{"id":34934,"date":"2013-04-22T16:45:00","date_gmt":"2013-04-22T16:45:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:57:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:57:59","slug":"depolanmis-urun-zararlilarinda-feromonlar-ve-mucadelede-kullanim-imkanlari-34934","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/depolanmis-urun-zararlilarinda-feromonlar-ve-mucadelede-kullanim-imkanlari-34934","title":{"rendered":"Depolanm\u0131\u015f \u00dcr\u00fcn Zararl\u0131lar\u0131nda Feromonlar ve M\u00fccadelede Kullan\u0131m \u0130mk\u00e2nlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerin m&uuml;cadelesinde feromonlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 &uuml;mit var olarak g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 t&uuml;rlerin g\u0131da maddelerindeki tolerans seviyeleri genellikle s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;cekler i&ccedil;in feromon tuzaklar\u0131 y&ouml;ntemi bu zararl\u0131lar\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutma programlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par&ccedil;as\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi gibi yakalanmas\u0131 zor olan b&ouml;cekleri ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131p bulma, sanitasyon (halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma), kalite kontrol programlar\u0131, b&ouml;ceklerin biyoloji ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesinde de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Attagenus unicolor <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Brahm) (Siyah hal\u0131 b&ouml;ce\u011fi)&rsquo;un 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda feromonun tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan sonra depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;nlerdeki b&ouml;ceklerin m&uuml;cadelesinde ve pop&uuml;l&acirc;syonlar\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesinde feromonlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 &ouml;nemli bir metot haline gelmi\u015ftir. &Ouml;nemli depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 t&uuml;rlerin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n feromonlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 t&uuml;rler i&ccedil;in yeni tuzak tipleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerden 9 familyaya ait bir&ccedil;ok t&uuml;r&uuml;n feromonlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u015funlard\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trogoderma <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>spp.&rsquo;inde trogodermal izomerleri, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Attagenus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>spp.&rsquo;inde megatomoic asit izomerleri, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Rhizopertha dominica <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(F.) (Ekin kambur b&ouml;ce\u011fi)<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>ve <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Prostephanus truncatus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(G. H. Horn)<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Bostrychidae)&rsquo;da dominiculure, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Sitophilus<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> spp.&rsquo;inde sitophilure, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Lasioderma serricorne<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> (F.) (Tatl\u0131 kurt)&rsquo;de ise serricornin tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar, depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerin pop&uuml;l&acirc;syonlar\u0131n\u0131n izlenmesi ve kontrol&uuml; i&ccedil;in mevcut en &ouml;nemli feromonlard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;nlerde zararl\u0131 b&ouml;cekler, &uuml;reme stratejileri ve haberle\u015fme durumlar\u0131na g&ouml;re iki farkl\u0131 grup alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131rlar. Bunlar;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Birinci gruptaki b&ouml;ceklerde erginler k\u0131sa &ouml;m&uuml;rl&uuml;d&uuml;r (bir aydan az) ve &uuml;remenin ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fmesi i&ccedil;in beslenme gereksizdir. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, g&uuml;veler, dermestidler, bruchidler ve anobiidler bu gruba girer ve bunlar haberle\u015fmede seks feromonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar. Bu feromonlar da di\u015fi bireyler taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>\u0130kinci gruptaki b&ouml;ceklerde erginler uzun &ouml;m&uuml;rl&uuml;d&uuml;r (bir aydan fazla) ve &uuml;remeleri i&ccedil;in beslenme zorunludur. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Sitophilus<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> spp., un ve tohum coleopterleri bu gruba girer ve bunlar uzun mesafelerde haberle\u015fme i&ccedil;in erkeklerin salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplanma feromonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rlar.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>B&ouml;ceklerin bir araya gelip &ccedil;iftle\u015fmelerinde erkek veya di\u015fi bireyler taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lanan feromonlar\u0131n, bireyleri uyararak bir ileti\u015fim sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b&ouml;ylece &ccedil;iftle\u015fmenin vuku buldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. &Ccedil;o\u011fu kez, bu feromonlar, di\u015fi bireyler taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lanmakla birlikte, bazen erkekler veya her iki cinsiyetinde seks feromonu salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trogoderma <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>spp<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">.<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&rsquo;nin hem erkek ve hem de di\u015filerinin her iki cinsiyet i&ccedil;in birbirini &ccedil;ekici feromon salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak, erke\u011fe oranla di\u015filerin on kat daha fazla aktif bile\u015fik i&ccedil;erdi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Tenebrio molitor <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>L. (Un kurdu)&rsquo;de her iki cinsiyet de feromon salg\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, feromonlar\u0131n, belirli konsantrasyonlar\u0131n &uuml;zerinde olmad\u0131k&ccedil;a seks &ccedil;ekici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilmektedir. <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Erkek feromonlar\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 tiptir. Birincisi di\u015fileri cezbeder, ikincisi ise di\u015fi feromonuna di\u011fer erkeklerin tepkilerini engeller. Erkek g&uuml;velerde feromon salg\u0131lanmas\u0131 t&uuml;rlere g&ouml;re thorax, abdomen, kanat veya bacaklarda bulunan yap\u0131lardan olmaktad\u0131r. Kanatlarda bazen da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k, bazen gruplar halinde bulunan koku pullar\u0131, kanat zar\u0131ndaki bez h&uuml;creleriyle ili\u015fki halindedir. Bu bezlerin &uuml;retti\u011fi koku maddesi, bezin i&ccedil;indeki bo\u015flu\u011fu diffizyonla ge&ccedil;erek, sa&ccedil;aklardaki ufak deliklerle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 &ccedil;\u0131kar ve yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bacak ve abdomende de bu tip pullar bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Ephestia kuehniella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Zeller) (De\u011firmen g&uuml;vesi)&rsquo;n\u0131n erkeklerinin 8. abdomen segmentinin dorso-lateralinde androconia pullar bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Ephestia elutella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(H&uuml;bner) (T&uuml;t&uuml;n g&uuml;vesi)&rsquo;da genital deli\u011fin etraf\u0131nda bu tip pullar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Dermestidae t&uuml;rlerinin di\u015fileri, seks feromonlar\u0131n\u0131, elytra, anten, palpler, pronotum, metasternum ve abdomen gibi k\u0131s\u0131mlardan salg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 kaydedilmektedir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Tenebrio molitor <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>L.<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">&rsquo;<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>da feromon salg\u0131lama metathorax&rsquo;\u0131n sternum&rsquo;undan ve ilk iki anteri&ouml;r tergan\u0131n y&uuml;zeyinden oldu\u011fu ve feromon salg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n direkt olarak hormon ile kontrol edildi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Feromon alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 ise antenlerle olmaktad\u0131r. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, seks feromonlar\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerin antenlerinin u&ccedil; segmentlerindeki duyu h&uuml;creleri taraf\u0131ndan, toplanma feromonlar\u0131 ise hemen sonraki segmentlerden alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Bir t&uuml;r&uuml;n salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 feromon, bazen di\u011fer t&uuml;rler ve hatta cinsler &uuml;zerinde de tepki olu\u015fturabilmektedir. Ayn\u0131 habitatta ya\u015fayan Pyralidae familyas\u0131ndan <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Plodia interpunctella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(H&uuml;bner) (Kuru meyve g&uuml;vesi), <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cadra cautella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Walker) (\u0130ncir kurdu), <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">C. <\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal;\">figulilella<span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Greg (Kuru &uuml;z&uuml;m g&uuml;vesi),<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Ephestia elutella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(H&uuml;bner) (T&uuml;t&uuml;n g&uuml;vesi) ve<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> E. kuehniella<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> (Zeller) (De\u011firmen g&uuml;vesi) t&uuml;rlerinde seks feromonlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 yap\u0131da oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat di\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan salg\u0131lanan feromonun multiple yap\u0131da olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, ayn\u0131 habitatta g&ouml;r&uuml;len yak\u0131n t&uuml;rler aras\u0131ndaki cinsi yakla\u015fman\u0131n engellendi\u011fi ve b&ouml;ylece, se&ccedil;ici seks &ccedil;ekicili\u011finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trogoderma granarium <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Everts (Khapra b&ouml;ce\u011fi)&rsquo;un erkeklerinin <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">T. inclusum <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Le Conte ve <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">T. glabrum <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Herbst) di\u015filerinin salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 feromonla cezbedildi\u011fi, fakat <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Anthrenus vorax <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Waterhome, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Attagenus megatoma <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(F.) ve <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Dermestes maculatus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(De Geer) (Dermestidae)&rsquo;un feromonlar\u0131yla cezbedilmedi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; gibi baz\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerin salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 feromonlar baz\u0131 yak\u0131n t&uuml;rleri etkilemekle birlikte bu bir kural haline gelmemekte ve bu durum b&ouml;ceklere g&ouml;re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Fakat bir feromonun, zararl\u0131larla m&uuml;cadelede kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda daha geni\u015f bir b&ouml;cek grubunu etkilemesi istenilen bir &ouml;zelliktir.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\">Ege B&ouml;lgesindeki incirlerde incir kurtlar\u0131n\u0131n bula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n seks feromon tuzaklar\u0131yla &ouml;nlenmesi &uuml;zerine bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, 5 yem tuza\u011f\u0131 form&uuml;lasyonu ve 2 sentetik seks feromon tuza\u011f\u0131 hem tarla ve hem de laboratuar \u015fartlar\u0131nda denemeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, sonu&ccedil;ta, feromon tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;ekicilik y&ouml;n&uuml;nden yem tuzaklar\u0131ndan daha etkili oldu\u011fu, fakat bula\u015fmalar\u0131 &ouml;nleme a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan etkili olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Plodia interpunctella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(H&uuml;bner) (Kuru meyve g&uuml;vesi)<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&uuml;zerinde yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada kapal\u0131 alanlarda, erginlerin &ccedil;iftle\u015fme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sentetik seks feromonuyla azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pop&uuml;l&acirc;syon yo\u011funlu\u011funun bir metrekarede 0,1 &ccedil;iftten az oldu\u011funda zararl\u0131n\u0131n kontrol&uuml;n&uuml;n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cadra cautella<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&rsquo;da feromon sonucu &ccedil;iftle\u015fmi\u015f di\u015fi oran\u0131nda 24 saatte % 51, 48 saatte % 71 oran\u0131nda engellendi\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cadra cautella, Ephestia kuehniella, E. elutella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>ve<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Plodia interpunctella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>pop&uuml;l&acirc;syonlar\u0131n\u0131n &Ccedil;ekoslovakya&rsquo;da baz\u0131 depolarda ve g\u0131da fabrikalar\u0131nda feromon tuzaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, yo\u011funluklar\u0131 ve mevsimsel hareketleri saptanm\u0131\u015f ve kimyasal uygulama say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131ya indirilebildi\u011fi belirtilmektedir.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>Bug&uuml;n, pratikte &ouml;nerilen feromon uygulamalar\u0131 genellikle Lepidoptera t&uuml;rleri i&ccedil;indir. Ancak, Coleoptera tak\u0131m\u0131nda yer alan &ccedil;ok say\u0131da &ouml;nemli depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 t&uuml;r&uuml;n de feromonlar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 ve uygulamaya konmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cryptolestes ferrugineus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Stephens) (K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k k\u0131rma biti)&rsquo;un kapal\u0131 yerlerde feromon tuzaklar\u0131yla pop&uuml;l&acirc;syonlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda &ccedil;ok iyi sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Attagenus unicolor <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Brahm)&rsquo;un<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>erkeklerini tuzakla yakalamak i&ccedil;in, sentetik seks feromonu olan megatomic asitin 0.25 mg dozu kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 22.5 saatte erkeklerin % 50&rsquo;si yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trogoderma <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>feromonundan 2.5 mg, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Attagenus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>feromonundan 10 mg kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla erkeklerin % 70&rsquo;i yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 b&ouml;cekleri yakalamak i&ccedil;in feromonlarla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda ise daha iyi sonu&ccedil;lar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Trogoderma granarium<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&rsquo;un, &uuml;st &uuml;ste &ccedil;uvallar\u0131n y\u0131\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hububat deposunda feromonunun Z izomeri 10 mg dozunda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Rhizopertha dominica <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(F.) (Ekin kambur b&ouml;ce\u011fi)&rsquo;n\u0131n feromonu olan dominiculure 2 ve dominiculure 1, 1 : 2 oran\u0131nda yap\u0131\u015fkan tuzaklarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve doz art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla cezbedilme oran\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;lm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;r. Yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalarda, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Prostephanus truncatus <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>ve<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> R. dominica<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&rsquo;n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in etkili feromonun dominiculure 2 oldu\u011fu kaydedilmektedir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Sitophilus oryzae<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> (L.) (Pirin&ccedil; biti), <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">S. zeamais<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> Motschulsky (M\u0131s\u0131r biti) ve<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> S. granarius <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(L.) (Bu\u011fday biti)&rsquo;un<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>erkekleri taraf\u0131ndan toplanma feromonu salg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ilk iki t&uuml;r i&ccedil;in sitophilure ad\u0131 verilen feromonun &uuml;retildi\u011fi ve bu feromonun, ayn\u0131 zamanda, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">S. granarius<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>&rsquo;u da cezbetti\u011fi kaydedilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu feromon hem erkek, hem di\u015fi bireyleri cezbetmektedir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Lasioderma serricorne <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(F.) (Tatl\u0131 kurt)&rsquo;nin Japonya&rsquo;da bir sigara fabrikas\u0131nda yap\u0131\u015fkan tuzaklar\u0131n y&uuml;zeyine serricornin, cezbedici bir besin ve methyl phenylacetate s&uuml;r&uuml;lerek, &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmede ve yakalanmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve olduk&ccedil;a ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu&ccedil;lar elde edilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Tribolium castaneum <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>(Herbst) (Un biti) ve <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">T. confusum <\/span><\/em><strong>Jaqcquelin du Val<span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> (K\u0131rma biti)&rsquo;un<\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>erkeklerinin salg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplanma feromonlar\u0131, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131larla birlikte kullan\u0131larak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 yakalama sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoBodyText2\" style=\"line-height: normal; text-indent: 1cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; mso-pagination: none;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>G&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cadra cautella, Ephestia elutella, Plodia interpunctella, Phthorimaea operculella<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> (Zeller) (Patates g&uuml;vesi),<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Sitotraga cerealella<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> Olivier (Arpa g&uuml;vesi),<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Pyralis farinalis<\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong> (L.) (\u0130&ccedil; f\u0131nd\u0131k g&uuml;vesi)<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>ve<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"> Ephestia kuehniella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>gibi baz\u0131 depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 feromon tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 &ouml;nerilmektedir. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;nlerdeki g&uuml;velerin m&uuml;cadelesinde seks feromonlar\u0131ndan faydalan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Cadra cautella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>ve <\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"font-weight: normal; mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\">Plodia interpunctella <\/span><\/em><span style=\"mso-font-kerning: 8.0pt;\"><strong>i&ccedil;in feromon kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve erginlerin &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015f zamanlar\u0131 ile yo\u011funluklar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131\u015fkan tuzaklarla kitle halinde yakalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;ceklerin m&uuml;cadelesinde feromonlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 &uuml;mit var olarak g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 t&uuml;rlerin g\u0131da maddelerindeki tolerans seviyeleri genellikle s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r. Depolanm\u0131\u015f &uuml;r&uuml;n zararl\u0131s\u0131 b&ouml;cekler i&ccedil;in feromon tuzaklar\u0131 y&ouml;ntemi bu zararl\u0131lar\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutma programlar\u0131n\u0131n bir par&ccedil;as\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi gibi yakalanmas\u0131 zor olan b&ouml;cekleri ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131p bulma, sanitasyon (halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma), kalite kontrol programlar\u0131, b&ouml;ceklerin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-34934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34934","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34934"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34934\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170500,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34934\/revisions\/170500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34934"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=34934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}