uuml;nleri art\u0131rman\u0131n yolu ise, bol ve kaliteli kaba yemle hayvanlar\u0131 beslemek ve yerli hayvan \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slah etmekten ge&ccedil;mektedir.<br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p> Hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kaba ve yo\u011fun yem gereksinimlerinin &ouml;nemli bir kaynak olan tarla yem k&uuml;lt&uuml;r&uuml;, baz\u0131 teknik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel yetersizlikler sonucu, &uuml;lke tar\u0131m\u0131nda istenilen yere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Uuml;lke genelinde tarla &uuml;retim sistemleri i&ccedil;erisinde yem bitkileri 962208 ha bir ekim alan\u0131na sahip olup, bitkisel &uuml;retim i&ccedil;erisinde yakla\u015f\u0131k % 3 oran\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr\/dokumanlar\/resimler\/fig_yetistirme\/clip_image002.gif\" alt=\"Metin Kutusu:\" hspace=\"12\" width=\"352\" height=\"366\" align=\"left\" \/>Tarla bitkileri &uuml;retim sistemleri i&ccedil;erisinde teknik olarak yem bitkileri &uuml;retimi i&ccedil;in ayr\u0131lan alan en az % 25 seviyelerinde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tar\u0131m ve teknolojik olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f &uuml;lkelerin genelinde bu ekim oran\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;zerine &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Uuml;lkemizin en &ouml;nemli bitkisel &uuml;retim kayna\u011f\u0131 olan tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tekni\u011fine uygun olarak s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir &uuml;retim modellerini uygulamam\u0131zdan ge&ccedil;mektedir. S&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir tar\u0131msal &uuml;retimin ana belirleyici unsuru yem bitkileri yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fidir.<br \/>\nYem bitkilerini yeti\u015ftirmeyi cazip k\u0131lan di\u011fer birka&ccedil; &ouml;zelli\u011fi de y&uuml;ksek oranlarda ham protein (&ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenme d&ouml;nemlerinde % 20-30) i&ccedil;ermeleri , bol ve kaliteli toprak &uuml;st&uuml; aksam\u0131 ve ortalama 1-3 m aras\u0131nda k&ouml;k olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 bu bitkilerin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fini avantajl\u0131 k\u0131lan &ouml;zellikleridir. <br \/>\nKahramanmara\u015f, ekolojik olarak yem k&uuml;lt&uuml;r&uuml;ne m&uuml;saittir. \u0130l genelinde yonca, fi\u011f, &Ouml;zellikle sulu alanlar\u0131nda yonca, k\u0131ra&ccedil; alanlar\u0131nda fi\u011f ve korunga tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131ra&ccedil; alanlar\u0131nda korunga, baz\u0131 fi\u011f t&uuml;rleri ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir.<br \/>\nYem k&uuml;lt&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n tarla tar\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;erisinde ekim n&ouml;betinde y&uuml;ksek oranlarda yer almas\u0131yla; tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n organik i&ccedil;eri\u011finin artmas\u0131na paralel olarak topra\u011f\u0131n besleme g&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml;n y&uuml;kselmesine, erozyonla toprak kayb\u0131, g&uuml;bre kullan\u0131m girdisinin d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;lmesine, i\u015fleteme de i\u015fg&uuml;c&uuml;n&uuml;n ekonomik kullan\u0131m\u0131na, pulluk taban\u0131 (taban ta\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fumuna engel olmas\u0131), hastal\u0131k ve zarl\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011funun d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;lmesine ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan kaliteli yemi &ccedil;ok ucuz bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lamada&nbsp; &ouml;nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2.\u0130L&Ccedil;ELERE G&Ouml;RE F\u0130\u011e TARIMI VE &Uuml;RET\u0130M DUMU<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0130l genelinde, toplam 11.192 ha alanda yem bitkileri yeti\u015ftirilmektedir.Tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan yem bitkileri yonca, fi\u011f ve korungad\u0131r. Fi\u011f ekim alan\u0131 4660 ha olup, bu ekim alan\u0131ndan 393 ton tane, 6718 ton kuru ot elde edilmektedir. En fazla ekim alan\u0131 2650 ha ile Elbistan&#39;da yap\u0131lmakta, pazarc\u0131k ve &Ccedil;a\u011flayancerit&#39;te hi&ccedil; ekim yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130l&ccedil;elere G&ouml;re Fi\u011f Ekim Alan\u0131 ve &Uuml;retim Durumu\n<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\" width=\"500\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n\t\t\t\u0130l&ccedil;eler <\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"108\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tEkilen Alan (ha)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tVerim Dane (Kg\/ha)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"204\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tKald\u0131r\u0131lan &Uuml;r&uuml;n Miktar\u0131 (ton)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tDane\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tOt\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&nbsp;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tDane\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tYa\u015f ot\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tKuru ot\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tMerkez\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t50\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t800\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t1000\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t50\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;-\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t2.400\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tAf\u015fin\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t500\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t250\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tAnd\u0131r\u0131n\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t385\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t3850\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tEkin&ouml;z&uuml;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t170\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t50\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t900\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t153\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t25\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t50\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tElbistan\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t2650\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t265\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tG&ouml;ksun\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t190\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t1000\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t190\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tNurhak Pazarc\u0131k\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t108\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t45\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tT&uuml;rko\u011flu\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t27\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t108\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&Ccedil;a\u011flayancerit\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tPazarc\u0131k\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t&#8212;\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t\u0130l&ccedil;eler Toplam\u0131\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t410\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"48\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t4250\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t958\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t393\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t275\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t6718\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"127\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\tToplam\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"108\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t4660\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t958\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t393\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t275\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t6718\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n2004. Tar\u0131m \u0130l M&uuml;d&uuml;rl&uuml;\u011f&uuml; Proje&nbsp; ve \u0130statistik \u015eube M&uuml;d&uuml;rl&uuml;\u011f&uuml;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n3. F\u0130\u011e TARIMI<br \/>\nFi\u011f&#39;i tar\u0131mda kullanmay\u0131 gerektiren bir &ccedil;ok neden bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<br \/>\nYeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin kolay olmas\u0131<br \/>\nTohumlar\u0131n\u0131n ucuz olmas\u0131<br \/>\n\u0130yi bir hayvan yemi olmas\u0131 ( Ye\u015fil olarak hayvanlara verilmesinde sak\u0131nca olmamas\u0131)<br \/>\nAna ve Ara &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131<br \/>\nMuhafazas\u0131n\u0131n kolay olmas\u0131<br \/>\nKar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u015feklinde yeti\u015ftirile bilmesi<br \/>\nToprak \u0131slah\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131<br \/>\nG&uuml;bre girdisini azaltmas\u0131 <br \/>\n\u0130yi bir ekim n&ouml;beti bitkisi olmas\u0131\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>3.1. F\u0130\u011e TARIMI <br \/>\n3.2. ANA &Uuml;R&Uuml;N F\u0130\u011e TARIMI <br \/>\n<\/strong>Fi\u011f t&uuml;rleri ana &uuml;r&uuml;n olarak tane ve kuru ot &uuml;retimi amac\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilmektedir.&nbsp; Taban ve k\u0131ra&ccedil; alanlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015ftirilir. Yazl\u0131k ve k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k olarak ekilebilir. Il\u0131man iklim b&ouml;lgelerinde sonbaharda, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sert ge&ccedil;en b&ouml;lgelerde ilkbaharda ekilir. Toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;ok hassas olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek yoktur.<br \/>\nTah\u0131l i&ccedil;in yap\u0131lan toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fi\u011f ekimi i&ccedil;inde ge&ccedil;erlidir. Yazl\u0131k ekimlerde toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda derin s&uuml;r&uuml;mden ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. &nbsp;\u0130lkbahar ekimi olabildi\u011fince erken yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ekimde dekara 8-10 kg tohum yeterli olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>3.3. ARA &Uuml;R&Uuml;N F\u0130\u011e TARIMI<\/strong><br \/>\nAra &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131, \u0131l\u0131man iklime sahip b&ouml;lgelerde, pamuk-pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan yerlerde iki pamuk d&ouml;nemi aras\u0131nda bo\u015f kalan yakla\u015f\u0131k 5-6 ayl\u0131k s&uuml;rede yap\u0131lan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\n&Uuml;lkemizde pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 Ege, Akdeniz ve G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu b&ouml;lgelerinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.&nbsp; \u0130limizde Akdeniz ikliminin Etkisinde kalan kesiminde Pamuk-Pamuk tar\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak yap\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\nPamuk hasad\u0131ndan sonra tekrar pamuk ekilinceye kadar i\u015flenerek bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lan alalar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi k\u0131sa vejetasyon d&ouml;nemine sahip yem bitkilerinden fi\u011f t&uuml;rlerinin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi kolayl\u0131kla yap\u0131labilir .\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTohum &uuml;retimi i&ccedil;in 30-40 cm s\u0131ra aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, ot &uuml;retimi i&ccedil;in 15-20 cm s\u0131ra aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeterli olmaktad\u0131r.Tohum 3-4 cm derinli\u011fe d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;r&uuml;lmeli ve 4 kg N\/da, 7-8 kg P2O5 kg\/da&nbsp; g&uuml;bre kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015flardan sonra yabanc\u0131 otlarla m&uuml;cadele yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve tohum d&ouml;kme sorunu olmayan &ccedil;e\u015fitlerde tam olum d&ouml;neminde hasat yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr\/dokumanlar\/resimler\/fig_yetistirme\/clip_image004.jpg\" border=\"1\" alt=\"Resim\" width=\"313\" height=\"236\" \/><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\nAra &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131nda dikkat edilmesi gereken en &ouml;nemli husus ana &uuml;r&uuml;n bitkilerinin ekiminin geciktirilmemesidir. Bunun i&ccedil;in ara &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131nda kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yem bitkilerinin erkenci &ccedil;e\u015fitler olmas\u0131 &ouml;nemli olmaktad\u0131r. &nbsp;Bu ama&ccedil;la ekimi yap\u0131lacak fi\u011f t&uuml;rleri i&ccedil;in &ouml;zenli bir tohum yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gerek yoktur. K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k tah\u0131l ekimi i&ccedil;in haz\u0131rlanan tohum yata\u011f\u0131 fi\u011f tar\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;inde uygun olmaktad\u0131r. Tohum yata\u011f\u0131 daha &ouml;nce haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f yere kas\u0131m ay\u0131 i&ccedil;erisinde toprak tava geldi\u011finde dekara 10 kg tohum d&uuml;\u015fecek \u015fekilde ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp; Sonbaharda kas\u0131m ay\u0131 i&ccedil;erisinde ekilen ara &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;in ekimi yap\u0131lan &nbsp;fi\u011f &ccedil;e\u015fitleri mart sonu veya nisan ba\u015f\u0131nda &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bi&ccedil;ildi\u011finde normal ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2ton \/da ye\u015fil ot al\u0131nabilir. Ara &uuml;r&uuml;n fi\u011f yeti\u015ftirmeyle de topra\u011fa do\u011fal olarak 10 kg N\/da azot kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f oluruz.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>3.4. F\u0130\u011e T&Uuml;RLER\u0130N\u0130 KARI\u015eIM OLARAK YET\u0130\u015eT\u0130R\u0130ME<\/strong> <br \/>\nFi\u011f t&uuml;rleri s&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;c&uuml; habitusa sahip oldu\u011fu i&ccedil;in, dik geli\u015femezler bu y&uuml;zden toprak yo\u011fun toprak &uuml;st&uuml; aksamlar\u0131n\u0131n toprakla temas eden k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 zamanla &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;mekte ve yem kalitesi d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;rmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda hasat i\u015flemleri de zor olmakta ve kay\u0131plar daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr\/dokumanlar\/resimler\/fig_yetistirme\/clip_image006.jpg\" border=\"1\" alt=\"Fig\" width=\"500\" height=\"272\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTohum ve ottaki &nbsp;kay\u0131plar\u0131 azaltmak i&ccedil;in bir destek bitkisi ile yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131labilir. En &ccedil;ok kullan\u0131lan destek bitkisi tah\u0131llard\u0131r. Tah\u0131llardan arpa, yulaf, tritikale ve &ccedil;avdar d\u0131r. Ekim oranlar\u0131 &uuml;zerine &ccedil;ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr\/dokumanlar\/resimler\/fig_yetistirme\/clip_image008.gif\" border=\"1\" alt=\"Metin Kutusu:\" hspace=\"12\" width=\"339\" height=\"270\" align=\"left\" \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Y&ouml;re i&ccedil;in en uygun ekim oran\u0131, % 60 fi\u011f t&uuml;r&uuml;+% 40 tah\u0131l t&uuml;r&uuml;&nbsp; ve %75 fi\u011f t&uuml;r&uuml;+ %25 tah\u0131l t&uuml;r&uuml;d&uuml;r. Ekim i\u015flemleri ana &uuml;r&uuml;nde oldu\u011fu gibidir. Fi\u011f t&uuml;rlerinin, tah\u0131l t&uuml;rleriyle birlikte yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla; kaliteli &nbsp;kuru ot, ye\u015fil ot, silaj yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tamamen olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d&ouml;nede bi&ccedil;er d&ouml;ver veya di\u011fer hasat ve harman makinalar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak bol ve kaliteli dane &uuml;retimi de yap\u0131labilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr\/dokumanlar\/resimler\/fig_yetistirme\/clip_image010.jpg\" border=\"1\" alt=\"Fig2\" width=\"325\" height=\"246\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>4.SONU&Ccedil;<\/strong><br \/>\nAna &uuml;r&uuml;n olarak fi\u011f t&uuml;rleri yazl\u0131k ve k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k olarak ekilebilir. Il\u0131man iklim b&ouml;lgelerinde sonbaharda, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sert ge&ccedil;en b&ouml;lgelerde ilkbahar ekim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 &ouml;nerilmektedir. &Uuml;lkemizde tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan fi\u011f t&uuml;rleri ,adi fi\u011f, Macar fi\u011f ve t&uuml;yl&uuml; fi\u011flerden geli\u015ftirilen &ccedil;e\u015fit ve hatlar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yem bitkilerini yeti\u015ftirmedeki amac\u0131m\u0131z ne ise ona g&ouml;re ona g&ouml;re &ccedil;e\u015fitleri se&ccedil;memiz gereklidir. Ara &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131nda erkenci &ccedil;e\u015fitler se&ccedil;ilmelidir. Y&ouml;rede ara &uuml;r&uuml;n tar\u0131m\u0131na en uygun &ccedil;e\u015fit adi fi\u011fin Kubilay-82 &ccedil;e\u015fitidir. &nbsp;Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u015feklinde yeti\u015ftiricilikte fi\u011f t&uuml;rlerinin oran\u0131 y&uuml;ksek tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fi\u011f ekilen alanlar bitki besin maddelerince zenginle\u015fmektedir. Fi\u011f tar\u0131m\u0131 nadas alanlar\u0131n\u0131n daralt\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131labilir. Saf Fi\u011f ekilen alanlardan ortalama dekara 200 kg tohum, ortalama 2000 ye\u015fil ot al\u0131na bilmektedir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u015feklindeki yeti\u015ftiricilikte dekara ortalama 3000 ton ot al\u0131nabilir.Pamuktan sonra fi\u011f yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi konusunda &uuml;reticiler bilin&ccedil;lendirilmeli.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nkaynak:http:\/\/ciftci.ksu.edu.tr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yrd.Do&ccedil;.Dr. Adem EROL E-Mail: aerol@ksu.edu.tr&nbsp; Tel:0344 223 76 66 \/ 318 KS&Uuml; Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Tarla Bitkileri B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;, KAHRAMANMARA\u015e &nbsp; 1.G\u0130R\u0130\u015e &Uuml;lkemizde n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 d&uuml;nya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n bir &ccedil;o\u011fundan daha fazla olmas\u0131 , &uuml;lkelerin bir &ccedil;o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi yurdumuzda da yeterli ve dengeli beslenme sorununu ortaya &ccedil;\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. &Uuml;lkemiz insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ana besin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bitkisel k&ouml;kenli g\u0131dalar olu\u015fturmakta, hayvansal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[425],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarla-bitkileri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=335"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172996,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/335\/revisions\/172996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=335"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}