{"id":3689,"date":"2007-09-27T08:25:00","date_gmt":"2007-09-27T08:25:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:25","slug":"organik-antep-fistigi-yetistiriciligi-3689","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/organik-antep-fistigi-yetistiriciligi-3689","title":{"rendered":"Organik Antep F\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>(<em>P. vera <\/em>L.)<\/strong> G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu&#39;ya yerle\u015fen Etiler taraf\u0131ndan k&uuml;lt&uuml;re al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve o &ccedil;a\u011flarda kral sofralar\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, d&uuml;nyada kuzey ve g&uuml;ney yar\u0131 k&uuml;relerinin 30-45&deg; enlemleri aras\u0131ndaki uygun mikroklimalarda yeti\u015fmektedir. &Uuml;lkemiz yak\u0131n do\u011fu gen merkezi i&ccedil;erisinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Son istatistiklere g&ouml;re antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi 56 ilimize yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, &uuml;retimimizin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 94&#39;&uuml;n&uuml; G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu b&ouml;lgemiz, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n gen merkezi ve ilk kez k&uuml;lt&uuml;re al\u0131nan yer olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, sahip oldu\u011fu kendine &ouml;zg&uuml; ekolojik &ouml;zellikleri nedeniyle, bu meyve t&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015fmesine ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131na &ouml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;k etmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi &ccedil;ok eski zamanlardan beri yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, &uuml;retim istenilen seviyede artmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fin tamamen kuru ko\u015fullarda ve &ccedil;o\u011funlukla k\u0131ra&ccedil;, ta\u015fl\u0131k ve meyilli arazilerde yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ran ve A.B.D. d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki &uuml;retici &uuml;lkelerde de yeti\u015ftirme ko\u015fullar\u0131 T&uuml;rkiye&#39;dekine benzetmektedir. \u0130ran ve A.B.D.&#39;deki yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fin tamam\u0131 sulu ko\u015fullarda ve verimli taban arazilerde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) ile yeni bir d&ouml;neme girmektedir. Sulu ko\u015fullarda antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftirme imkan\u0131 do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Mevcut tesisler yan\u0131nda, yeni kurulacak tesisler de sulanabilecektir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazlar\u0131 uzun, s\u0131cak, kurak ve k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nisbeten so\u011fuk olan b&ouml;lgelerde ekonomik olarak yeti\u015febilmektedir. Toprak iste\u011fi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ccedil;ok toleransl\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kullan\u0131lan anac\u0131n t&uuml;r&uuml;ne g&ouml;re farkl\u0131 istekleri vard\u0131r. &Ouml;teki meyve t&uuml;rlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde de b&ouml;lgenin s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve toprak durumu iyice incelendikten sonra antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 bah&ccedil;esi tesis edilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nD&Ouml;LLENME B\u0130YOLOJ\u0130S\u0130\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 dioik bir meyve t&uuml;r&uuml;d&uuml;r. Erkek ve di\u015fi &ccedil;i&ccedil;ekleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil;lar &uuml;zerinde bulunur ve tozlanma r&uuml;zgarla olur. &Ouml;teki sert kabuklu meyvelerde oldu\u011fu gibi antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da meyvenin yenilen k\u0131sm\u0131 tohumu oldu\u011fundan, meyve eldesi i&ccedil;in tozlanma ve d&ouml;llenme zorunludur. D&ouml;llenmeyen &ccedil;i&ccedil;ekler d&ouml;k&uuml;l&uuml;r veya bunlardan i&ccedil;i bo\u015f (f\u0131s) meyveler meydana gelir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla verim do\u011frudan etkilenir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenme zaman\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi ve bu zamandaki hakim r&uuml;zgar\u0131n y&ouml;n&uuml;n tozlanma i&ccedil;in &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemlidir. Erkek a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n bah&ccedil;eye yerle\u015ftirilmesinde hakim r&uuml;zgarlar\u0131n esme y&ouml;n&uuml; de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nYabani <strong><em>Pistacia<\/em><\/strong> t&uuml;rlerinin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131yla bah&ccedil;e olu\u015fturulacaksa, bu t&uuml;rlerin &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenme durumlar\u0131 g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><em>Pistacia<\/em> <\/strong>t&uuml;rlerinde &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 erkenden ge&ccedil;e do\u011fru s\u0131ras\u0131yla <strong><em>Pistacia atlantica<\/em><\/strong> (Atlantik sak\u0131z\u0131), <strong><em>P. palaestina<\/em><\/strong> (Filistin sak\u0131z\u0131), <strong><em>P.terebinthus<\/em><\/strong> (Melengi&ccedil;), <strong><em>P. vera<\/em><\/strong> (Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131) ve <strong><em>P. khinjuk<\/em><\/strong> (Buttum) \u015feklinde olmaktad\u0131r. &Ouml;zellikle antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, melengi&ccedil; ve Filistin sak\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenmeleri birbirine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Atlantik sak\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenmesi &ccedil;ok erken oldu\u011fundan antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ccedil;e\u015fitlerinin hi&ccedil; birisi ile uyum sa\u011flayamamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bah&ccedil;emizde atlantik sak\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n erkeklerini bulundurmamam\u0131z gerekmektedir. Filistin sak\u0131z\u0131 ve melengi&ccedil; erkekleri Uzun ve Halebi &ccedil;e\u015fitlerine uygun olmakta, K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve Siirt &ccedil;e\u015fitlerine ise bu t&uuml;rlerin ge&ccedil;&ccedil;i tipleri uygun olabilmektedir. Buttum erkekleri ise Ohadi &ccedil;e\u015fidi ile uyum sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Buttum erkeklerinin erkencileri k\u0131smen K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve Siirt &ccedil;e\u015fitleriyle de uyum sa\u011flayabilmektedirler.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBAH&Ccedil;E TES\u0130S\u0130\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde ana&ccedil; olarak, <strong><em>P. vera <\/em><\/strong>(antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ccedil;&ouml;\u011f&uuml;r&uuml;), <strong><em>P. khinjuk<\/em><\/strong> (buttum) ve<strong><em> P. atlantica <\/em><\/strong>(atlantik sak\u0131z\u0131) kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <strong><em>P. terebinthus <\/em><\/strong>(melengi&ccedil;) zay\u0131f ana&ccedil; &ouml;zelli\u011fi g&ouml;sterdi\u011finden, bunlarla bah&ccedil;e tesis edilmemekte, yabani melengi&ccedil;ler a\u015f\u0131lanarak k&uuml;lt&uuml;re al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBah&ccedil;ede a\u011fa&ccedil; yerleri i\u015faretlenip, buralarda &ccedil;ukurlar a&ccedil;\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra &ccedil;\u0131plak k&ouml;kl&uuml;\/t&uuml;pl&uuml; &ccedil;&ouml;\u011f&uuml;r veya a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 t&uuml;pl&uuml; fidan dikimi yap\u0131l\u0131r. &Ccedil;&ouml;\u011f&uuml;rler yerinde tuttuktan sonra a\u015f\u0131lama yap\u0131l\u0131r. Antepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131nda genellikle s&uuml;rg&uuml;n T g&ouml;z a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lama mevsimini uzatmak ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l daha fazla a\u015f\u0131 yapabilmek amac\u0131 ile durgun g&ouml;z a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, boru a\u015f\u0131s\u0131, yonga a\u015f\u0131 ve yama a\u015f\u0131da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dikim sonbahar veya ilkbaharda yap\u0131labilir. Ancak k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 &ccedil;ok sert ge&ccedil;meyen yerlerde sonbahar dikimi tercih edilmelidir. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; sonbahar dikiminde bitkilerin arazide tutma \u015fans\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dikim, &ouml;teki meyve t&uuml;rlerinde oldu\u011fu gibidir. Dikim yap\u0131l\u0131rken 8 veya 11 di\u015fi a\u011faca 1 erkek a\u011fa&ccedil; gelecek \u015fekilde ayarlama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Erkek a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n bah&ccedil;e i&ccedil;erisindeki yerleri belirlenirken, o y&ouml;renin ilkbahardaki hakim r&uuml;zgar y&ouml;n&uuml; de g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p>\nTOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nB&uuml;t&uuml;n meyve a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da bol ve kaliteli &uuml;r&uuml;n almak i&ccedil;in y\u0131ll\u0131k bak\u0131m i\u015flemlerinin zaman\u0131nda ve d&uuml;zenli olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu bak\u0131m i\u015flemlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda toprak i\u015fleme gelir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda, sulama imkan\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi gerek ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekse kurakl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 toprak i\u015fleme b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ouml;nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan hesaplamalara g&ouml;re antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k su t&uuml;ketimi 750-800 mm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Oysa &uuml;retimin % 90&#39;\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesi&#39;nde y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam ya\u011f\u0131\u015f 250-550 mm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ya sulama yapmak ya da ya\u011f\u0131\u015fla d&uuml;\u015fen suyu toprakta muhafaza etmek gerekir. Bu ama&ccedil;la da toprak i\u015fleme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toprak i\u015flemesi zaman\u0131nda ve gerekti\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde, a\u011fac\u0131n vegetatif geli\u015fmesi &ouml;nemli d&uuml;zeyde azal\u0131r, &uuml;r&uuml;n kayb\u0131 meydana gelir, i&ccedil; meyve rand\u0131man\u0131 d&uuml;\u015fer, hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n direnci azal\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nG&Uuml;BRELEME\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d&uuml;zensiz meyve verme (periyodisite) ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak &uuml;r&uuml;n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricilikte kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan &ouml;nemli sorunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Bitkinin yeterli ve dengeli beslenememesi sonucunda, bitki geli\u015fiminin tam olmamas\u0131, verim d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kl&uuml;\u011f&uuml; ve kalite bozuklu\u011fu gibi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meyve, meyve g&ouml;z&uuml; ve yaprak aras\u0131ndaki besin kullanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda meyvelerin bask\u0131n gelmesi ile tomurcuk ve yapraklar\u0131n yeterli beslenemedikleri i&ccedil;in d&ouml;k&uuml;lerek periyodisitenin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011funu, periyodisitenin beslenme ile ilgili oldu\u011funu, gelecek y\u0131l meyve verecek olan tomurcuklar\u0131n (Karag&ouml;z) &ccedil;o\u011funlukla Temmuz ve A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda d&ouml;k&uuml;ld&uuml;klerini, bu d&ouml;nemde meyve i&ccedil;inin h\u0131zl\u0131ca geli\u015fti\u011fini ve meyvenin olgunlu\u011fa do\u011fru y&ouml;neldi\u011fini; &ccedil;ekirdek ve &uuml;reme i&ccedil;g&uuml;d&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n, meyve g&ouml;zleriyle yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, meyvenin &uuml;st&uuml;n gelerek karbonhidrat kullanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 sonucu meyve g&ouml;zlerinin d&ouml;k&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml;n&uuml; belirtmektedirler. Bu nedenle antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n, topraktan yada yapraktan beslenmesi zorunlulu\u011fu ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azot t&uuml;ketimi ve topraktan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 azot miktar\u0131 &uuml;zerine yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 kg kuru meyve veren bir a\u011fac\u0131n meyveleri taraf\u0131ndan 954 g, yapraklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ise 151 g azot t&uuml;ketildi\u011fi, yapraklarda %1.8&#39;den daha az azot i&ccedil;erenlerin sarar\u0131p d&ouml;k&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml;, bu de\u011ferden daha y&uuml;ksek azot i&ccedil;erenlerin vegetasyon sonuna kadar d&ouml;k&uuml;lmedikleri belirtilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n potasyum ve fosfor noksanl\u0131k belirtileri ve giderilmeleri &uuml;zerinde yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, potasyum noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda seyrek, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k yap\u0131l\u0131, erken d&ouml;k&uuml;len sar\u0131 renkli yapraklar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu, bu yapraklardaki potasyum d&uuml;zeyinin % 0.8&#39;den az oldu\u011fu, bunlara 3 kg\/a\u011fa&ccedil; KCl verildi\u011finde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 duruma gelip, verimin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131n K (potasyum) d&uuml;zeyinin % 1.1-2.2 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nTopraktaki fazla kirece ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131nda demir noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131nda k\u0131smen noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;len &Ccedil;inko ile ilgili olarak yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, 2-3 ppm ve daha az Zn (&Ccedil;inko) i&ccedil;eren yapraklarda noksanl\u0131k belirtisi olarak ge&ccedil; uyanma, bo\u011fum aralar\u0131 ve yapraklar\u0131n k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k kalmalar\u0131 ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkli olmalar\u0131 g&ouml;sterilmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n besin kapsamlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesinde yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalarda, topraklar\u0131n organik madde ve fosfor kapsamlar\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz, potasyum i&ccedil;eri\u011finin k\u0131smen noksan oldu\u011fu, b&ouml;lge topraklar\u0131n\u0131n kire&ccedil;&ccedil;e zengin ve toprak reaksiyonunun alkali &ouml;zellikte oldu\u011fu; yaprakta ise azot, fosfor ve demir noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131nda en uygun yaprak &ouml;rne\u011fi al\u0131m zaman\u0131, meyvelere ben d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;\u011f&uuml; d&ouml;nemdir. Bu zamanda, t&uuml;m bah&ccedil;eyi temsil edecek \u015fekilde, bah&ccedil;enin yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 a\u011fac\u0131ndan ve her a\u011fac\u0131n d&ouml;rt y&ouml;n&uuml;nden omuz hizas\u0131ndaki meyvesiz dal\u0131n, y\u0131ll\u0131k s&uuml;rg&uuml;n&uuml;n&uuml;n ortas\u0131ndaki yapra\u011f\u0131, g&uuml;n&uuml;n serin saatlerinde al\u0131narak hemen analize g&ouml;nderilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKuru ko\u015fullarda antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi i&ccedil;in yapraktaki besin s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi a&ccedil;\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"4\" width=\"514\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\"><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tBesin Elementleri\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\"><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t%\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\"><strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\tBesin Elementleri\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\"><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\tppm\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tAzot (N)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t1.80-2.20\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tDemir (Fe)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t43-170\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tFosfor (P)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t0.06-0.14\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\t&Ccedil;inko (Zn)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t10-25\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tPotasyum (K)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t0.80-1.20\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tMangan (Mn)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t20-50\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tKalsiyum (Ca)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t2.20-3.70\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tBak\u0131r (Cu)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t6-90\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tMagnezyum (Mg)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t0.50-0.90\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"28%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n\t\t\tBor (B)\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"22%\" valign=\"middle\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t100-180\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAl\u0131nan yaprak &ouml;rneklerinin analiz neticeleri verilen bu s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, verilecek g&uuml;bre dozu ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit&uuml;s&uuml;&#39;nde yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fma; antepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131nda yeterli d&uuml;zeyde ve zaman\u0131nda g&uuml;brelemenin, meyve g&ouml;z&uuml; d&ouml;k&uuml;m&uuml;n&uuml; %38 oran\u0131nda azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve verimi %50 oran\u0131nda art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, meyvelerin irile\u015fti\u011fini, i&ccedil; meyve rand\u0131man\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;kseldi\u011fini ve s&uuml;rg&uuml;n geli\u015fiminin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015fti\u011fi bah&ccedil;elerin organik madde kapsamlar\u0131 genellikle d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;kt&uuml;r. Organik madde, toprak str&uuml;kt&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml; d&uuml;zelterek, di\u011fer besin elementlerinin k&ouml;kler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma kapasitesini artt\u0131r\u0131r. Organik madde kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ah\u0131r g&uuml;bresi, m&uuml;mk&uuml;nse her y\u0131l kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toprakta %2&#39;den daha az organik madde bulunmas\u0131 halinde, mutlaka organik madde uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nOrganik antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi projemizde, deneme parselinden toprak &ouml;rnekleri 0-30 ve 30-60 cm derinlikten ve yaprak &ouml;rnekleri de meyveye ben d&uuml;\u015fme d&ouml;neminde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Besin maddesi eksikliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla ah\u0131r g&uuml;bresi ve ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n ta&ccedil; izd&uuml;\u015f&uuml;m kenar\u0131na, 25-30 cm derinlikte olmak &uuml;zere, her a\u011faca 100 kg ah\u0131r g&uuml;bresi verilmi\u015ftir. Ye\u015fil g&uuml;bre olarak da dekara 6 kg fi\u011f ve 6 kg arpa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak s\u0131ra aralar\u0131na ekilmi\u015ftir. Nisan ay\u0131 sonunda bitkiler &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s&uuml;r&uuml;lerek topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBUDAMA\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nBudama, a\u011faca \u015fekil vermek, verilen \u015feklin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak a\u011fa&ccedil;ta fizyolojik dengeyi olu\u015fturarak d&uuml;zenli bir verim almak ve ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131 gen&ccedil;le\u015ftirerek bunlardan bir s&uuml;re daha verim almak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Budanmadan kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131lan antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131, &ccedil;al\u0131ms\u0131, s\u0131k dallanan, yere yak\u0131n ve makineli tar\u0131ma imkan vermeyen bir \u015fekil almaktad\u0131r. <strong><em>Pistacia<\/em> <\/strong>cinsine giren a\u011fa&ccedil;lar re&ccedil;ineli olduklar\u0131ndan, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dal kesiminden ho\u015flanmazlar. Bu nedenle ileri d&ouml;nemlerde kal\u0131n dal kesimine meydan vermemek i&ccedil;in budaman\u0131n fidan devresinde ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131nda budama genel olarak verimli y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, ya\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, zay\u0131f geli\u015fen 3-4 ya\u015fl\u0131 dal &ccedil;\u0131karma ve kuru dal seyreltme \u015feklinde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan budama a\u011fa&ccedil;ta gen&ccedil; dal geli\u015fimini te\u015fvik etmektedir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131nda &uuml;r&uuml;n 1 ya\u015fl\u0131 dallardan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan a\u011fa&ccedil; s&uuml;rg&uuml;n olu\u015fturmaya te\u015fvik edilmelidir. Bunun i&ccedil;in mutlaka her y\u0131l d&uuml;zenli budama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nSULAMA\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi kuru ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak GAP projesiyle birlikte sulama g&uuml;ndeme gelmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, genellikle ba\u015fka k&uuml;lt&uuml;r bitkilerinin yeti\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi, toprak derinli\u011fi az, ta\u015fl\u0131k, kayal\u0131k engebeli alanlarda yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n k&ouml;kleri anac\u0131n t&uuml;r&uuml;ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 5-6 m derine inebildi\u011finden, kura\u011fa dayanabilmektedir. B&ouml;lgemizde 250-550 mm olan toplam ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n &ccedil;o\u011fu, vejetasyon d&ouml;nemi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iyi bir verimin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, &ccedil;\u0131tlak oran\u0131 y&uuml;ksek, kaliteli ve dolgun meyve elde edilmesi i&ccedil;in sulaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;len periyodisitenin &ccedil;e\u015fitli teknik &ouml;nlemlerin yan\u0131nda sulamayla en aza indirilebilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda salma sulama metoduyla yap\u0131lan bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, sulaman\u0131n &ouml;zellikle normal verim y\u0131llar\u0131nda meyve miktar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve periyodisiteyi azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n verim y\u0131l\u0131nda mevsimlik su t&uuml;ketiminin ortalama 803 mm oldu\u011fu ve sulamada \u0131slat\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken derinli\u011fin 110-150 cm olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nHASTALIK VE ZARARLILARLA M&Uuml;CADELE\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKarazenk Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (<em>Septoria Pistacina<\/em> Allesh.)\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;len ve halen m&uuml;cadele edilen en &ouml;nemli hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Enfeksiyonlar ilkbaharda nisan sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru ve &ccedil;i&ccedil;eklerin d&ouml;llenmesinden sonra, meyveler k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k bu\u011fday tanesi b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;\u011f&uuml;ne ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tipik belirtileri daha &ccedil;ok yapraklarda ve k\u0131smen de meyve kabuklar\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;len siyah lekelerdir. Bu lekeler zamanla t&uuml;m yaprak y&uuml;zeyini kaplayabilir. Ve bu da yapraklar\u0131n kurumalar\u0131na ve zaman\u0131ndan &ouml;nce d&ouml;k&uuml;lmelerine neden olur. Asimilasyon organlar\u0131 zarar g&ouml;ren a\u011fa&ccedil;lar zay\u0131f d&uuml;\u015ferler ve meyve i&ccedil;leri geli\u015femedi\u011finden verim azal\u0131r. Yaprak ve meyvelerdeki zarar, a\u011fac\u0131 zay\u0131f d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;rerek gelecek y\u0131llardaki &uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Epidemi y\u0131llar\u0131nda a\u011fa&ccedil;lar birka&ccedil; y\u0131l &uuml;r&uuml;n vermezler. Yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalarda hastal\u0131k \u015fiddetine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak &uuml;r&uuml;nde %3-100 kay\u0131p oldu\u011fu belirlenmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nSonbaharda hasattan sonra yere d&ouml;k&uuml;len yapraklar hemen toplan\u0131p yok edilmelidir. Bu i\u015flem toplanan yapraklar\u0131n bir yerde yak\u0131lmas\u0131 veya derince g&ouml;m&uuml;lmesi \u015feklinde uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKimyasal m&uuml;cadelesinde bak\u0131rl\u0131 preparatlar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk ila&ccedil;lama &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek d&ouml;k&uuml;m&uuml;nden sonra, meyvelerin bu\u011fday danesi ile mercimek danesi kadar oldu\u011fu d&ouml;nemde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Birinci ila&ccedil;lama, sigorta ila&ccedil;lamas\u0131 olup hastal\u0131k etmeni g&ouml;r&uuml;lmeden mutlaka yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<strong> <\/strong>May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge&ccedil;ti\u011fi y\u0131llarda birinci ila&ccedil;lamadan 15 g&uuml;n sonra ikinci ila&ccedil;lama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Zararl\u0131lar\u0131\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nG&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesi antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda bu g&uuml;ne kadar yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu 42 adet zararl\u0131 b&ouml;cek ve akar t&uuml;r&uuml; belirlenmi\u015ftir. Belirlenen t&uuml;rler i&ccedil;inde f\u0131st\u0131k beyaz kabuklu biti <strong>(<em>Sturaspis pistaciae<\/em> Lind.)<\/strong>, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fnili <strong>(<em>Eulecanium rugulosum<\/em> sh.)<\/strong>, \u015f\u0131ral\u0131 zenk <strong>(<em>\u0130diocerinus stali<\/em> Fieb.)<\/strong>, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 psillidi <strong>(<em>Agonoscena pistaciae<\/em> Burck. and Laut)<\/strong>, f\u0131st\u0131k karag&ouml;z kurdu <strong>(<em>Hylesinus vestitus<\/em> M.R.)<\/strong>, fidan dipkurdu <strong>(<em>Capnodis<\/em> spp.)<\/strong>,<strong> <\/strong>f\u0131st\u0131k dal g&uuml;vesi <strong>(<em>Kermania pistaciella <\/em>Ams.)<\/strong>, f\u0131st\u0131k g&ouml;zkurdu <strong>(<em>Thaumetopoea solitaria <\/em>F.)<\/strong>, f\u0131st\u0131k i&ccedil; g&uuml;vesi <strong>(<em>Recurvaria pistaciicola<\/em> Danil.)<\/strong> ve antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 meyve i&ccedil; kurdu <strong>(<em>Megastigmus pistaciae<\/em> Walk.)<\/strong> gibi zararl\u0131lar ekonomik anlamda zarar yapan ve m&uuml;cadele edilmesi gereken zararl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit&uuml;s&uuml;&#39;nce y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len Organik Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi projesi kapsam\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan baz\u0131 zararl\u0131lar\u0131n organik m&uuml;cadelesi konusunda &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dal G&uuml;vesi (<em>Kermania pistacella<\/em> Ams.<strong>)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Ams.<strong>)<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nDal g&uuml;vesi antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir y\u0131ll\u0131k s&uuml;rg&uuml;nlere zarar vermekte, larvalar s&uuml;rg&uuml;n ucundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru beslenmekte ve dallarda bulunan iletim demetlerine zarar vermektedirler. Zarara u\u011frayan dallarda yapraklar vaktinden &ouml;nce d&ouml;k&uuml;lmekte, yapraklar\u0131n d&ouml;k&uuml;lmesiyle birlikte meyve ve s&uuml;rg&uuml;n g&ouml;zleri de d&ouml;k&uuml;lmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca larvalar meyve salk\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ucundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru beslenmekte ve meyvelerin k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k kalmas\u0131na, i&ccedil;inin bo\u015f olmas\u0131na, yani k&ouml;r cumbalar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131rlar.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nDal g&uuml;vesine kar\u015f\u0131 Kahramanmara\u015f S&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; \u0130mam &Uuml;niversitesi Bitki Koruma B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;, Kanada Simon Phrezer &Uuml;niversitesi ve Enstit&uuml;m&uuml;zce ortak y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len dal g&uuml;vesine kar\u015f\u0131 feromon geli\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmada, proje sonucu elde edilen feromon organik antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 projesi alan\u0131na, <em>Meeting Disruption<\/em> ama&ccedil;l\u0131 gran&uuml;ller \u015feklinde p&uuml;lverize edilmi\u015ftir. Feromonun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alana ve kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alana feromon tuzaklar\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, organik tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda tuzaklara yakalanan toplam birey say\u0131s\u0131, uygulaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanda yakalanan birey say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n &frac14;&#39;&uuml; kadar olmu\u015ftur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nOrganik tar\u0131m projesi alan\u0131nda g&ouml;z kurdu <strong>(Thaumetopoea soliteria F.) <\/strong>yumurta paketi ve larvalar\u0131na rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pisillidi (<em>Agonoscena<\/em> spp.)\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nNimfleri yaprakta bitki &ouml;z suyu ile beslenmekte ve yapraklar\u0131n sarararak erken d&ouml;k&uuml;lmesine sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucu olarak g&ouml;zlerde d&ouml;k&uuml;lmeler meydana gelmektedir. Zararl\u0131 &ouml;zellikle yeni kurulan plantasyonlarda daha da b&uuml;y&uuml;k zararlar meydana getirmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nB&ouml;lgemizde antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemli bir zararl\u0131s\u0131 olan Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yaprak Psillas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, 100 litre suya 3 kg arap sabunu ve 1.5 litre mavi ispirto kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak a\u011fa&ccedil;lara uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve tek uygulamadan olumlu sonu&ccedil; al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zararl\u0131 ile ilgili takibe May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve haftal\u0131k kontroller yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan g&ouml;zlemler sonucu zararl\u0131n\u0131n nimflerine Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda rastlanm\u0131\u015f ve Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru populasyonda art\u0131\u015f fazla oldu\u011fu i&ccedil;in ilk m&uuml;cadele yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M&uuml;cadelede 100 litre suya 2 kg Arap sabunu ve 1 litre Mavi ispirto kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f toplam 2 ton su ile ila&ccedil;lama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk m&uuml;cadelede istenilen sonu&ccedil; al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f bir sonraki hafta ikinci ila&ccedil;lama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 3 kg arap sabununa 1,5 litre mavi ispirto kat\u0131larak ila&ccedil;lama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra 100 yaprakta yap\u0131lan say\u0131mda psylla oran\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik zarar e\u015fi\u011finin alt\u0131na d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;\u011f&uuml; g&ouml;r&uuml;lm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;r. Ayr\u0131ca 100 lt suya 300 gr 80 WP k&uuml;k&uuml;rt uygulamas\u0131ndan da olumlu sonu&ccedil; al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nCampylomma lindbergi\n<\/p>\n<p><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nCampylomma nimfleri erken d&ouml;nemlerde g&ouml;zler patlad\u0131ktan sonra &ccedil;i&ccedil;ek salk\u0131mlar\u0131nda zarar yapmakta ve salk\u0131mlar\u0131n so\u011fuktan zarar g&ouml;rm&uuml;\u015f gibi d&ouml;k&uuml;lmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Zarar oran\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeye y&ouml;nelik herhangi bir &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmaya rastlanmamakla birlikte C. lindbergi&#39;nin ergin populasyon takibinde, erginlerin 15 may\u0131s tarihinde maksimum d&uuml;zeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca psyllan\u0131n do\u011fal d&uuml;\u015fman\u0131 olarak literat&uuml;rlerde yer almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n psylla &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015f d&ouml;neminde ve psylla yo\u011funlu\u011funun ekonomik zarar e\u015fi\u011fine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d&ouml;neme kadar olan zaman dilimi i&ccedil;ersinde de C. Lindbergi&#39;ye rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nAntepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karag&ouml;z Kurdu (<em>Hylesinus vestitus<\/em>)<em> <\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong>Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 karag&ouml;z kurdu, antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131na beslenme zarar\u0131 ve &uuml;reme zarar\u0131 olmak &uuml;zere 2 \u015fekilde zarar vermektedir. May\u0131s ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda &ccedil;\u0131kan erginler, bah&ccedil;elerdeki a\u011fa&ccedil;lara da\u011f\u0131larak, s&uuml;rg&uuml;n ve meyve g&ouml;zlerinin diplerinde beslenirler. Bu beslenme sonucu olu\u015fan 2-4 cm. uzunlu\u011fundaki galeriler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla meyve g&ouml;zleri kurur ve d&ouml;k&uuml;l&uuml;r. Zararl\u0131, bir y\u0131l sonra &uuml;r&uuml;n verebilecek sa\u011flam g&ouml;zleri tercih eder. Bir ergin, 8-10 karag&ouml;z&uuml; veya birka&ccedil; s&uuml;rg&uuml;n&uuml; tahrip edebilir. &Uuml;reme s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki zarar\u0131; k\u0131\u015flaktan &ccedil;\u0131kan erginlerin kurumu\u015f veya kurumaya y&uuml;z tutmu\u015f zay\u0131f a\u011fa&ccedil;lar\u0131n dal ve g&ouml;vdelerinde, kabuk altlar\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 yumurtalardan &ccedil;\u0131kan gen&ccedil; larvalar, bu a\u011fa&ccedil;larda galeri a&ccedil;arak iletim kanallar\u0131n\u0131 tahrip eder ve kurumalar\u0131na neden olur. Ayr\u0131ca larva ve pupa d&ouml;nemlerini tamamlayan bireylerin, ergin olduktan sonra kabu\u011fu delerek &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131yla da kabu\u011fun delik de\u015fik bir hal almas\u0131 sonucu kurumay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ekolojik tar\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda zararl\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;reme davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurarak budama mevsimi olan ekim ay\u0131 sonu kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131na kadar budama art\u0131klar\u0131ndan tuzak dallar olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve bah&ccedil;edeki her 10 a\u011fa&ccedil;tan bir tanesine bu dallar b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nisan ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda ilk tala\u015f &ccedil;\u0131karman\u0131n g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; d&ouml;nemde toplanan kuru dallar bah&ccedil;eden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nANTEPFISTI\u011eINDA HASAT\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasad\u0131 elle yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hasat d&ouml;nemi ba\u015flamadan ilk &ouml;nce a\u011fa&ccedil; altlar\u0131 temizlenir. Toprak bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, bu \u015fekilde yere d&uuml;\u015fen meyvelerin zarar g&ouml;rmeleri &ouml;nlenir. Hasat esnas\u0131nda &ouml;nce yere d&uuml;\u015fen meyveler toplan\u0131r sonra a\u011fa&ccedil; alt\u0131na bez &ouml;rt&uuml;ler serilir, &uuml;&ccedil; ayak merdivenler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile hasat yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hasat edilen meyvelerin ay\u0131klan\u0131p, kurutuldu\u011fu yerlere sergi yerleri denilmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&Uuml;lkemizde hasat edilen meyveler sergi yerlerinde ay\u0131klan\u0131p, kurutulmaktad\u0131r. Sergi yerleri genellikle antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 bah&ccedil;elerinin i&ccedil;erisinde olur. Meyveler burada g&uuml;ne\u015fte kurutulur. Uygun hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda 3-4 g&uuml;nde antepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n nem oran\u0131 % 3-5&#39;e d&uuml;\u015fmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nSergi yerlerinde kurutma esnas\u0131nda, meyvelerin toprakla temas\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi i&ccedil;in kurutulacak f\u0131st\u0131klar mutlaka uygun bir bez &uuml;zerine serilmelidir. Kurutma i\u015flemi &uuml;r&uuml;n kalitesini do\u011frudan etkiler. Sergi yerlerinde kurutmaya al\u0131nan antepf\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, serim kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 3-5 cm&#39;yi ge&ccedil;memelidir. \u0130yi ve homojen bir kurutma sa\u011flamak i&ccedil;in, yava\u015f&ccedil;a kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma esnas\u0131nda meyvenin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kabu\u011funa zarar verilmemelidir. Kurutulan f\u0131st\u0131klar, eleme ve boylama i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra j&uuml;t &ccedil;uvallara konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\nKaynak : tedgem.gov.tr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 (P. vera L.) G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu&#39;ya yerle\u015fen Etiler taraf\u0131ndan k&uuml;lt&uuml;re al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve o &ccedil;a\u011flarda kral sofralar\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131, d&uuml;nyada kuzey ve g&uuml;ney yar\u0131 k&uuml;relerinin 30-45&deg; enlemleri aras\u0131ndaki uygun mikroklimalarda yeti\u015fmektedir. &Uuml;lkemiz yak\u0131n do\u011fu gen merkezi i&ccedil;erisinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Son istatistiklere g&ouml;re antepf\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi 56 ilimize yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, &uuml;retimimizin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 94&#39;&uuml;n&uuml; G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[413],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-3689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-organik-tarim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3689"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3689\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171694,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3689\/revisions\/171694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3689"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=3689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}