{"id":3760,"date":"2007-10-01T08:09:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-01T08:09:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:24","slug":"karayollarinda-trafik-guvenligi-bitkisel-tasarim-iliskisi-3760","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/karayollarinda-trafik-guvenligi-bitkisel-tasarim-iliskisi-3760","title":{"rendered":"KARAYOLLARINDA TRAF\u0130K G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130 &#8211; B\u0130TK\u0130SEL TASARIM  \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\nB&uuml;t&uuml;n d&uuml;nyada oldu\u011fu gibi &uuml;lkemizde de karayolu yap\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zla s&uuml;rmektedir. D&uuml;nya n&uuml;fusunun artmas\u0131 ve teknolojik geli\u015fme toplum yap\u0131s\u0131nda ekonomik, sosyal de\u011fi\u015fmelere neden olarak b&uuml;y&uuml;k kentleri ve metropolleri birbirine ba\u011flayan karayollar\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Uuml;lkemizde de son y\u0131llarda end&uuml;striyel ve teknik geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t miktar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n di\u011fer ula\u015f\u0131m ara&ccedil;lar\u0131na g&ouml;re daha fazla olmas\u0131, y&uuml;ksek standartl\u0131 yol yap\u0131m\u0131na ge&ccedil;ilmesi karayollar\u0131n\u0131 &ouml;n plana &ccedil;\u0131kartmaktad\u0131r (Peker, 1988).\n<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>\nG&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde yollar, insan ile do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin en etkili peyzaj eleman\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar ancak ula\u015f\u0131labilen yerlerdeki peyzaja ait de\u011ferleri g&ouml;rebilir ve tan\u0131yabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; do\u011fa &uuml;zerinde en fazla ve olumsuz etki yapan m&uuml;hendislik yap\u0131lar\u0131 da yine karayollar\u0131d\u0131r (Tanr\u0131verdi, 1973).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nH\u0131zl\u0131 kentle\u015fme, n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, end&uuml;strile\u015fme, ticaret ve tar\u0131m konular\u0131ndaki &ouml;nemli say\u0131labilecek ilerlemeler, karayolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n giderek h\u0131zl\u0131, konforlu ve g&uuml;venli bir bi&ccedil;imde y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmesini gerektirmektedir. Bir karayolu tesisinden veya yak\u0131n &ccedil;evresindeki olumsuz fakt&ouml;rlerden kaynaklanabilecek g&ouml;rsel ve ekolojik k&ouml;kenli sorunlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda, peyzaj mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bitkisel tasar\u0131m prensiplerine uygun a\u011fa&ccedil;, &ccedil;al\u0131, &ccedil;im bitkisi kullan\u0131m\u0131 b&uuml;y&uuml;k rol oynamaktad\u0131r. Uygun bitkilendirme ile hem yol ve &ccedil;evresinin estetik a&ccedil;\u0131dan g&ouml;rsel kalitesi artt\u0131r\u0131labilir, hem de fonksiyonel a&ccedil;\u0131dan in\u015faat tekni\u011fi, trafik tekni\u011fi gibi hayati &ouml;nem ta\u015f\u0131yan konularda &ouml;nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flanabilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, karayollar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal peyzaj &uuml;zerindeki tahriplerinin ve trafik g&uuml;venli\u011fi a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda bitkisel&nbsp; tasar\u0131m &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemine de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>MATERYAL<\/h1>\n<p>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n materyalini, &ouml;zellikle &uuml;lkemizde ula\u015f\u0131m sistemleri i&ccedil;erisinde yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &ouml;nemli bir paya sahip olan karayollar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ayr\u0131ca, karayollar\u0131 peyzaj planlama &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda bitkisel tasar\u0131m &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ilgili yerli ve yabanc\u0131 literat&uuml;rler materyal olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>METOD<\/h1>\n<p>\nAra\u015ft\u0131rma metodu de\u011fi\u015fik a\u015famalardan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Birinci a\u015famada, karayollar\u0131n\u0131n tesisi sonras\u0131nda do\u011fal peyzajda olu\u015fan tahripler, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 literat&uuml;rler taranarak belirtilmeye &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci a\u015famada, karayolu peyzaj planlama &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki bitkisel tasar\u0131m\u0131n &ouml;nemi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son a\u015famada ise karayollar\u0131n\u0131n tesisinden kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonel &ouml;zellikleri dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle &ccedil;e\u015fitli &ouml;neriler getirilmeye &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>SONU&Ccedil;LAR VE &Ouml;NER\u0130LER<\/h1>\n<p>\nUla\u015f\u0131m sekt&ouml;r&uuml;ndeki ak\u0131l almaz geli\u015fmeler trafik y&uuml;k&uuml;n&uuml; olduk&ccedil;a fazla art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu art\u0131\u015fla birlikte &ccedil;evre tahrip edilmi\u015f, do\u011fal denge bozulmu\u015f, do\u011fan\u0131n vazge&ccedil;ilmez bir par&ccedil;as\u0131 olan insan da bu olumsuzluklardan pay\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karayolu, soyut bir kavram olmay\u0131p, &ccedil;evresi ve kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile bir b&uuml;t&uuml;n olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. &Ouml;zellikle yol, bulundu\u011fu konum itibariyle do\u011fayla s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i&ccedil;erisindedir. Di\u011fer yandan, sosyo &#8211; k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel ve sosyo &#8211; ekonomik&nbsp; &ouml;zellikleri ile de insan ya\u015fam\u0131nda &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemli bir yere sahiptir. Karayolu, kendine &ouml;zg&uuml; bir arazi kullan\u0131m bi&ccedil;imi olarak, tesis edildi\u011fi &ccedil;evrenin do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yerle\u015fim ve yap\u0131 g&ouml;sterir (Bayraktar, 1984). Bu&nbsp; nedenle, karayolu planlamas\u0131 ve tasar\u0131m\u0131 pek &ccedil;ok fakt&ouml;r&uuml; i&ccedil;eren &ccedil;ok y&ouml;nl&uuml; ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131 sergilemektedir. Bu karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131n\u0131n rasyonel \u015fekilde giderilmesinde de\u011fi\u015fik meslek disiplinlerinin ortakla\u015fa &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 &ouml;nem arz etmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTrafik kazalar\u0131na, trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yeni Trafik Kanunu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na daha geni\u015f bir &ccedil;er&ccedil;evede bakmak ve &uuml;lkenin ula\u015f\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131, bu konudaki tercihleri ve aksakl\u0131klar\u0131, objektif bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmek, tart\u0131\u015fmak ve baz\u0131 \u015feylerin neden hala sorun olmaya devam etti\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, bunlar\u0131n &uuml;zerinde durmak, &ccedil;evre y&ouml;n&uuml;nden de, sa\u011fl\u0131k, huzur, g&uuml;venlik ve ekonomi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden de b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ouml;nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r (Anon., 1997).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKarayollar\u0131n\u0131n arazide en fazla g&ouml;ze &ccedil;arpan yap\u0131sal elemanlar olmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n hem estetik a&ccedil;\u0131dan hem de in\u015faat tekni\u011fi ve trafik tekni\u011fi a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan bitkisel materyal ile donat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sayede &ccedil;evre kalitesinin geli\u015ftirilmesi, ara&ccedil; s&uuml;r&uuml;c&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n g&uuml;venli\u011fi ve konforu sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Bu ama&ccedil;la, karayollar\u0131n\u0131n bitkilendirme &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na yolun planlanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda yer verilmeli ve bitkilendirme faaliyetleri yolun yap\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmelidir.&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKarayolu a\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rmas\u0131 yol boyunca seyahat edenlere g&uuml;zel bir perspektif i&ccedil;inden ge&ccedil;me imkan\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir ye\u015fillendirme sisteminin planlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Karayolu a\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma planlar\u0131 yolun in\u015faat plan\u0131 ile birlikte d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;n&uuml;lerek in\u015faat tekni\u011finin getirdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fikliklere g&ouml;re de\u011ferlendirilerek planlan\u0131r. G&uuml;zergah boyunca de\u011fi\u015fen toprak tipleri, sanat yap\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011fa&ccedil; ve &ccedil;al\u0131lar birbirleri ve &ccedil;evre peyzaj\u0131 ile uygun bir ahenk meydana getirecek \u015fekilde d&uuml;zenlenir. Bitki materyalinin tespitinde yolun karakteri, takip etti\u011fi g&uuml;zergah, yol geni\u015fli\u011fi ve trafik tekni\u011fi b&uuml;y&uuml;k rol oynar (Tanr\u0131verdi, 1987).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Yol A\u011fa&ccedil; ve &Ccedil;al\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Vazife Ve Fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u0130n\u015faat tekni\u011fi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden vazifeleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. Topra\u011f\u0131n stabilizasyonu\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Heyelan ve kaymalara mani olma\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. Kar siperi\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. &Ccedil;\u0131\u011f, kaya u&ccedil;mas\u0131 ve ta\u015f d&uuml;\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131 siper\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2. Trafik tekni\u011fi y&ouml;n&uuml;nden vazifeleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. Yolun iyi bir g&ouml;r&uuml;\u015f hatt\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 (optik sevk)\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Far \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 perde\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. Kaza ve yan\u0131lmalar\u0131 engellemek veya hafifletmek\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. R&uuml;zgar siperi\n<\/p>\n<p>\ne. G&ouml;r&uuml;\u015f hududu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmak istenen objelerin gizlenmesi\n<\/p>\n<p>\nf. G&uuml;r&uuml;lt&uuml; ve toza kar\u015f\u0131 perde\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3. Peyzaj i&ccedil;indeki vazifeleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. Yeniden ye\u015fil bir &ccedil;evrenin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Yol g&uuml;zergah\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fik peyzaj &uuml;nitelerinin birbirlerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. Birle\u015ftirme, de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve yeni bir peyzaj motifi te\u015fkil etme\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4. Biyolojik vazifeleri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. Yaban hayat\u0131n\u0131 koruma&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Ar\u0131lar i&ccedil;in flora temini\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c. K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k mikroklima te\u015fkili ( Tanr\u0131verdi, 1973).\n<\/p>\n<h2>KAYNAKLAR<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnonim, 1997. Ula\u015f\u0131m Politikam\u0131z Her Y&ouml;n&uuml;yle Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;evre, T&uuml;rkiye &Ccedil;evre Vakf\u0131 Haber B&uuml;lteni, Say\u0131:73, 4s., Ankara.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBayraktar, A., 1984. Karayollar\u0131ndan Kaynaklanan &Ccedil;evre Sorunlar\u0131 ve &Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m &Ouml;nerileri. &Ccedil;evre&#39; 84. V. T&uuml;rk-Alman &Ccedil;evre M&uuml;hendisli\u011fi Sempozyumu, 11-16 Haziran 1984, 28-32s., \u0130zmir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPeker, T., 1988. &Uuml;lkemiz Karayollar\u0131nda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Morfolojij Sorunlar ve Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan Al\u0131nacak &Ouml;nlemler. A.&Uuml;. Fen Bilimleri Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Y&uuml;ksek Lisans Tezi, 156s., Ankara.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTanr\u0131verdi, F., 1973. Karayollar\u0131 A\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma Rehberi (Lorenz&#39;den &ccedil;eviri). Atat&uuml;rk &Uuml;niversitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Bah&ccedil;e Mimarisi ve A\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma K&uuml;rs&uuml;s&uuml;, 67s., Erzurum.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTanr\u0131verdi, F., 1987. Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bah&ccedil;e Sanat\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u0130lkeleri ve Uygulama Metodlar\u0131. Atat&uuml;rk &Uuml;niversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No: 643, Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No: 291, 367s, Erzurum.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>THE TRAFFIC SECUR\u0130TY IN HIGHWAYS &#8211; THE CONNECTION WITH THE PLANTING DESIGN<\/h1>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>KELK\u0130T Abdullah<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&Ccedil;anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Landscape Architecture Department&nbsp; 17100 &#8211; &Ccedil;anakkale Tlf: 286.2128818 \/ 1279&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fax: 286.2136738&nbsp; E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:a_kelkit@yahoo.com\">a_kelkit@yahoo.com<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>KEYWORDS: Planting Design, Highway, Landscape Architecture<\/h1>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h2>INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\n<p>\nIn our country, the highway construction is in continues as it happen in the whole world. The increasing of the world population and the technological developments, causing the economic and social changings on the society structure, increase the importance of the highways, that connect the large cities and metropols to each other. Also in our country the higher increase on the motorized vehicle numbers via the industrial and technical developments in recent days, compare to the other transportation vehicles and the quick construction of the very high standard roads cause the highways to bring into the forward (Peker,1988).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn this days,&nbsp; the roads are the most influential landscape materials of the connection among the environment and human. The people only can see and know the values belongs to the landscape, placed in the areas, that can be reached. In contrast to this; the engineering constructions, that can effect mostly and negatively the environment, are highways (Tanr\u0131verdi,1973).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe very quick urbanization, the increasing on the population, the industrialization, the important developments on the trade and agriculture subject require the highway transportation is carried out in the more quick, comfortable and more security conditions. In the reducing of the visual and ecologic originated problems, caused by the highway establishment or by the negative factors in the close by area, the using of the trees, bushes and the lawns, suitable to the landscape architecture plant design principles play an important role with the suitable plantation, both the visual quality of the road and the environment can be increased from the aesthetic side and also the very important contributions can be made in the very important subject of the construction technique and traffic technique from the functional sides.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn this research; the importance of the plant design, on the reducing of the problems, occurred from the traffic security side and on the reducing of the destructions on the natural landscape, caused by the highways, were told.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>MATER\u0130ALS <\/h1>\n<p>\nThe highways, with having an important share in the passenger travelling in especially our country constitute this studies&#39; material. In this study also, the native and foreign literatures, related to planting design within the highways&#39; landscape planning studies, were used as a materials.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>METHOD <\/h1>\n<p>\nThe method of this study constitutes from the different steps. In the first step, the destructions, occurred in the natural landscape after the construction of the highway establishment were introduced with searching of the native and foreign literatures. In the second step, the importance of the planting design within the highways&#39; landscape planning studies were emphasised. In the last step, some suggestions, in the reducing of the problems, occurred by the construction of the highways establishment, with taking an attention to the aesthetic and functional of the plants, were made.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h1>RESULTS AND SUGGEST\u0130ONS<\/h1>\n<p>\nThe huge developments on the transportation sectors cause to the increasing on the traffic. The nature was destructed, the natural balance was destroyed with this increasing and the person, being an unquitted piece of the nature, got its share from these negativeness. The highway forms a complex with its surroundings and its users. Especially the road has a close relationship with the nature because of its situation. From the other side, the road has a very important position in the humans&#39; life with the its social &#8211; cultural and social &#8211; economic characteristics. The highway shows a contrary settlement and construction in to the found surrounding nature with its unique way of the land using (Bayraktar,1984). Because of this, the planning and the proposal of the highways display a complex structure with having several aspects including a lot of factors. In the rational elimination of this complexity, the collective studies by multidisciplines of different jobs are important.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPaying an attention to the traffic accidents, to the traffic jam and to the new traffic act from the widened windows, the objective evaluation in the transportation politics of our country, in the preferres and defects on this subject, the discussion and the searching why the somethings are still accepted as a problem have an importance from the nature, health, peace, safety and economic sides (Anon., 1997).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nThe highways with getting the most attention as a building materials in the land force them to decorate with plant materials from the both aesthetic and construction and traffic techniques side. With this, the development of the surroundings quality, the security and comfort of the driver will be obtained. With this aim, the plantation studies of the highways should be carried out in the planning step of the roads and these plantation activities should be continued with the construction of the roads together.&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h2>The highway plantation is that the planning and practising of the green system, that provide a journey in a good perspective a long the road , to the travelers. The tree plantation plans in the highways,&nbsp; has been thought with the construction plans of the road together and evaluated and planned according to changings, caused by the construction techniques. The soil types, art structures, trees and bushes, changes along the route, are arranged as forming a suitable harmony with together and environment landscape. In a determination of the plant materials, the road character, the route, the road wideness and the traffic technique play an important role (Tanr\u0131verdi, 1987).<\/h2>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h3>The Functions and duties of the road trees and bushes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>1. The duties on the basis of the construction techniques<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. The stabilization of the soil\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. The prevention of the landslide\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. The snow fence\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. The shield against to avalanche and rock fallings\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>2. The duties from the traffic technique side<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. Having a good side line by the road\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Acting as a veil against to head lights\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. The prevention and lighten of the accidents and misleadings\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. Acting as a wind fence\n<\/p>\n<p>\ne. The hiding of the objects, wanted to put on the outside of the sight border\n<\/p>\n<p>\nf. Acting as a veil against to the noise and dust\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3. The duties within the landscape<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. The reforming of the green environment\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. The connection of the different landscape units, placed on the road route\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. The connections, changings and the formation of the new landscape motif\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4. The biological duties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\na. The protection of the wildlife\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. The providing of the flora for the bees\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. The formation of the small microclimate (Tanr\u0131verdi, 1973).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<h2>REFERENCES<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnonymous, 1997. Ula\u015f\u0131m Politikam\u0131z Her Y&ouml;n&uuml;yle Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;evre, T&uuml;rkiye &Ccedil;evre Vakf\u0131 Haber B&uuml;lteni, Say\u0131:73, 4s., Ankara.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBayraktar, A., 1984. Karayollar\u0131ndan Kaynaklanan &Ccedil;evre Sorunlar\u0131 ve &Ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m &Ouml;nerileri. &Ccedil;evre&#39; 84. V. T&uuml;rk-Alman &Ccedil;evre M&uuml;hendisli\u011fi Sempozyumu, 11-16 Haziran 1984, 28-32s., \u0130zmir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPeker, T., 1988. &Uuml;lkemiz Karayollar\u0131nda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Morfolojij Sorunlar ve Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan Al\u0131nacak &Ouml;nlemler. A.&Uuml;. Fen Bilimleri Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ana Bilim Dal\u0131 Y&uuml;ksek Lisans Tezi, 156s., Ankara.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTanr\u0131verdi, F., 1973. Karayollar\u0131 A\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma Rehberi (Lorenz&#39;den &ccedil;eviri). Atat&uuml;rk &Uuml;niversitesi Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Bah&ccedil;e Mimarisi ve A\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma K&uuml;rs&uuml;s&uuml;, 67s., Erzurum.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTanr\u0131verdi, F., 1987. Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bah&ccedil;e Sanat\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u0130lkeleri ve Uygulama Metodlar\u0131. Atat&uuml;rk &Uuml;niversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No: 643, Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 No: 291, 367s, Erzurum.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAbdullah KELK\u0130T\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&Ccedil;OM&Uuml; Ziraat Fak&uuml;ltesi Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml; 17100 &#8211; &Ccedil;anakkale\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTlf: 286.2128818 \/ 1279&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fax: 286.2136738&nbsp; E-mail: a_kelkit@yahoo.com\n<\/p>\n<p>\nANAHTAR KEL\u0130MELER: Bitkisel Tasar\u0131m, Karayolu, Peyzaj Mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B&uuml;t&uuml;n d&uuml;nyada oldu\u011fu gibi &uuml;lkemizde de karayolu yap\u0131m\u0131 h\u0131zla s&uuml;rmektedir. D&uuml;nya n&uuml;fusunun artmas\u0131 ve teknolojik geli\u015fme toplum yap\u0131s\u0131nda ekonomik, sosyal de\u011fi\u015fmelere neden olarak b&uuml;y&uuml;k kentleri ve metropolleri birbirine ba\u011flayan karayollar\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &Uuml;lkemizde de son y\u0131llarda end&uuml;striyel ve teknik geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t miktar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n di\u011fer ula\u015f\u0131m ara&ccedil;lar\u0131na g&ouml;re daha fazla olmas\u0131, y&uuml;ksek standartl\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[406],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-3760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-peyzaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171667,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3760\/revisions\/171667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3760"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=3760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}