{"id":3827,"date":"2007-10-04T12:32:00","date_gmt":"2007-10-04T12:32:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:09","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:09","slug":"sigirciligin-genel-durumu-3827","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/sigirciligin-genel-durumu-3827","title":{"rendered":"SI\u011eIRCILI\u011eIN GENEL DURUMU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&uuml;nya&#39;da artan hayvansal &uuml;r&uuml;n talebinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda yurdumuzun konumu, arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k potansiyeli b&uuml;y&uuml;k avantajlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ccedil;ok zengin olan &uuml;lkemizin, hayvan ba\u015f\u0131na verim y&ouml;n&uuml;nden istenilen d&uuml;zeyde oldu\u011fu s&ouml;ylenemez.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2001 y\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; verilerine g&ouml;re T&uuml;rkiye&#39;de toplam 10.761.000 ba\u015f s\u0131\u011f\u0131r bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlardan toplam 5.085.814 ba\u015f\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131lmakta ve 8.489.082 ton s&uuml;t elde edilmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;t verimini art\u0131rabilmek i&ccedil;in Hol\u015ftayn, Montofon gibi k&uuml;lt&uuml;r s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; \u0131rklar\u0131 ile G&uuml;ney Anadolu K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 gibi yerli s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; \u0131rklar tercih edilmelidir. Ancak bu \u0131rklarda her hayvan mutlaka s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml;d&uuml;r denilemez. Bir ine\u011fin s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i&ccedil;in s&uuml;t verimine bakmak gerekir. Gen&ccedil; ve sa\u011fmal olmayan hayvanlarda s&uuml;t verimini kontrol etme imkan\u0131 yoktur. B&ouml;yle s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; ineklerin d\u0131\u015ftan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman baz\u0131 &ouml;zellikleri g&ouml;stermesi gerekir. Bu &ouml;zelliklere <strong>s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml;l&uuml;k karakterleri <\/strong>diyoruz.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image001.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBu s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml;l&uuml;k karakterlerini \u015f&ouml;yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz;\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"unIndentedList\">\n<li>S&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; ineklerde deri ince ve yumu\u015fakt\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Boyun ince ve uzundur,<\/li>\n<li>T&uuml;yler k\u0131sa ve parlakt\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>G&ouml;zler parlak ve canl\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Hayvanlar zay\u0131f yap\u0131l\u0131 ama kemikleri iyi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir,<\/li>\n<li>Memeler b&uuml;y&uuml;k ve yumu\u015fak olmal\u0131, ancak b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;k yere de\u011fecek kadar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Meme u&ccedil;lar\u0131 normal b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;kte olmal\u0131, gerek elle ve gerekse makineli sa\u011f\u0131m i&ccedil;in uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>S&uuml;t damarlar\u0131 belirgin, k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 ve geni\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Memenin kar\u0131n duvar\u0131na ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kuvvetli olmal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<li>Fazla meme ba\u015f\u0131 ve t\u0131kal\u0131 meme ba\u015f\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>HOL\u015eTAYN ( S\u0130YAH ALACA)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"282\" height=\"209\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>Resim :<strong>Hol\u015ftayn \u0130nek<\/strong><\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nHol\u015ftayn, s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; y&ouml;nde yeti\u015ftirilen k&uuml;lt&uuml;r s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n en iri yap\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Renk siyah beyaz alacad\u0131r. Amerika&#39;dan gelenlerin s&uuml;t y&ouml;n&uuml; kuvvetlidir. Hollanda&#39;dan gelenlerin et y&ouml;n&uuml; kuvvetlidir. Boyun b&uuml;t&uuml;n s&uuml;t&ccedil;&uuml; \u0131rklarda oldu\u011fu gibi uzun, deri ince ve yumu\u015fakt\u0131r. Sa\u011flam bir kemik yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;t ve ya\u011f verim d&uuml;zeyleri yeti\u015ftirildikleri b&ouml;lgenin co\u011frafik, ekonomik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel durumuna g&ouml;re de\u011fi\u015febilir. Genellikle zengin &ccedil;ay\u0131r ve \u0131l\u0131man iklimde olduk&ccedil;a iyi bir verim d&uuml;zeyine ula\u015f\u0131r. Hol\u015ftaynlar y\u0131lda ortalama 6.000-8.000 kg s&uuml;t verirler ve s&uuml;tteki ya\u011f oran\u0131 %3.5-4 t&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>MONTOFON ( ESMER )<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"212\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>Resim 2: <strong>Karacabey Montofonu<\/strong><\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAnavatan\u0131 \u0130svi&ccedil;re&#39;dir. T&uuml;rkiye&#39;de&nbsp; boz \u0131rk s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarla yap\u0131lan melezlemelerle Karacabey Montofonu geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Rengi g&uuml;m&uuml;\u015f griden koyu esmere kadar de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u0131rtta a&ccedil;\u0131k renk bir &ccedil;izgi bulunur. Burun ucu, boynuz ucu, kuyruk ucu siyaht\u0131r.&Ccedil;ok iri g&ouml;vdelidirler. Hem s&uuml;t verimi,hem et verimi &ccedil;ok y&uuml;ksektir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k s&uuml;t verimi 3.500-4.000 kg&#39;d\u0131r. S&uuml;tteki ya\u011f oran\u0131 % 3,8 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>G&Uuml;NEY ANADOLU KIRMIZISI<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; G&uuml;ney Anadolu K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 T&uuml;rkiye&#39;nin s&uuml;t verimi y&uuml;ksek yerli bir \u0131rk\u0131d\u0131r. Akdeniz B&ouml;lgesi ile G&uuml;neydo\u011fu Anadolu B&ouml;lgesinde yeti\u015ftirilir. Kirli sar\u0131dan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 tar&ccedil;\u0131niye kadar de\u011fi\u015fen renkler g&ouml;sterirler.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;t verim s&uuml;releri k\u0131sa olup yedi ay kadar sa\u011f\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sa\u011f\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i&ccedil;in buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n emmesi yada hi&ccedil; olmazsa ine\u011fin yan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu nedenle makineli sa\u011f\u0131ma uygun de\u011fillerdir. S&uuml;t verimleri y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 2.000-3.000 kg aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir ve s&uuml;tteki ya\u011f oran\u0131 % 4 kadard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>SI\u011eIRCILIKTA S&Uuml;R&Uuml; \u0130DARES\u0130<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;t s\u0131\u011f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda istenilen verimlilik ve s&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n devam\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir s&uuml;r&uuml; idaresine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. S&uuml;r&uuml; idaresi yavrunun do\u011fumundan ba\u015flay\u0131p, dana, d&uuml;ve ve inek oluncaya kadar ve devam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan b&uuml;t&uuml;n i\u015flemleri i&ccedil;erir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;r&uuml; y&ouml;netiminde en &ouml;nemli i\u015flem kay\u0131t tutmad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletmede yeterli kay\u0131t d&uuml;zeni kurulmal\u0131 ve hayvanlar\u0131n kay\u0131tlar\u0131 tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>KAYIT TUTMANIN &Ouml;NEM\u0130<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta verimlili\u011fin temelini kay\u0131t sistemi olu\u015fturur. Bu sistemle ileride elde edilecek s&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n gelece\u011fi \u015fansa b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz. Kay\u0131t tutmak i\u015fletmeciye b&uuml;y&uuml;k kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Hayvanlar\u0131n durumu konusunda kolayca bilgi sahibi olunur. Hem bir ine\u011fin hem de t&uuml;m s&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n&nbsp; durumu hakk\u0131nda g&uuml;nl&uuml;k ve uzun vadeli bilgiler verdi\u011finden i\u015fletme sahibine de gelecek i&ccedil;in planlar yapma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kay\u0131t tutma d&uuml;zeni, basit, do\u011fru, g&uuml;n&uuml; g&uuml;n&uuml;ne i\u015flenebilen, kolay ve az zaman al\u0131c\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u0130\u015eLETMEDE TUTULAN KAYITLAR<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * \u0130\u015fletmede do\u011fan hayvanlar\u0131n do\u011fum tarihi, do\u011fum \u015fekli, numaras\u0131, ana ve baba numaras\u0131,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * \u0130\u015fletmede buza\u011f\u0131layan ineklerin buza\u011f\u0131lama tarihi, buza\u011f\u0131lama \u015fekli,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * Tohumlanan hayvanlar\u0131n numaras\u0131, bo\u011fan\u0131n ad\u0131 ve numaras\u0131, tohumlama tarihi, tohumlamac\u0131 ad\u0131,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;&Ccedil;e\u015fitli d&ouml;nemlerdeki canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;S&uuml;t verim miktarlar\u0131,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k&nbsp; tarihleri,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;Kuruya &ccedil;\u0131karma tarihi,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;A\u015f\u0131lama, hastal\u0131k, tedavi gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k bilgileri,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp; * &nbsp;Yem ve yemlemeye ait bilgiler,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>S&Uuml;T \u0130NEKLER\u0130NDE &Uuml;REME VE D&Ouml;L VER\u0130M\u0130<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&uuml;velerde ve ineklerde cinsel organlarda meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler nedeniyle, bo\u011fa iste\u011fi ba\u015flar. Buna <strong>KIZGINLIK<\/strong> denir. K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren hayvanlara da bo\u011fasak veya &ouml;rsek denir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0130yi bir inek bol s&uuml;t vermesinin yan\u0131nda y\u0131lda 1 buza\u011f\u0131 da vermelidir. K&uuml;lt&uuml;r \u0131rk\u0131 normal geli\u015fimini tamamlam\u0131\u015f d&uuml;veler 18 ayl\u0131k ya\u015fta (1.5 ya\u015f\u0131nda) iken tohumlamalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. K&uuml;lt&uuml;r \u0131rk\u0131 hayvanlar 10-12 ayl\u0131k ya\u015ftan itibaren k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;stermeye ba\u015flarlar ama daha geli\u015fmelerini tamamlamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan bo\u011faya verilmemelidirler. Erken ya\u015fta gebe kalan d&uuml;velerde geli\u015fme tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu hayvanlar kavruk kal\u0131rlar, geli\u015femezler. S&uuml;t verimleri sa\u011f\u0131m d&ouml;nemlerinde d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k kal\u0131r ve b&ouml;yle hayvanlar hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 diren&ccedil;siz olurlar ve kolayca hastalan\u0131rlar. S&uuml;t hummas\u0131 ve dana hummas\u0131 gibi s&uuml;t verimi ile ilgili hastal\u0131klara hassas olurlar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda dam\u0131zl\u0131ktan da erken &ccedil;\u0131karlar.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inekler ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fu belirtileri g&ouml;sterirler :<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>\u0130nekler huysuzla\u015f\u0131r,ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar, az yem yer ve az su i&ccedil;erler,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2<\/strong>&#8211;&nbsp; Di\u011fer hayvanlar\u0131n &uuml;zerine atlarlar, di\u011fer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; hayvanlar\u0131n kendi &uuml;zerlerine atlamas\u0131na r\u0131za &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; g&ouml;sterirler,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>3-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>Buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 teper, ona kar\u015f\u0131 huysuzla\u015f\u0131r ve emzirmek istemezler,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>4-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>S&uuml;t verimi azal\u0131r ve normal sa\u011f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131rmazlar,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>5-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>Vulva dudaklar\u0131 k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve pi\u015fmemi\u015f yumurta ak\u0131na benzer &ccedil;ara al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>6-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>\u0130nek b&ouml;\u011f&uuml;rmelerle bo\u011fay\u0131 &ccedil;a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>7-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>Merada kuyru\u011funu diker, sa\u011fa sola ko\u015far,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>8-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>Gece di\u011fer hayvanlar yatarken o ayakta durur,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>9-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>S\u0131k s\u0131k havay\u0131 koklar, s\u0131rt\u0131na el bast\u0131rmaz ve belini kamburla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r,\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image004.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"207\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M :&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inek<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inek ne zaman tohumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nD&uuml;veler k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 ya\u015ftan itibaren gebe kalmad\u0131klar\u0131 s&uuml;rece her 18-24 (ortalama 21 g&uuml;n) g&uuml;nde bir k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;sterirler. En iyi tohumlama zaman\u0131 k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k ba\u015flad\u0131ktan 12 saat sonrad\u0131r.Sabah k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inek ak\u015fama do\u011fru,ak\u015fam k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inek sabah tohumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;zerinden 24 saat ge&ccedil;en hayvanlar art\u0131k d&ouml;l tutmazlar ve 18-24 g&uuml;n sonray\u0131 beklemek gerekir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;D&uuml;veler ilk defa tohumland\u0131klar\u0131 zaman k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k c&uuml;sseli \u0131rklarla tohumlanmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Zira hayvan\u0131n daha genital organlar\u0131 ve &ccedil;at\u0131, b&uuml;y&uuml;k yavru do\u011furacak geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fe ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B&uuml;y&uuml;k hayvanlarla tohumlanan d&uuml;velerde g&uuml;&ccedil; do\u011fumlar s\u0131k&ccedil;a g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. Ancak ikinci ve daha sonraki tohumlamalarda k&uuml;lt&uuml;r \u0131rk\u0131 hayvanlarla tohumlanabilirler.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDo\u011fum yapan ineklerin d&ouml;l yata\u011f\u0131 ancak 2 ayda yeniden yavruyu bar\u0131nd\u0131racak fonksiyonlar\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Bu nedenle do\u011fum yapan inekler, 3. k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131nda yani buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131 2 ayl\u0131k olunca tekrar tohumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nHer ge&ccedil;en k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k 20 g&uuml;nl&uuml;k bir s&uuml;t kayb\u0131 ve bo\u015fa yedirilen yem demektir. Bunun i&ccedil;in ineklerin k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iyi takip edilmesi ve tohumlaman\u0131n zaman\u0131nda ve hatas\u0131z yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;steren inekler i&ccedil;in kay\u0131t defterine tarih at\u0131l\u0131r. Tohumlama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tarih at\u0131l\u0131r. Hayvan gebe kalmazsa gelecek sefere hangi g&uuml;n k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;sterilebilece\u011fi tahmin edilir. O g&uuml;nlerde inek iyice g&ouml;zlenir. B&ouml;ylece bir d&ouml;nemin daha ka&ccedil;\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 &ouml;nlenir, hayvan zaman\u0131nda tohumlan\u0131r. Kay\u0131tlara bakarak do\u011fumun zaman\u0131 bilinir, ona g&ouml;re haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunur.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBuza\u011f\u0131s\u0131, 2 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 &nbsp;ge&ccedil;en inek hala k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k g&ouml;stermediyse, mutlaka veteriner hekime g&ouml;sterilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>SUN\u0130 TOHUMLAMA<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Suni tohumlama hayvan \u0131slah\u0131n\u0131n &ouml;nemli bir arac\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; s&uuml;r&uuml;de genetik ilerlemeyi sa\u011flayacak &ouml;zellikler bu \u015fekilde &ccedil;ok say\u0131da bireye aktar\u0131labilmektedir. Suni tohumlama sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, kolay, ucuz garantili bir yavru alma tekni\u011fidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBir bo\u011fa a\u015f\u0131m yaparak bir ine\u011fi d&ouml;lleyip bir yavru verir. Sonra bir ine\u011fi daha a\u015farsa bir yavru da ondan verir. Ama bir anda 300 a\u015f\u0131m yap\u0131p, 300 yavru veremez. E\u011fer sun&#39;i tohumlama tekni\u011finden yaralan\u0131l\u0131rsa, bo\u011fan\u0131n bir a\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan 300 yavru yapacak sperma al\u0131nabilir. Bunun i&ccedil;in, bo\u011fa ine\u011fe a\u015f\u0131m yapmaz, sun&#39;i vajen denen ve bo\u011fan\u0131n spermas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cihaz kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu cihaza al\u0131nan sperma uygun s\u0131v\u0131larla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p &ccedil;o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece 300 ine\u011fi d&ouml;lleyecek miktara ula\u015f\u0131r. Sonra payet denilen ince plastik muhafazalara konarak -196 derecede dondurulur. Dondurma i\u015flemi i&ccedil;in s\u0131v\u0131 azot kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bununla inek d&ouml;llenece\u011fi zaman, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;lerek kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSun&#39;i tohumlamada en &ouml;nemli fakt&ouml;r, yeti\u015ftiricinin k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ccedil;ok iyi takip etmesi ve anlamas\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"314\" height=\"234\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M : Sun&#39;i tohumlama yap\u0131lan bir inek<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\nSun&#39;i tohumlama ile;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n* En iyi bo\u011fay\u0131 se&ccedil;ebiliriz.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n* Hayvandan hayvana hastal\u0131k bula\u015fmas\u0131 &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n* &Ccedil;ok masrafl\u0131 olan bo\u011fay\u0131 bulundurmaya gerek kalmaz.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n* Y&uuml;ksek verimli oldu\u011fu kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bo\u011falar\u0131n spermas\u0131 ile y&uuml;ksek verimli yavrular elde edilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">\n* Dondurulmu\u015f sperman\u0131n nakli &ccedil;ok kolad\u0131r. D&uuml;nyan\u0131n her yan\u0131ndan sperma getirmek m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>S&Uuml;T \u0130NEKLER\u0130N\u0130N BAKIMI VE BESLENMES\u0130<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>SA\u011eIMSIZ D&Ouml;NEM ( KURUYA ALMA)<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>\u0130ne\u011fin s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml; sa\u011fmaktan vazge&ccedil;erek, s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml;n kesilmesini sa\u011flamaya kuruya alma denir. Kuruya alma s&uuml;resi 40 g&uuml;nden az, 80 g&uuml;nden fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. En ideali do\u011fumuna 2 ay kala hayvan\u0131n kuruya &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKuruya alman\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f&ouml;yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz ;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10 ay s&uuml;rekli sa\u011f\u0131lan hayvan yorulmu\u015ftur. S&uuml;t yapan organlar\u0131n dinlenmesi gerekir,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0130nek yedi\u011fi g\u0131day\u0131 s&uuml;t verimi yerine, karn\u0131ndaki yavrunun geli\u015fmesine kullanm\u0131\u015f olur,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&uuml;rekli sa\u011f\u0131m nedeniyle kaybetti\u011fi mineral maddeleri v&uuml;cudunda tekrar&nbsp; biriktirmek i&ccedil;in zaman verilmi\u015f olur,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uzun s&uuml;ren sa\u011f\u0131m nedeniyle v&uuml;cut yap\u0131s\u0131 bozulmu\u015ftur. Dinlenme d&ouml;neminde v&uuml;cut yap\u0131s\u0131 d&uuml;zelerek normal do\u011fum yapmaya imkan verir,\n<\/p>\n<p>\n5)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuru d&ouml;nem ge&ccedil;iren ineklerin, sonraki sa\u011f\u0131m d&ouml;neminde daha &ccedil;ok s&uuml;t verdikleri g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u0130nek kuruya nas\u0131l &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nS&uuml;t verimi zaten kuruya &ccedil;\u0131karma d&ouml;nemine do\u011fru azalm\u0131\u015f hayvanlar\u0131 kuruya &ccedil;\u0131karmak i&ccedil;in konsantre yem verilmesi kesilir, ine\u011fe verilen su &uuml;&ccedil;te bir oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131l\u0131r ve g&uuml;nde iki kere yap\u0131lan sa\u011f\u0131m bire indirilir. Daha sonra iki g&uuml;nde bir, &uuml;&ccedil; g&uuml;nde bir sa\u011f\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r ve sonra da tamamen sa\u011fmamak y&ouml;ntemiyle kuruya &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>KURU D&Ouml;NEMDE BESLEME<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuru d&ouml;nemin ilk bir ay\u0131nda yani do\u011fuma bir ay kalana kadar ineklere serbest &nbsp;olarak iyi kaliteli kuru ot ve g&uuml;nl&uuml;k olarak da 2-3 kg konsantre yem yedirilmelidir. E\u011fer iyi kaliteli kuru ot yoksa ve kaba yem olarak sadece saman veriliyorsa konsantre yem miktar\u0131 4 kg&#39;a &ccedil;\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d&ouml;nemde verilecek konsantre yem, e\u011fer yonca, fi\u011f kuru otu gibi baklagillerden biri ise herhangi bir iyi kaliteli tah\u0131l k\u0131rmas\u0131 olabilir. Kaba yem saman ise % 16 ham proteinli bir fabrika yemi olabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDo\u011fumuna 3-4 hafta kala, iyi kaliteli kaba yemin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra verilen konsantre yem miktar\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f art\u0131r\u0131larak hayvan\u0131n 100 kg canl\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 1 kg d&uuml;\u015fecek miktara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu miktardaki konsantre yem do\u011fuma kadar devam ettirilir. Bu d&ouml;nemde verilecek konsantre yemin hayvan\u0131n do\u011fumundan sonra yiyece\u011fi s&uuml;t yemine yada fabrika yemine benzer yap\u0131da bir yem olmas\u0131 &ouml;nemlidir. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; do\u011fumdan &ouml;nce i\u015fkembedeki mikroorganizma toplulu\u011funu sa\u011f\u0131m d&ouml;neminde verilecek konsantre yeme al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak do\u011fumdan sonra hayvan\u0131n yem t&uuml;ketiminin istenilen d&uuml;zeye daha &ccedil;abuk ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu son d&ouml;nemde ineklere, kalsiyum bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin konsantre yemler, yem katk\u0131 maddeleri ve yonca gibi kalsiyumdan zengin kaba yemler verilmemelidir. Aksi takdirde s&uuml;t hummas\u0131 yada do\u011fum felci de denilen hastal\u0131\u011fa zemin haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Kuru d&ouml;nemdeki ineklerin beslenmesinde nelere dikkat edilmelidir?<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>1-<\/strong> Kuru d&ouml;nemde verilecek kaba yemler olabildi\u011fince kaliteli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml; ana karn\u0131ndaki yavrunun geli\u015fmesi nedeni ile i\u015fkembenin hacmi, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile yem alma kapasitesi daralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu nedenle kalitesiz kaba yemler i\u015fkembede bo\u015fa yer kaplayarak hayvan\u0131n besin maddeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan&nbsp; eksik kalmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Yine verilen kaba yemler patoz saman\u0131 gibi &ccedil;ok ince k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yemlerden olu\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nce yemler hayvanlar\u0131n gevi\u015f getirmelerini azalt\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da t&uuml;k&uuml;r&uuml;k salg\u0131s\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olur. Bu durum ineklerde i\u015fkembe asitli\u011finin artmas\u0131na ve yemlerden iyi yararlan\u0131lmamas\u0131na neden olur. Do\u011fuma 3-4 hafta kala ise kalsiyum bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin baklagiller kaba yemleri yerine iyi kaliteli &ccedil;ay\u0131r kuru otu yada bu\u011fdaygil kaba yemleri daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2<\/strong>&#8211; Silaj, pancar, domates ve elma posalar\u0131 ile taze bi&ccedil;ilmi\u015f ye\u015fil yemler gibi fazla sulu yemler yedirilmemelidir. Yine i\u015fkembenin kapasitesinin azalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeni ile bu yemler fazla miktarda su kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hayvanlar beslenme eksikli\u011fine u\u011frayabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>3-<\/strong> K&uuml;flenmi\u015f, k\u0131z\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve herhangi bir \u015fekilde bozulmu\u015f yemlerin yedirilmesi yavru atmalar\u0131na sebep olabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>4-<\/strong> Kurudaki inekler mutlaka di\u011fer ineklerden ayr\u0131larak, ayr\u0131 bir beslenme ve bak\u0131m program\u0131 uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>5-<\/strong> Kurudaki ineklerin beslenmeleri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u011flanmalar\u0131 kesinlikle &ouml;nlenmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>6-<\/strong> \u0130neklerin &ouml;n&uuml;nde her zaman i&ccedil;ebilecekleri \u015fekilde su bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>GEBE \u0130NE\u011e\u0130N BAKIMI<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nGebeli\u011fin ilk aylar\u0131nda &ouml;zel bir bak\u0131m gerekmez. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 besleme yarar getirmez, yetersiz besleme durumunda ise hayvan zarar g&ouml;r&uuml;r. Gebe hayvan, gebeli\u011finin son 2-3 ay\u0131nda di\u011fer hayvanlardan ayr\u0131lmal\u0131, &ouml;zel bir b&ouml;lmeye konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece di\u011fer hayvanlar taraf\u0131ndan boynuzlanamaz, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaz, rahats\u0131z edilmez.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image006.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"238\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M &nbsp;:&nbsp; &Ouml;zel b&ouml;lmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gebe inek<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do\u011fum b&ouml;lmesi dezenfekte edilmeli ve badana yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zemin \u0131slak ve kaygan olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Temiz olmayan yerlerde do\u011fan buza\u011f\u0131lar zat&uuml;rre, ishal ve di\u011fer hastal\u0131klara yakalanabilirler. Do\u011fum b&ouml;lmesi 1 hayvan i&ccedil;in 12 m<sup>2<\/sup><sup> <\/sup>olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hayvan\u0131n alt\u0131na bolca temiz ve kuru yatakl\u0131k ot konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>DO\u011eUM&nbsp;&nbsp; :<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nS\u0131\u011f\u0131rlarda gebelik s&uuml;resi yakla\u015f\u0131k 280 g&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Bu s&uuml;re sonunda b&uuml;y&uuml;yen, geli\u015fen ve d\u0131\u015f ortamda ya\u015fayabilecek duruma gelen yavrunun, yavru zarlar\u0131 ile zarlar\u0131yla birlikte ana rahminden &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131na do\u011fum denir. Yavru m&uuml;dahalesiz &ccedil;\u0131karsa normal do\u011fum, yavru m&uuml;dahale edilerek &ccedil;\u0131karsa g&uuml;&ccedil; do\u011fum ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do\u011fum yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda memeler s&uuml;tle dolar, vulva dudaklar\u0131 b&uuml;y&uuml;r ve k\u0131zar\u0131r, &ccedil;at\u0131 kaslar\u0131 gev\u015fer ve &ccedil;&ouml;ker. Do\u011fumdan 1-2 saat &ouml;nce v&uuml;cut s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d&uuml;\u015fer, i\u015fime s\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r, a&ccedil;l\u0131k &ccedil;ukurlar\u0131 &ccedil;&ouml;ker, anan\u0131n nab\u0131z ve teneff&uuml;s say\u0131lar\u0131 artar, hayvan yem yerken aniden durur, inlemeye ba\u015flar. Do\u011fum ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise vulva iyice b&uuml;y&uuml;r, sanc\u0131lar ba\u015flar ve ba\u015f suyu dedi\u011fimiz yavru sular\u0131 akar,arkas\u0131ndan yavrunun ayaklar\u0131, sonra kafas\u0131, sonra da b&uuml;t&uuml;n v&uuml;cudu &ccedil;\u0131karak do\u011fum ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image007.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"197\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M :&nbsp; Do\u011fumun Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image008.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"262\" height=\"197\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M&nbsp; : Yavrunun &Ouml;nden Geli\u015fi<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDo\u011fumdan sonraki 1-2 saat i&ccedil;erisinde de yavru zarlar\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz e\u015f d&uuml;\u015fer. Do\u011fum ba\u015flad\u0131ktan ve yavru sular\u0131 akt\u0131ktan sonraki 1 saat i&ccedil;erisinde do\u011fum ger&ccedil;ekle\u015fmezse bir anormallik var demektir ve do\u011fuma m&uuml;dahale gereklidir.Do\u011fuma rasgele ki\u015filer m&uuml;dahale etmemeli mutlaka bir Veteriner Hekime m&uuml;racaat edilmelidir. Bilin&ccedil;siz ki\u015filerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m&uuml;dahale sonucu yavru sular\u0131 iyice d&ouml;k&uuml;lerek yavruluktaki kayganl\u0131k giderilir ve yavrunun &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131 zorla\u015f\u0131r. Yada yavrunun g&uuml;&ccedil; do\u011fumuna sebep ba\u015f veya ayaklar iyice a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya kayarak do\u011fum daha da zorla\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011fuma m&uuml;dahale eden ki\u015fi gerekli temizlik kurallar\u0131na uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;inde hayvan\u0131n hastalanmas\u0131na sebep olur. Do\u011fumdan sonra en ge&ccedil; 24 saat i&ccedil;inde yavru zarlar\u0131n\u0131 (e\u015flerini) d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;rmeyen hayvanlara m&uuml;dahale edilerek yavru zarlar\u0131 da al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yavru zarlar\u0131 al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde hayvanda &ouml;nce i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k ba\u015flar, sonra ge&ccedil;en zaman i&ccedil;erisinde &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;yen yavru zarlar\u0131n\u0131n emilmesi sonucu zehirlenme belirtileri g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r ve bu durum hayvan\u0131n &ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;ne kadar gidebilir. Yavru zarlar\u0131n\u0131 atmayan veya yavru zarlar\u0131 al\u0131nmayan hayvanlar ya\u015famaya devam etseler dahi s&uuml;t verimleri d&uuml;\u015fer, zay\u0131flarlar ve yeniden yavru vermeleri m&uuml;mk&uuml;n olmaz. Bu gibi hayvanlar\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ah\u0131rlarda a\u011f\u0131r ve pis bir koku vard\u0131r. Yavru zarlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in mutlaka bir Veteriner hekime m&uuml;racaat edilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do\u011fumdan 8-10 g&uuml;n &ouml;nce memelerde ba\u015flayan s&uuml;t &uuml;retimi memeleri \u015fi\u015firir, ancak bu \u015fi\u015flik normaldir ve hayvan sa\u011f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk do\u011fumunu yapan d&uuml;velerde bu \u015fi\u015flik bazen kar\u0131n alt\u0131na kadar yay\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131k g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. \u015ei\u015flikler bazen ineklerde de g&ouml;r&uuml;lebilir. Do\u011fumdan sonra sa\u011f\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131k&ccedil;a bu \u015fi\u015fliklerde 8-10 g&uuml;n i&ccedil;erisinde kaybolur ve memeler normal halini al\u0131r. Bu \u015fi\u015fliklere ila&ccedil;la m&uuml;dahale edilmemeli, sadece memelere \u0131l\u0131k suyla pansuman yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<strong>BUZA\u011eILARIN BAKIMI VE BESLENMES\u0130<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131 b&uuml;y&uuml;tmede ama&ccedil;, en d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k masrafla s&uuml;t ve et &uuml;retiminde kullan\u0131lacak dam\u0131zl\u0131k ve dam\u0131zl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmektir. Buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve beslemesine do\u011fum sonras\u0131 hemen ba\u015flamak gerekir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do\u011fumdan sonra yeni do\u011fan buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g&ouml;bek ba\u011f\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131p, i&ccedil;ine tent&uuml;rdiyot bo\u015falt\u0131lmal\u0131, kar\u0131ndan itibaren 6-8 cm yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 parmak kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan, dezenfekte edilmi\u015f bir iple ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130pin bir parmak alt\u0131ndan g&ouml;bek ba\u011f\u0131 kesilir.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image009.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"324\" height=\"243\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M :G&ouml;bek Ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Dezenfekte Edilmesi<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nG&ouml;bek kordonunun tent&uuml;rdiyotla dezenfekte edilme i\u015flemine g&uuml;nde 2 kere olmak &uuml;zere 3 g&uuml;n devam edilir. G&ouml;bek kordonu dezenfekte edilmedi\u011fi takdirde, eklem iltihaplanmas\u0131, septisemi ve buza\u011f\u0131 felci ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yeni do\u011fan buza\u011f\u0131 g&uuml;&ccedil;s&uuml;z ve \u0131slakt\u0131r. Buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n burun ve a\u011fz\u0131ndaki do\u011fum art\u0131klar\u0131 hemen temizlenmeli ve dil, temiz bir bezle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 &ccedil;\u0131kart\u0131larak buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n rahat nefes almas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"261\" height=\"197\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M : Yeni Do\u011fan Buza\u011f\u0131<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u015eayet nefes alam\u0131yorsa, kaburgalar\u0131n &uuml;zerine avu&ccedil; i&ccedil;i ile birka&ccedil; defa kuvvetlice vurulur. Yine soluk alm\u0131yorsa yan yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, kaburgalar\u0131 &uuml;zerine el ile bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p &ccedil;ekilir. 3 saniyede bir bu hareket tekrarlan\u0131r. Solunum ba\u015flayana kadar bu harekete devam edilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIslak do\u011fan yavrunun &uuml;zeri, temiz bir bez veya sap samanla silinerek, anas\u0131n\u0131n uzanabilece\u011fi bir yere konarak anas\u0131n\u0131n onu yalamas\u0131na izin verilir. Bu yalama ile yavrunun \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderildi\u011fi gibi, masaj yerine ge&ccedil;erek buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n solunumunun d&uuml;zenlenmesine, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image011.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"293\" height=\"212\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M : Yeni Do\u011fan Buza\u011f\u0131 Anas\u0131n\u0131n Yan\u0131na Konur<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nE\u011fer ana yavrusuna ilgi g&ouml;stermiyorsa yavrunun &uuml;zerine az miktarda tuz d&ouml;kerek anas\u0131n\u0131n yalamas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131lar so\u011fuktan ve hava cereyan\u0131ndan korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bar\u0131naklar \u0131slak ve kaygan olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yeni do\u011fan buza\u011f\u0131 genellikle 1-2 saat i&ccedil;erisinde aya\u011fa kalkar. Anas\u0131n\u0131n memesini arar. Buza\u011f\u0131, anas\u0131n\u0131 emmeden &ouml;nce anan\u0131n memesi \u0131l\u0131k sabunlu su ile y\u0131kan\u0131p durulanmal\u0131 ve kurulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece mikrop ve parazit bula\u015fmas\u0131 &ouml;nlenmi\u015f olur.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image012.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"362\" height=\"270\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nYavru a\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml; almazsa, a\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml; sa\u011f\u0131l\u0131p biberonla buza\u011f\u0131ya i&ccedil;irilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Daha sonra da buza\u011f\u0131lar altlar\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil; \u0131zgaral\u0131 bireysel b&ouml;lmelere veya a&ccedil;\u0131kta buza\u011f\u0131 kafeslerine al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b&ouml;lme 150 cm boyunda, 105 cm eninde, 130 cm y&uuml;kseklikte olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Izgaran\u0131n yerden y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi de 30 cm olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n altlar\u0131 kuru olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Altl\u0131k olarak sap-saman, h\u0131zar tala\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image013.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"336\" height=\"252\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M :Buza\u011f\u0131 b&ouml;lmesi<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yeni do\u011fan buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve kulak numaras\u0131 tak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131rklara g&ouml;re de\u011fi\u015fmekle beraber ortalama 35-50 kg aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yeni do\u011fan yavrular kay\u0131t defterine kaydedilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<h1>A\u011eIZ S&Uuml;T&Uuml;<\/h1>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in en &ouml;nemli ilk besin A\u011eIZ S&Uuml;T&Uuml;D&Uuml;R. A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml;n do\u011fumdan sonra 3-4 saat i&ccedil;erisinde mutlaka buza\u011f\u0131ya verilmesi gerekir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;, normal s&uuml;tten daha fazla protein ve vitamin i&ccedil;erir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;, buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131n\u0131 temizler. \u0130&ccedil;inde hafif ishal yap\u0131c\u0131 etkisi ile buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda mekonyum denilen &ccedil;amurumsu art\u0131klar\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atar.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;, buza\u011f\u0131y\u0131 hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yapar. \u0130&ccedil;inde gamma-globin denilen buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hastalanmas\u0131n\u0131 &ouml;nleyen ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k maddeleri vard\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml; i&ccedil;en buza\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam yap\u0131l\u0131 olur ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 geli\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131lar a\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml; emerek alam\u0131yorsa, a\u011fz\u0131na s&uuml;t sa\u011fmak gerekir. Yada biberon, emzikli kova veya kova yard\u0131m\u0131yla mutlaka a\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml; buza\u011f\u0131ya i&ccedil;irilmelidir. A\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml;n beslenme de\u011feri do\u011fumdan itibaren azalmaya ba\u015flar. Besleme de\u011feri ilk 24 saat i&ccedil;inde daha fazlad\u0131r. 24 saat sonra besleme de\u011feri yar\u0131ya d&uuml;\u015fer.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"304\" height=\"229\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image015.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"304\" height=\"229\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M : Buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Biberonla Beslenmesi<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTabii emzirmede buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s&uuml;t i&ccedil;ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ine\u011fin s&uuml;t verimi de belirlenemez. Buza\u011f\u0131 fazla s&uuml;t i&ccedil;erse ishal olur. Az s&uuml;t i&ccedil;erse zay\u0131flar, hastalan\u0131r, kavruk kal\u0131r. Anan\u0131n memesi zedelenebilir. \u0130nek, s&uuml;t&uuml;n&uuml; buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;rmeden b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in her sa\u011f\u0131mda buza\u011f\u0131y\u0131 getirmek gerekir ki buda b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir i\u015f kayb\u0131 demektir. Fazla s&uuml;tle beslenen buza\u011f\u0131lar\u0131n yeterli miktarda kuru yem almama riski vard\u0131r. B&uuml;t&uuml;n bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 suni emzirme yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ordutarim.gov.tr\/turetim\/sutsigirbakim\/sut_sigiri_%20bakimi_dosyalar\/image016.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"311\" height=\"233\" \/>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<em>RES\u0130M : Buza\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Emzikli Kova ile Beslenmesi<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131ya verilen s&uuml;t v&uuml;cut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1\/10&lsquo; ni ge&ccedil;memelidir.S&uuml;t&uuml;n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 36<sup>o<\/sup>C olmal\u0131d\u0131r. S&uuml;t kaplar\u0131 ve biberonlar kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra mutlaka iyice y\u0131kan\u0131p temizlenmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buza\u011f\u0131lara 1-3. g&uuml;n&nbsp; 4-5 litre a\u011f\u0131z s&uuml;t&uuml; i&ccedil;irilm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; D&uuml;nya&#39;da artan hayvansal &uuml;r&uuml;n talebinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda yurdumuzun konumu, arazi yap\u0131s\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k potansiyeli b&uuml;y&uuml;k avantajlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y&ouml;n&uuml;nden &ccedil;ok zengin olan &uuml;lkemizin, hayvan ba\u015f\u0131na verim y&ouml;n&uuml;nden istenilen d&uuml;zeyde oldu\u011fu s&ouml;ylenemez. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2001 y\u0131l\u0131 Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; verilerine g&ouml;re T&uuml;rkiye&#39;de toplam 10.761.000 ba\u015f s\u0131\u011f\u0131r bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlardan toplam 5.085.814 ba\u015f\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131lmakta ve 8.489.082 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[436],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-3827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hayvancilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3827"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171643,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827\/revisions\/171643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3827"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=3827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}