{"id":4451,"date":"2007-11-13T20:12:00","date_gmt":"2007-11-13T20:12:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:00:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:00:07","slug":"sulama-suyu-ihtiyaci-4451","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/sulama-suyu-ihtiyaci-4451","title":{"rendered":"SULAMA SUYU \u0130HT\u00ceYACI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>SULAMA SUYU \u0130HT&Icirc;YACI<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"sulama.asp?konuno=4#j4k1\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Bitki Su T&uuml;ketimini Etkileyen Fakt&ouml;rler<\/span><\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><a href=\"sulama.asp?konuno=4#j4k2\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Bitki Su T&uuml;ketiminin Saptanmas\u0131<\/span><\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><a href=\"sulama.asp?konuno=4#j4k3\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Etkili Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">\n\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><a href=\"sulama.asp?konuno=4#j4k4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Sulama Zaman\u0131n\u0131n Planlanmas\u0131<\/span><\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"#j4k1\" align=\"justify\">\n<a href=\"#j4k2\"><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>4.1. Bitki Su T&uuml;ketimini Etkileyen Fakt&ouml;rler<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"#j4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k2\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Sonraki Konu]<\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">itki su t&uuml;ketimini &ccedil;ok sayid? fakt&ouml;r etkilemektedir. Bunlardan &ouml;nemli olanlar\u0131 &Ccedil;izelge 4.1 de \u015fematik olarak g&ouml;sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\" bordercolor=\"#000000\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;len ya\u011f\u0131\u015f (miti)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Net sulama suyu ihtiyac\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Bitki 3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">su 4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">t&uuml;ketimi 5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">(mm\/g&uuml;n)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">-.=&bull;.-==:<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">(mm)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">6:00 AM<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">42<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">4b<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">\u011eO<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">71<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">64<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">66<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">91<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">86<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">99<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">150<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">71<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">78<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">84<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">90<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&bull;11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">45<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">48<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">51<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">48<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">51<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">53<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">71<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">7?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">53<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">53<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">S3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">66<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">61<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">65<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">91<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">80<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">84<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">99<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">150<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">70<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">77<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">83<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">87<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">42<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">48<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">59<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">47<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">56<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">59<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">55<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">65<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">77<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&laquo;1<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50 &quot;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">63<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">83<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">65<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">79<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">83<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">97<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">150<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">76<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">82<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">86<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">40<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">4i<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">44<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">46<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">49<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">46<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">43<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">52<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">58<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">73<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">30<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">51<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">54<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">57<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">60<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">64<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">50<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">59<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">62<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">66<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">69<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">74<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">86<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">93<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">64<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">72<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">81<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">94<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">150<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">67<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">70<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">75<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">78<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">84<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">98<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>iklim fakt&ouml;rleri a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan; solar radyasyon miktar\u0131 (g&uuml;ne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u015fiddeti), s\u0131cakl\u0131k, r&uuml;zgar h\u0131z\u0131 ve esme s&uuml;resi, g&uuml;ne\u015flenme s&uuml;resi (g&uuml;nd&uuml;z havan\u0131n bulutla kapl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s&uuml;re) ve g&uuml;ne\u015fin do\u011fu\u015fundan bat\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar olan g&uuml;snd&uuml;z saatleri artt\u0131k&ccedil;a, hem toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131 hem de bitki yapraklar\u0131ndan olan terleme miktar\u0131 artaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de artmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bitki civar\u0131ndaki havan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l nemi artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, buharla\u015fma ve terleme miktar\u0131 d&uuml;\u015fece\u011finden, bitki su t&uuml;ketimi azalmaktad\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n &uuml;st katmanindaki nem miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k&ccedil;a ve &ouml;zellikle doyma noktas\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131k&ccedil;a toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Toprak y&uuml;zeyinin i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da y&uuml;zeyden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinde tarla kapasitesinin alt\u0131ndaki nem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131 yok denecek kadar az olmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda, sulamadan hemen sonra toprak y&uuml;zeyi \u0131slak olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131 y&uuml;ksek olmakta ve zamanla bu de\u011fer azalmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131, toprak y&uuml;zeyinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n islatildi\u011fi damla sulama y&ouml;ntemlerine oranla, toprak y&uuml;zeyinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n islatildi\u011fi y&uuml;zey ve ya\u011fmurlama sulama y&ouml;ntemlerinde daha y&uuml;ksek olmaktad\u0131r. Toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma miktar\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;ksek olmas\u0131 ko\u015fulunda do\u011fal olarak bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de artmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><span class=\"gs-wm-wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/stories\/altunisik\/image0011.jpg\" border=\"2\" alt=\"image0011\" title=\"image0011\" hspace=\"10\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"400\" height=\"174\" align=\"left\" \/><i class=\"gs-wm-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinde devaml\u0131 olarak bitki su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 I kar\u015f\u0131layacak d&uuml;zeyde nem bulundurulmas\u0131, bitki geli\u015fmesini olumlu l.y&ouml;nde etkiler. Bitki geli\u015ftik&ccedil;e yapraklardan olan terleme miktar\u0131 I da artmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, bitki geli\u015ftik&ccedil;e toprak y&uuml;zeyinde ^fl&ouml;lgelenme oran\u0131 artaca\u011f\u0131ndan, toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fma Hniktan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. Bu nedenle, bitki b&uuml;y&uuml;me mevsimi boyunca, geli\u015fmenin ilk devrelerinde toprak y&uuml;zeyinden olan buharla\u015fman\u0131n bitki su t&uuml;ketimi i&ccedil;erisindeki pay\u0131, bitki yapraklar\u0131ndan olan terlemeye oranla genellikle daha fazlad\u0131r. Bitki geli\u015ftik&ccedil;e terlemenin pay\u0131 artmakta ve maksimum bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;nde en y&uuml;ksek de\u011fere ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fulda, bitki yapraklar\u0131ndan olar. Terlemenin bitki su t&uuml;ketimi i&ccedil;erisindeki pay\u0131, genellikle toprak y&uuml;zeyindeki buharla\u015fmadan daha fazla olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Yaprak b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;\u011f&uuml; ve birim alandaki g&ouml;zenek say\u0131lar\u0131 bitkilerde &ouml;nemli d&uuml;zeyde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g&ouml;sterdi\u011finden, bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de bitki cinsine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bunun<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>oran\u0131nda bitki su t&uuml;ketimi, belirli bir bitkinin b&uuml;y&uuml;me devrelerine g&ouml;re de de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ekim yada dikimden sonraki ba\u015flang\u0131&ccedil; &ccedil;evresinde bitki su t&uuml;ketimi en az d&uuml;zeydedir. Bundan sonra Negetatif geli\u015fmeye paralel olarak bitki su t&uuml;ketimi artar ve Negatif geli\u015fmenin tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrede en y&uuml;ksek de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131r. Hasada kadar ge&ccedil;en devrede ise bitki su t&uuml;ketiminde tekrar<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>ojelirli oranda azalma meydana gelir. Ayr\u0131ca, b&uuml;y&uuml;me mevsimi uzun olan bitkilerin mevsimlik su t&uuml;ketimleri, k\u0131sa olanlara oranla daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>4.2. Bitki Su T&uuml;ketiminin Saptanmas\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"#j4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k1\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[&Ouml;nceki Konu]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k3\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Sonraki Konu]<\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Bitki su t&uuml;ketimi uygulamada ya do\u011frudan &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lmekte yada<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>iklim verilerinden yararlanarak tahmin edilmektedir. Do\u011frudan &ouml;l&ccedil;me y&ouml;ntemleri daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil; vermesine kar\u015f\u0131n hem olduk&ccedil;a pahal\u0131, hemde zaman al\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bitki su t&uuml;ketiminin do\u011frudan &ouml;I&ccedil;&uuml;lmesi ancak iklim verilerinden tahmin e\u015fitliklerinin Mtalibrasyonu ve y&ouml;resel bitki katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile uygulamada bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de\u011ferleri, yayg\u0131n olarak, iklim verilerine dayal\u0131 tahmin e\u015fitlikleri kullan\u0131larak belirlenmektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>iklim verilerinden yararlanarak bitki su t&uuml;ketiminin i&ccedil;inde kullan\u0131labilecek &ccedil;ok say\u0131da e\u015fitlik geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, birka&ccedil; iki lir fakt&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131yla<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>ojeli\u015ftirileii, &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m&uuml; kolay, ancak uzun periyotlar i&ccedil;in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil; verebilen e\u015fitliklerdir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise, bitki su t&uuml;ketimine etkili olan bir&ccedil;ok iklim fakt&ouml;r&uuml; g&ouml;z&ouml;n&uuml;ne al\u0131narak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, k\u0131sa periyotlar i&ccedil;in bile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil; veren, ancak olduk&ccedil;a karma\u015f\u0131k e\u015fitliklerdir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Uygulamada bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de\u011ferlerinin tahmin j edilmesinde yayg\u0131n olarak izlenen yol, &ouml;nce yaln\u0131zca iklim fakt&ouml;rlerinin etkili oldu\u011fu bir potansiyel bitki su t&uuml;ketimi tan\u0131mlamak ve potansiyel bi&ccedil;ki su t&uuml;ketiminin hesaplanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilecek amprik e\u015fitlikleri geli\u015ftirmektir. Sonra, potansiyel bitki su t&uuml;ketimi de\u011ferlerini, bitki cinsi ve bitki geli\u015fme devresinin fonksiyonu olan bitki katsay\u0131lar\u0131 ile d&uuml;zeltmektir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>4.3. Etkili Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"#j4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k2\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[&Ouml;nceki Konu]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Sonraki Konu]<\/span><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Bitkilerin b&uuml;y&uuml;me mevsimi boyunca ihtiya&ccedil; duyduklar\u0131n suyun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Ancak, bitkiler d&uuml;\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan yararlanamazlar. &Ccedil;&uuml;nk&uuml;, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 y&uuml;zey ak\u0131\u015fa ge&ccedil;ebilmekte, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinin alt\u0131na s\u0131zabilmektedir. Toprakta k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinde depolanan, bitkilerin yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131n bilinmesi, bitki su t&uuml;ketiminin sulama ile kar\u015f\u0131lanacak k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan &ouml;nemlidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>&Ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;len ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 25 mm den az ise, bu de\u011fer do\u011frudan etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f olarak, al\u0131nabilir. &Ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;len ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 25 mm den b&uuml;y&uuml;k oldu\u011funda etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f de\u011ferleri, &Ccedil;izelge 4.19 dan yararlanarak do\u011frudan bulunabilir. &Ccedil;izelgedeki de\u011ferler, etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 d&uuml;\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n y&uuml;zdesi cinsinden vermektedir. &Ouml;rne\u011fin; uygulanacak net sulama suyu miktar\u0131 100 mm bitki su t&uuml;ketimi 6 ram\/g&uuml;n ve d&uuml;\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f 50 mm oldu\u011funda, etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d&uuml;\u015fen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n V 84 &uuml; kadard\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, etkili ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 50 x 0.84 &#8211; 42 mm dir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>&Ccedil;izelge 4.19 Etkili Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n D&uuml;\u015fen Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fa Oran\u0131 i%)<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><strong>4.4. Sulama Zaman\u0131n\u0131n Planlanmas\u0131<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/span><a href=\"#j4\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span><a href=\"#j4k3\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">[&Ouml;nceki Konu]<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"> <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131nda ama&ccedil;, sulamaya ba\u015flanacak zaman\u0131n ve uygulanacak sulama suyu miktar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesidir. Bu i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131labilmesi i&ccedil;in tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bitki &ouml;zellikleri, \u0131slat\u0131lacak toprak derinli\u011fi, topra\u011f\u0131n kullan\u0131labilir su tutma kapasitesi, sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyi, her sulamada uygulanacak net sulama suyu miktar\u0131 ve bitki su<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>t&uuml;ketimi gibi bilgilere gerek vard\u0131r. Sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131nda temel esas,toprak nemini sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyine d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;\u011f&uuml;nde tarla kapasitesine &ccedil;\u0131karacak kadar sulama suyu uygulamakt\u0131r.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Sulama zaman\u0131, &ccedil;e\u015fitli y&ouml;ntemlere g&ouml;re planlanabilmektedir. Bunlardan eri &ccedil;ok kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131;<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>1- Fenolojik g&ouml;zlemlerle,<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>2- Toprak neminin elle kontroluyla,<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>3- Toprak neminin &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lmesi ile ve<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>4- Bitki su t&uuml;ketiminden yararlanarak H sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmasidir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Fenolojik g&ouml;zlemlerle sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131: Bu y&ouml;ntemde, bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n rengine, canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131na H bak\u0131larak sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n geldi\u011fine karar verilir. Deneyimi gerektiren ve &ccedil;ok kaba sonu&ccedil; veren bir y&ouml;ntemdir. Genellikle d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k yada a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su kullan\u0131m\u0131 s&ouml;z konusudur.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Toprak neminin elle kontrol&uuml; ile sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131: Bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinden al\u0131nan toprak &ouml;rnekleri, daha &ouml;nceki b&ouml;l&uuml;mlerde a&ccedil;\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, elle kontrol edilerek sulama ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki nem d&uuml;zeyine d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;p d&uuml;\u015fmedi\u011fi belirlenir. Sulama ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki nem d&uuml;zeyini tarla kapasitesine &ccedil;\u0131karacak kadar sulama suyu uygulan\u0131r. Bu y&ouml;ntem de deneyim; gerektiren, olduk&ccedil;a &ccedil;aba sonu&ccedil; veren, genellikle d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k yada a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s&ouml;z konusu oldu\u011fu bir y&ouml;ntemdir. Toprak neminin &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lmesi ile sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131: Sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyi gravimetrik y&ouml;ntemle, tansiyometrelerle yada n&ouml;tron y&ouml;ntemiyle &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lerek saptanmaktad\u0131r. &Ouml;ncelikle, bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinde sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyinin y&uuml;zde cinsinden ifadesi gerekmektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Daha &ouml;nce a&ccedil;\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, gravimetrik y&ouml;ntemde, bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinin her 30 cm lik katman\u0131ndan toprak burgusu ile &ouml;rnekler al\u0131narak ya\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 tart\u0131lmakta, bu &ouml;rnekler kurutma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda 105 &deg;C ta 24 saat bekletildikten scnra kuru a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 elcin edilmekte ve mevcut nem y&uuml;zde cinsinden hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. Bu &ouml;l&ccedil;meler sonucunda, bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesindeki nem &ouml;ng&ouml;r&uuml;len sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyine d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;\u011f&uuml;nde, mevcut nemi tarla kapasitesine<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>&ccedil;\u0131karacak kadar sulama suyu uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bitiki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesindeki nem de\u011feri bir g&uuml;r sonra hesaplanabilmesine kars\u0131n, olduk&ccedil;a sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil; veren bir y&ouml;ntemdir. Ancak, tarla parselinin de\u011fi\u015fik noktalar\u0131ndan siu aral\u0131klarla &ccedil;ok say\u0131da toprak &ouml;rne\u011fi al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fazla zaman ayrmak gerekmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, toprak &ouml;rneklerinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara&ccedil; ve kaplar yan\u0131nda kurutma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131na ve hassas teraziye ihtiya&ccedil; vard\u0131r. Tansiyometrelerle toprak neminin &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lebilmesi i&ccedil;in, tarla parselinin de\u011fi\u015fik noktalar\u0131nda, bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinin her 30 cm lik toprak katman\u0131na tansiyometreler yerle\u015ftirmek ve kalibrasyon e\u011frilerini. haz\u0131rlamak gerekmektedir. Kalibrasyon e\u011frisinde sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyinin y&uuml;zde de\u011ferine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen toprak rutubet gerilimi de\u011feri tansiyometreden okundu\u011funda sulamaya ba\u015flanmakta ve toprak nemini tarla kapasitesine &ccedil;\u0131karacak kadar sulama suyu uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Tansiyometreleri, toprak rutubet geriliminin 0.85 atm de\u011ferine kadar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 nem &ouml;l&ccedil;meleri yap\u0131labilmektedir. Bu nedenle, sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyinin y&uuml;ksek oldu\u011fu, s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla sulama yap\u0131lan damla gibi sulama y&ouml;ntemlerinde ba\u015far\u0131 ile uygulanabilmektedir. Bu ama&ccedil;la, genellikle elektronik tansiyometrelerden yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131nda n&ouml;tron y&ouml;ntemiyle de olduk&ccedil;a sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil;lar elde edilmektedir. Bu y&ouml;ntemde, tarla parselinin de\u011fi\u015fik noktalar\u0131nda bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesi derinli\u011finde<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>yerle\u015ftirilen metal t&uuml;plere h\u0131zl\u0131 n&ouml;tron sa&ccedil;an radyoaktif kaynak sarkitilmakta ve yava\u015flayan n&ouml;tron say\u0131s\u0131 &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lmektedir. Kalibrasyon e\u011frisinden yava\u015flayan n&ouml;tron say\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen nem de\u011feri y&uuml;zde cinsinden elde edilmektedir. Nem &ouml;l&ccedil;meleri her 3oH cm lik toprak katman\u0131nda yap\u0131lmaktadir. Bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesindeki nem, &ouml;ng&ouml;r&uuml;len d&uuml;zeye d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;\u011f&uuml;nde sulamaya ba\u015flanmaktad\u0131r. Bu y&ouml;ntemda radyoaktif madda ile &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, olduk&ccedil;a pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve arac\u0131<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k istemektedir. Ancak, olduk&ccedil;a sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu&ccedil; vermesi, kalibrasyon e\u011frisinin toprak &ouml;zellikleri ve zamana g&ouml;re pek de\u011fi\u015fmemesi, &ccedil;ok h\u0131zl\u0131 toprak nemi &ouml;l&ccedil;meleri yapilabilmesi<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>nedeniyle n&ouml;tron y&ouml;ntemi sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve gelecekte &ccedil;ok yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"resim\/dot.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"1\" \/>Bitki su t&uuml;ketiminden yararlanarak sulama zaman\u0131n\u0131n planlanmas\u0131: Bu y&ouml;ntemin esas\u0131, su dengesi modeline g&ouml;re bir su an&ccedil;osu haz\u0131rlayarak, k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesinde g&uuml;nl&uuml;k toprak nemi de\u011fi\u015fimlerini hesaplamakt\u0131r. Bu ama&ccedil;la, &ouml;nceden etkili bitki k&ouml;k derinli\u011finde tarla kapasitesi ve sulamaya ba\u015flanacak nem d&uuml;zeyinin derinlik cinsinden ifade edilmesi ve g&uuml;nl&uuml;k bitki su t&uuml;ketimi j\u011ferlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SULAMA SUYU \u0130HT&Icirc;YACI &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bitki Su T&uuml;ketimini Etkileyen Fakt&ouml;rler &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bitki Su T&uuml;ketiminin Saptanmas\u0131 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Etkili Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama Zaman\u0131n\u0131n Planlanmas\u0131 &nbsp; 4.1. Bitki Su T&uuml;ketimini Etkileyen Fakt&ouml;rler [Konu Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131] [Sonraki Konu] itki su t&uuml;ketimini &ccedil;ok sayid? fakt&ouml;r etkilemektedir. Bunlardan &ouml;nemli olanlar\u0131 &Ccedil;izelge 4.1 de \u015fematik olarak g&ouml;sterilmi\u015ftir. &Ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;len ya\u011f\u0131\u015f (miti) Net sulama suyu ihtiyac\u0131 2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-4451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sulama"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4451"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4451\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171512,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4451\/revisions\/171512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4451"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=4451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}