{"id":4200,"date":"2007-11-01T06:18:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-01T06:18:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:08","slug":"cim-alanlarindaki-hastaliklar-4200","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/cim-alanlarindaki-hastaliklar-4200","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u0130M ALANLARINDAK\u0130 HASTALIKLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 276px; height: 234px\" src=\"http:\/\/static.howstuffworks.com\/gif\/selecting-annuals-109a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"234\" align=\"left\" \/>&Ccedil;imlerdeki hastal\u0131klar g&ouml;zle g&ouml;r&uuml;lmesi zor, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k bakteri ve mantarsal (fungus) kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ouml;nceden tan\u0131mak g&uuml;&ccedil;t&uuml;r; ancak, tahri&shy;bat bi&ccedil;imi ile ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar ve kendini belli eder.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hastal\u0131klar genellikle, &ccedil;im alan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlama s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak kusuru, drenaj yetersizli\u011fi ve &ouml;zellikle, sulama, g&uuml;breleme, bi&ccedil;me ve at\u0131klar\u0131n temizlenmesinde g&ouml;r&uuml;len bak\u0131m aksakl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Hastalanan &ccedil;imi, eski haline getirme &ccedil;o\u011fu zaman ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z sonu&ccedil;lar verir. Bu y&uuml;zden, hasta&shy;l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olas\u0131 nedenlerini ortadan kald\u0131rmak en do\u011fru yoldur. Bunun i&ccedil;in :<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ba\u015fta, yeti\u015fme ortam\u0131na uygunluk ilkesi dikkate al\u0131narak, &ccedil;im bitkisinin do\u011fal yada k&uuml;ltivarlar\u0131n\u0131n se&ccedil;imleri do\u011fru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;im yap\u0131m\u0131nda, yer, toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, drenaj gibi temel i\u015flemler uygun ve noksans\u0131z yerine getirilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bak\u0131m i\u015fleri yerinde, zaman\u0131nda ve gerekli olan &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lerde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.Bunun i&ccedil;in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da &ouml;nemli noktalar belirtilmi\u015ftir :<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a)&nbsp; Bak\u0131m i\u015flerinde hastal\u0131klara &nbsp;kar\u015f\u0131 en etkili &ouml;nlem bi&ccedil;im i\u015fi ile ilgi&shy;lidir. &Ccedil;imin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; zaman\u0131nda,uygun y&uuml;kseklikte ve &ouml;rselenmeden bi&ccedil;ilmesi<br \/>\nve ayr\u0131ca, bi&ccedil;ilme di\u011fer temizleme art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alandan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma&shy;<br \/>\ns\u0131, ba\u015fta hastal\u0131klar olmak &uuml;zere di\u011fer zararl\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fme ve yerle&shy;<br \/>\n\u015fimlerine engel olacakt\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, t&uuml;r&uuml;n &ouml;zelli\u011fine g&ouml;re, bi&ccedil;me<br \/>\ny&uuml;kseklikleri 1.5-2 cm den 5-7 cm&#39;e kadar de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b)G&uuml;brelemenin az\u0131, &ccedil;o\u011fu ve zamanlamas\u0131 hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 bitkiyi<br \/>\nduyarl\u0131 k\u0131lar. &Ouml;rne\u011fin, so\u011fuk iklim bitkilerine ilkbahar sonunda ya da<br \/>\nbu bitkiler i&ccedil;in geli\u015fmenin yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131n, g&uuml;bre verilirse &quot;Yaprak<br \/>\nbene\u011fi&quot; ve &quot;Yaz lekesi&quot; hastal\u0131klar\u0131 &ccedil;ok daha uygun ortam bulur. Bit&shy;<br \/>\nkinin normal geli\u015fme ve b&uuml;y&uuml;me periyodu dikkate al\u0131narak g&uuml;bre ve&shy;<br \/>\nrilmesi bu durumlara g&ouml;re ayarlan\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ccedil;im, rasgele de\u011fil gerekti\u011fi zaman sulan\u0131r. &Ccedil;im alan\u0131 nemli olma&shy;<br \/>\nl\u0131, fakat \u0131slak tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Az az de\u011fil, bir kerede ve doygunca su<br \/>\nlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Drenaj sorunu mutlak &ouml;nlenmelidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">6.1.1- &Ccedil;imlerde S\u0131k G&ouml;r&uuml;len Hastal\u0131klar ve &Ouml;nlemler<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;im alanlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in daha &ccedil;ok, mantari (fungus) hastal\u0131klar sorun olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan <strong>&quot;Dip &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;mesi-Damping off&#39;<\/strong> denen hastal\u0131k &ccedil;imin geli\u015fme d&ouml;neminde &ccedil;im fidelerinde g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. Di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar genellikle, geli\u015fme ve b&uuml;y&uuml;mesini tamamlam\u0131\u015f &ccedil;imlerde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. Sebep olduklar\u0131 mantarlara g&ouml;re adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu hastal\u0131klardan s\u0131k g&ouml;r&uuml;len belli ba\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 &quot;Fusarium lekesi&quot; <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&quot;Corticium&quot;, &quot;Ophiobulus lekesi&quot; ve &quot;Sclerotinia bene\u011fi (Dollar spot)&quot; ve ben&shy;zerleridir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Ayr\u0131ca, parazit olmayan ve &ccedil;im bitkisinden ziyade &ccedil;im alan\u0131nda etkenli\u011fi olan &quot;Cad\u0131 yada Cin halkas\u0131-Fairy ring&quot; den de s&ouml;z edilebilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<strong>Dip &Ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;masi (Damping <\/strong><strong>off)<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bitki &uuml;zerinde sararma, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k bronz lekelerle kendini belli eden ve fide sap\u0131n\u0131n dipten &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;yerek kopmas\u0131 ve kurumayla sonu&ccedil;lanan bu hastal\u0131\u011fa bir&ccedil;ok toprak mantar\u0131 (fungus) sebep olmakla beraber, en &ccedil;ok g&ouml;r&uuml;len <strong>Pythium <\/strong>ve <strong>Cladochytrium <\/strong>t&uuml;rleridir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanan bitki kesilmi\u015f gibi koparak d&uuml;&shy;\u015fer. Renk atmas\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;len fide, elle yoklanmakla sap &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;mesi derhal kendini belli eder. Kapal\u0131, bulutlu havalarda a\u011f\u0131r sulama hastal\u0131\u011fa &ccedil;a\u011fr\u0131 yapar.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel olarak, bak\u0131m i\u015flerine dikkat etmeli; pH n&ouml;tr olmal\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sulamadan ka&ccedil;\u0131nmal\u0131, toprak s&uuml;zek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; Kimyasal m&uuml;cadele i&ccedil;in de <strong>Anilazine, Benomyl, Chlorothalonil, <\/strong>Fenarimoi, <strong>Iprodione, Thiophanates, <\/strong><strong>Triadimefon <\/strong>ve cival\u0131 fungisitler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Fusarium lekesi; <\/strong><strong>Fusarium &ccedil;&uuml;r&uuml;\u011f&uuml;<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>&nbsp;(Snow mould; Fusarium patch)<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;im alan\u0131nda en &ccedil;ok g&ouml;r&uuml;len bu hastal\u0131\u011fa <strong>Fusarium nivale <\/strong>sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k en fazla nemli s\u0131cak sonbaharda,k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve bazen de ilkbaharda ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. &Ccedil;im &uuml;zerindeki karlar\u0131n &ccedil;i\u011fnen&shy;dikten sonra erimesiyle hastal\u0131k belirmektedir. Bu y&uuml;zden hastal\u0131\u011fa &quot;Kar k&uuml;f&uuml; (Snow mould)&quot; de denmektedir (Pycraft, 1980).<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131k, ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil;ta bitki &uuml;zerinde ve yapraklarda pamuksu bir olu\u015fumla ba\u015flar, sonra sar\u0131ms\u0131 ve kahverengi lekelere d&ouml;ner ve gittik&ccedil;e 3-20 cm &ccedil;ap\u0131nda daireler olu\u015fturarak yay\u0131l\u0131r. Nemli havalarda mantar (fungus) etkisini artt\u0131rarak ke&ccedil;ele\u015fmi\u015f beyaz ya da soluk pembe renge b&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;r ve bitkinin k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k gruplar halinde &ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;ne neden olur. Fazla azotlu g&uuml;bre kullan\u0131m\u0131 nem ve havas\u0131zl\u0131k hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik eder.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;im bitkilerinden <strong>Poa, Lolium <\/strong>ve <strong>Festuca rubra <\/strong>hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha hassast\u0131r. Bu y&uuml;zdende, <strong>F. rubra <\/strong>i&ccedil;in k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel &ouml;nlemlere dikkat edilmelidir&Ouml;nlem &#8211; \u015eiddetli bir geli\u015fim g&ouml;steren hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 durdurmak kolay olma&shy;makla beraber, <strong>Benomyl, Thiabendazole, Thiophanatemetyl ya <\/strong>da <strong>Quintozene <\/strong>i&ccedil;erikli fungisitlerle kontrol sa\u011flanabilir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyri ve \u015fiddetine g&ouml;re, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ve kullanma oran\u0131 ve uygulama, ila&ccedil; &uuml;reten firmalar\u0131n kullan\u0131\u015f &ouml;nerilerinde belirtilen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk belirtilerinde ve hafif \u015fiddetle seyretmesi halinde, m<sup>2<\/sup> ye 6-7 gr Demir s&uuml;lfat&#39;\u0131n 2 \u0130t sudaki eriyi\u011fi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulama i&ccedil;in sonbahar en uygun mevsim olup, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n faaliyet durumuna g&ouml;re ayl\u0131k olarak tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Ayr\u0131ca, <strong>Calomel, Corrosif sublime <\/strong>(Perchloride) ve organik civa bile\u015fik&shy;leri gibi fungusitlerle, &ccedil;ok daha ucuz ve basit Mala\u015fit ye\u015fili ve Bordo kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 boyalar da etkili maddeler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r (Dawson, 1963).<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel olarak da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki &ouml;nerilere dikkat edilmelidir :<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">1) Havaland\u0131rma ve drenaj iyi ve d&uuml;zenli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">2) Yaz sonu ve sonbaharda fazla azotlu g&uuml;bre verilmemelidir.<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3) &Ccedil;imenlik temiz tutulmal\u0131 ve at\u0131klar alandan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">4) M&uuml;mk&uuml;n oldu\u011fu kadar &ccedil;imde g&ouml;lgelenmelere engel olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Ophiobulus lekesi <\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">(Ophiobulus patch; Take-all patch)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daha &ccedil;ok, spor alanlar\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;len ve &ccedil;imin saman sar\u0131s\u0131 ya da daha koyu renge b&uuml;r&uuml;nmesine yol a&ccedil;an, <strong>Ophiobulus graminis <\/strong>var. <strong>avenae&#39;n\u0131n <\/strong>sebep oldu&shy;\u011fu bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131k daha &ccedil;ok, deniz ikliminde yaz sonu ve sonbaharda &ccedil;\u0131kar. Topra&shy;\u011f\u0131n nemlili\u011fi ve baz ortam\u0131 hastal\u0131k i&ccedil;in uygun ortamlard\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Agrostis <\/strong>t&uuml;rleri hastal\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131; <strong>Festuca <\/strong>t&uuml;rleri, <strong>Poa pratensis, <\/strong>Lolium <strong>perenne <\/strong>daha diren&ccedil;lidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;\u0130lkbaharda Amonyum s&uuml;lfat g&uuml;bresi verilir ve sonbaharda top&shy;rak kire&ccedil;lenirse &ouml;nlem i&ccedil;in en uygun i\u015flem yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Hasta&shy;l\u0131k ilerlemi\u015fse, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kontrol g&uuml;&ccedil;l&uuml;\u011f&uuml; vard\u0131r. Bu durumlar&shy;da, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k lekelerin g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; yerlerdeki &ccedil;imler kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ye&shy;niden &ccedil;im yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k alan\u0131 b&uuml;y&uuml;kse, cival\u0131 fungisitler uy&shy;gulan\u0131r ve gene, bu yerlerin &ccedil;imleri Amonyum s&uuml;lfatl\u0131 g&uuml;bre verilerek ortam\u0131n hafif asitli olmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Her 100 m<sup>2<\/sup> alan i&ccedil;in, 1 kg etkili madde yeterli olabilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Sclerotinia bene\u011fi (Dollar spot)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sclerotinia homeocarpa <\/strong>n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk d&ouml;nemleri <strong>Cor-<\/strong>ticium ile kan\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanan &ccedil;imde 3-5 cm &ccedil;ap\u0131nda saman renkli soluk benekler belirir; sonra bu benekler gayri muntazam bir leke grubu olu\u015fturur. Ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil;taki yuvarl\u0131k lekeleri Amerikal\u0131lar madeni g&uuml;m&uuml;\u015f dolara benzetti\u011fi i&ccedil;in hastal\u0131\u011fa &quot;Dolar bene\u011fi-Dollar spot&quot; da denmektedir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tan\u0131s\u0131 (te\u015fhisi) olduk&ccedil;a g&uuml;&ccedil; olup deneyim gerektirir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Festuca rubra <\/strong>(&ouml;zellikle, sahil orijinli yumaklan) hastal\u0131\u011fa &ccedil;ok duyarl\u0131&shy;d\u0131r. <strong>Agrostis, Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensislerde <\/strong>de hastal\u0131k etkin olabilmektedir. Hastal\u0131k ilkbahar ve sonbaharda s\u0131cak nemli ve so\u011fuk geceleri takibeden g&uuml;nlerde s\u0131k&ccedil;a ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; Organik ve inorganik cival\u0131 fungisitler ve &ouml;zellikle <strong>cadmium <\/strong>kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 ila&ccedil;lama (% 5 Cadmium carbonat, % 60 Folpet, % 10 Thiram) etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, <strong>Anilazine, Benomyl, Chlo-rothalonil, Fenarimol, Thriophanates <\/strong>ve <strong>Triadimefon <\/strong>i&ccedil;erik&shy;li fungisitler kullan\u0131labilir. K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel &ouml;nlem olarak da duyarl\u0131 &ccedil;im bitkileri yerine hastal\u0131\u011fa diren&ccedil;li k&uuml;ltivarlan se&ccedil;ilmelidir. Azot&shy;lu g&uuml;brelere a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilir, alan temiz tutulur ve gerekti\u011finde derince sulan\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Mantar halkalar\u0131 (Fairy rings)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mantar halkalar\u0131, di\u011fer mantarsal dedi\u011fimiz hastal\u0131klardan farkl\u0131 olup, i&ccedil;&shy;lerinde yenebilinen ger&ccedil;ek \u015fapkal\u0131 mantarlar (champion) taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur. Olay, mantar mi&ccedil;ellerinin topraktaki organik art\u0131klar &uuml;zerinde tutunmas\u0131yla ba\u015f&shy;lar, dairesel halkalar &ccedil;izerek geli\u015fir. Halkan\u0131n &ccedil;evresinde &ccedil;imler solgun bir renk al\u0131r ya da &ouml;l&uuml;r. Halka yapan mantarlar <strong>Lycoperdon, Psalliota, Agaricus, Basi-<\/strong><strong>diomycete <\/strong>ve <strong>Marasmius <\/strong>gruplar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak &uuml;zere, 50 kadar mantar t&uuml;r&uuml; saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Dawson, 1963; Ortho, 1985).<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Mantarlar &ccedil;imler i&ccedil;in parazit konumunda de\u011fildir. Sadece, ortam\u0131 boz&shy;duklar\u0131 i&ccedil;in zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Mi&ccedil;el a\u011f\u0131 su s\u0131zd\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in bitki &ccedil;o\u011funlukla kurakl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. &Ccedil;o\u011fu kez, halkan\u0131n i&ccedil;inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki &ccedil;imler normal gele\u015fim-lerin s&uuml;rd&uuml;rebilir. Ancak, &ccedil;imenli\u011fin g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml; bozuldu\u011fu gibi, mi&ccedil;ellerin fala-iyet g&ouml;sterdi\u011fi yerler &ccedil;\u0131plaklas\u0131n &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml;, yo\u011fun mi&ccedil;el a\u011f\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n havalanmas\u0131&shy;n\u0131 ve su ge&ccedil;irgenli\u011fini engeller.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Bu olay\u0131n &ccedil;ok tipik ve b&uuml;y&uuml;k bir &ouml;rne\u011fi, K\u0131rklareli, &Uuml;sk&uuml;p \u015earaphane ot&shy;la\u011f\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;lm&uuml;\u015f ve halka 50-60 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde mi&ccedil;el &ccedil;emberi ile 7-8 m bir daire olu\u015fturdu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; Mantar mi&ccedil;ellerini yok etmek kolay de\u011fildir. Mekanik yolla s&ouml;&shy;k&uuml;l&uuml;p at\u0131lamaz, yeniden &uuml;rerler. Kesin olmamakla beraber, fun-gisitlerle m&uuml;cadele daha etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil; halinde Demir s&uuml;lfat ya da &ccedil;im i&ccedil;in de zararl\u0131 olmakla beraber. Formal&shy;dehit uygulamas\u0131 olumlu sonu&ccedil; vermektedir (Dawson, 1963). Ancak Formaldehit tehlikeli bir madde oldu\u011fundan &ccedil;evre &ccedil;imle&shy;re bula\u015fmamas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Bunun yerine s&uuml;lfatl\u0131 bile&shy;\u015fikler, &ouml;rne\u011fin Demir s&uuml;lfat kullan\u0131l\u0131r. &Ccedil;im alan\u0131 suland\u0131ktan <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">sonra, 7 \u0130t suya 500 gr Demir s&uuml;lfat erii\u011fi haz\u0131rlanarak m2 ye 2-2.5 litre gelecek \u015fekilde uygulan\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Formaldehit ve di\u011ferlerinden kesin sonu&ccedil; elde etmek i&ccedil;in, mi&ccedil;ellerin faa&shy;liyet g&ouml;sterdi\u011fi yerlerdeki &ccedil;imlerin topra\u011f\u0131yla kald\u0131nl\u0131p uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu yerlerin ila&ccedil;land\u0131ktan sonra &ccedil;imle yenilenmesi gerekir. \u0130\u015flem u\u011fra\u015ftmc\u0131 ve g&uuml;&ccedil; olmakla beraber g&uuml;venli bir yoldur.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Kahverenkli leke (Brown Patch)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Y&uuml;ksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k (20&deg;-30&deg; C) ve nemin fazla oldu\u011fu yaz aylar\u0131nda (Tem&shy;muz-A\u011fustos) ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kan hastal\u0131k, &ccedil;im bitkisinin yaprak ve sap k\u0131sm\u0131nda et&shy;kinli\u011fini s&uuml;rd&uuml;rerek bitkiyi kurutur. Kuruyan k\u0131s\u0131mlar &ccedil;imenlikte geni\u015f &ccedil;apta, 1 m ve daha fazla, gayri muntazam yuvarlak&ccedil;a grimsi kahverenkli lekeler olu\u015ftu&shy;rur. Lekelerin kenarlar\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla su emer ve bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar koyu ye\u015fil bir renkle lekeyi &ccedil;evrelemi\u015f bir g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m al\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131k <strong>Agrostis, Festuca, Lolium <\/strong>ve &ouml;zellikle <strong>Cynodon dactylon <\/strong>ve di\u011fer s\u0131cak iklim bitkilerinde g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. <strong>Poa pratensis <\/strong>buna kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">-K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel olarak, a\u015f\u0131n azotlu g&uuml;breden ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131, &ccedil;im alan\u0131nda g&ouml;lge azalt\u0131lmal\u0131, &ccedil;im temiz tutulmal\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde bol ve derince sulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimyasal ila&ccedil; m&uuml;cadelesinde, <strong>Anilazine, <\/strong><strong>Benomyl, Chlorothalonil, Fenarimol, Iprodione, Thiopha-<\/strong><strong>nates, <\/strong>ve <strong>Triadimefon <\/strong>i&ccedil;erikli fungisitler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Pas (Rust)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ad\u0131na uygun olarak, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 &ccedil;imler pas renkli bir g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;me b&uuml;r&uuml;n&uuml;r. Hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan toz halindeki sporlar dairemsi ya da uzunlamas\u0131na yaprak ayas\u0131nda grup olu\u015fturur. &Ccedil;im alanlar\u0131ndan ziyade hastal\u0131k, tohum elde etmek amac\u0131yla yeti\u015ftirilen &ccedil;im bitkileri i&ccedil;in s&ouml;z konusu olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Nemli havalarda ve normal s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, &ccedil;imenlikte &ccedil;i\u011fle birlikte 10-12 saat i&ccedil;inde sporlar geli\u015ferek hastal\u0131k ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. &Ccedil;imin b&uuml;y&uuml;mesini duraksatan herhangi bir etken hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik eder.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Poa pratensis <\/strong>ve <strong>Lolium perenne <\/strong>ba\u015fta olmak &uuml;zere di\u011fer b&uuml;t&uuml;n &ccedil;imler az &ccedil;ok hastal\u0131ktan etkilenir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa diren&ccedil;li k&uuml;ltivarlar geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; Azotlu g&uuml;breler ve sulama ile &ccedil;im h\u0131zla b&uuml;y&uuml;t&uuml;lmeli ve her 4-5 g&uuml;nde bi&ccedil;ilmelidir. Hastal\u0131k ciddi bir durum yaratm\u0131yorsa fun-gisitlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 &ouml;nerilmez; aksi halde, <strong>Avilazine, Ma-<\/strong><strong>neb, Chlorothalonil, Cycloheximide <\/strong>ya da <strong>Triadimefon <\/strong>kul&shy;lan\u0131labilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">K&uuml;lleme &nbsp;&#8211; Mildiy&ouml; k&uuml;f&uuml; (Powdery Mildew)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yaprak ayas\u0131nda grimsi beyaz k&uuml;flenmi\u015f gibi lekelerle hastal\u0131k belirir, gittik&ccedil;e alttaki yapraklan tamamen sarar. &Ccedil;o\u011funlukla, g&ouml;lgedeki &ccedil;imlerde g&ouml;r&uuml;&shy;l&uuml;r. Di\u011fer bir neden, bitkinin hava sirk&uuml;lasyonunun yetersizli\u011fidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Cynodon dactyolon, Poa pratensis <\/strong>hastal\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Poa praten-<\/strong>sis&#39;in &#39;BIRKA&#39;, &#39;GLADE&#39; ve &#39;NUGGET k&uuml;ltivarlan diren&ccedil;lidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; &Ccedil;imenlikte g&ouml;lgeden ka&ccedil;\u0131nmal\u0131; a\u015f\u0131n sulama ve g&uuml;breleme ya&shy;p\u0131lmamal\u0131, ortam havadar ve temiz tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimyasal m&uuml;&shy;cadele i&ccedil;in, <strong>Benomyl, Cycloheximide <\/strong>ve <strong>Triadimefon <\/strong>i&ccedil;erikli fungisitler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>-Pythium u&ccedil;u\u011fu; Pythium beyaz\u0131 (Pythium blight<\/strong><strong>) &Ccedil;&ouml;kerten<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fusarium,Phythium ve Rhizoctonia gibi mantarlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu &ccedil;&ouml;kerten hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 20&nbsp; santigrat derece oldu\u011fu ge&ccedil; ilkbahar ve yaz aylar\u0131nda meydana &ccedil;\u0131kar.Yeni yap\u0131lan &ccedil;imenliklerde &ccedil;ok g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. Hastal\u0131k 5-10 cm den 1 m &ccedil;ap geni\u015fli\u011finde, solukla\u015fm\u0131\u015f pamuk y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gibi ya da ya\u011f lekeleri bi&ccedil;iminde yay\u0131l\u0131r. Hastal\u0131kl\u0131 alanlar, &uuml;zerinde beyaz\u0131ms\u0131 mantar (fungus) olan kararm\u0131\u015f yaprak ayalar\u0131yla &ccedil;evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131k y&uuml;ksek s\u0131cak ve a\u015f\u0131n nemli havalarda &ccedil;\u0131kar ve &ccedil;o\u011fal\u0131r, kuru ha&shy;valarda duraklar.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Cynodon, Agrostis, Poa, Loliutn <\/strong>hastal\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 &ccedil;imlerdir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem &#8211; S\u0131cak havalarda fazla sulamadan ve a\u015f\u0131n g&uuml;breden ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131&shy;d\u0131r. Olas\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131, ekimler sonbaharda ve gecikmeli ola&shy;rak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.K&ouml;t&uuml; drenaj\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; <strong>Chloroneb, Etridiazole, Metalaxyl <\/strong>ya da <strong>Propamocarb<\/strong> hastal\u0131k ilk &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulanabilir.<strong> <\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Yaprak bene\u011fi (Leaf spot; Melting out)<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hastal\u0131k yapraklar boyunca, yuvarlak, yan\u0131k lekeleri g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;nde kenar&shy;lar\u0131 pembemsi siyah, ortas\u0131 kahverengimsi saman renkli benekler halinde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. <strong>Cynodon dactylon, Poa pratensis, Festuca <\/strong>hastal\u0131\u011fa en fazla yakalanan bitkilerdir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Hastal\u0131k, 10&deg; ile 20&deg;C aras\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nemli ortamda ilkbahardan sonba&shy;har ortalar\u0131na kadar faaliyetini s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;r. &Ccedil;ok k\u0131sa bi&ccedil;ilmi\u015f ve g&ouml;lge yerlerdeki &ccedil;imler daha s\u0131k ve &ouml;ncelikle hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalan\u0131rlar.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">K&uuml;lt&uuml;rel &ouml;nlem olarak, &ccedil;imenlikte g&ouml;lge yerler azalt\u0131lmal\u0131, top&shy;ra\u011f\u0131n havaland\u0131rma ve s&uuml;zerkli\u011fi d&uuml;zenli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bit&shy;kilerin bi&ccedil;me y&uuml;ksekliklerine dikkat edilmelidir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa du&shy;yarl\u0131 olmayan k&uuml;ltivarlar se&ccedil;ilmelidir; &ouml;rne\u011fin, <strong>Poa pratensis <\/strong>in &#39;DELTA&#39; &#39;KENBLUE&#39; ve &#39;PARK&#39; k&uuml;ltivarlar\u0131 &ccedil;ok duyarl\u0131 di&shy;\u011fer k&uuml;ltivarlar daha diren&ccedil;lidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Fungisit ile &ouml;nlemde <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>Anilazine, &Ccedil;aptan, Chlorothalonil,<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Cycloheximide, Iprodione <\/strong>ve <strong>Mancozeb <\/strong>i&ccedil;erikli olanlar\u0131n uy&shy;<br \/>\ngulamas\u0131 &ouml;nerilir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Yosunlar<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yosun genellikle, &ccedil;imlerin seyrek oldu\u011fu yerlerde, s\u0131\u011f topraklarda ve g&ouml;lgeliklerde g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. Yosun sporlarla &ccedil;ok kolay &uuml;reyebilmekte ve &ouml;zellikle, asitli ve fakir topraklara yerle\u015febilmektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ccedil;im alanlar\u0131nda bir&ccedil;ok yosun t&uuml;r&uuml; g&ouml;r&uuml;lmekle beraber, en &ccedil;ok rastlanan&shy;lar <strong>Ceratodon purpureus, Hypnum cupressiforme <\/strong>ve <strong>Polytrichum <\/strong>commu-<strong>ne <\/strong>d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&#8211; Mekanik yolla ya da asitlilik ve fakirlik gibi ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 de&shy;\u011fi\u015ftirerek yosunlan alandan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmakla ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunamaz&shy;sa, kimyasal yola ba\u015fvurulur. Bunun i&ccedil;in &quot;Amonyum s&uuml;lfat&quot;, &quot;Bak\u0131r s&uuml;lfat&quot;, &quot;Demir s&uuml;lfat&quot; gibi bile\u015fikler kullan\u0131labilinir. Ba&shy;k\u0131r s&uuml;lfat ya da 3-4 kg Amonyum s&uuml;lfat veya 2-3 kg Demir s&uuml;l&shy;fat 100 m<sup>2<\/sup> alan i&ccedil;in yeterli miktarlard\u0131r. Uygulamalar kuru ha&shy;valarda, gere\u011fine g&ouml;re tekrarlanarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Amonyum s&uuml;lfat, serin iklim bitkilerine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b&uuml;y&uuml;me etkisi yapabilece\u011fi i&ccedil;in, en uygun zaman olarak bahar\u0131n bitimine rastlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Alg ve Likenler<\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;imenlikte Agler koyu alanlar halinde, genellikle topra\u011f\u0131n havas\u0131z, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve a\u015f\u0131n \u0131slak yerlerinde ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. &Ccedil;ok&ccedil;a, mavimsi ye\u015fil renkte &quot;Nostoc&quot; tipine rastlan\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;nlem<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">-Algler i&ccedil;in ortalama 8-10 gr Bak\u0131r s&uuml;lfat 100 m2 alana yeterli olmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, &quot;Maneb&quot; ve &quot;Mancozeb&quot; i&ccedil;erikli ila&ccedil;lar da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Davson, 1963).<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Alg ve mantar ortak ya\u015fam\u0131 olan Liken &ccedil;imin fakir ve asitli ortamlannda &ccedil;imler aras\u0131nda ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. Kahve renkli Peltigera can\u0131na t&uuml;r&uuml; &ccedil;imenliklerde s\u0131k g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;r. &Ouml;nlem olarak, gene s&uuml;lfatl\u0131 bile\u015fikler, &ouml;rne\u011fin &quot;Demir s&uuml;lfat&quot; etkilidir. (100 m2 alan i&ccedil;in 1.5-2 kg Demir s&uuml;lfat)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Terc&uuml;me:S&uuml;reyya ALTUNI\u015eIK<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Kaynak:Purdue Univ.Lawn Disease<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><!--GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n<p class=\"gs-author-note\">Bu yaz\u0131 <strong>Z\u0131raat M\u00fchendisi S\u00fcreyya ALTUNI\u015eIK<\/strong> kategorisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&Ccedil;imlerdeki hastal\u0131klar g&ouml;zle g&ouml;r&uuml;lmesi zor, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k bakteri ve mantarsal (fungus) kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ouml;nceden tan\u0131mak g&uuml;&ccedil;t&uuml;r; ancak, tahri&shy;bat bi&ccedil;imi ile ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar ve kendini belli eder. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hastal\u0131klar genellikle, &ccedil;im alan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlama s\u0131ras\u0131nda toprak kusuru, drenaj yetersizli\u011fi ve &ouml;zellikle, sulama, g&uuml;breleme, bi&ccedil;me ve at\u0131klar\u0131n temizlenmesinde g&ouml;r&uuml;len bak\u0131m aksakl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Hastalanan &ccedil;imi, eski haline getirme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-4200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4200"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4200\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171579,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4200\/revisions\/171579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4200"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=4200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}