{"id":512,"date":"2007-02-22T22:56:00","date_gmt":"2007-02-22T22:56:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:01:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:01:56","slug":"tarlanin-sulamaya-hazirlanmasi-512","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/tarlanin-sulamaya-hazirlanmasi-512","title":{"rendered":"TARLANIN SULAMAYA HAZIRLANMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>su geli\u015f; g&uuml;zel kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa yarar yerine zarar verir. Tar\u0131msal sulaman\u0131n genel prensiplerini bilmeden yap\u0131lan sulama, araziyi tar\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz hale getirir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama yap\u0131lmadan &ouml;nce uygun sulama y&ouml;nteminin se&ccedil;ilmesi gerekir. Se&ccedil;ilen sulama sisteminin tar\u0131m arazilerine ba\u015far\u0131 ile uygulanmas\u0131 ve rand\u0131man al\u0131nabilmesi i&ccedil;in gerekli olan tarla i&ccedil;i geli\u015ftirme hizmetlerinin ba\u015far\u0131 ile uygulanarak arazinin sulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0130\u015fte bu dersimizde tarlan\u0131n sulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemlerden ve nelere dikkat etmemiz gerekti\u011finden s&ouml;z edece\u011fiz. <br \/>\n SULAMA Y&Ouml;NTEM\u0130 NED\u0130R, &Ccedil;E\u015e\u0130TLER\u0130 NELERD\u0130R? <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama Y&ouml;ntemi, sulama suyunun toprakta bitki k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesine verili\u015f bi&ccedil;imini ifade eder. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama14.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 1. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sulama i&ccedil;in sulama suyunun kirlilik, tuzluluk gibi sorunlar\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama y&ouml;ntemleri &uuml;&ccedil;e ayr\u0131l\u0131r; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 . Y&uuml;zey (Kar\u0131k ve tava) sulama y&ouml;ntemi <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Ya\u011fmurlama sulama y&ouml;ntemi <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Damla sulama ve alttan s\u0131zd\u0131rma sulama y&ouml;ntemi <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SULAMA Y&Ouml;NTEM\u0130N\u0130N TESB\u0130T\u0130NDE NELER ETK\u0130L\u0130 OLUR <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tar\u0131m arazilerinde uygulanacak sulama y&ouml;nteminin tesbitinde: <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Toprak \u015fartlar\u0131 <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Arazinin \u015fekli <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Su kayna\u011f\u0131 <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d) Yeti\u015ftirilen bitki <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e) \u0130klim durumu <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f) Drenaj durumu <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; g) Ekonomik etmenler <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; h) &Ccedil;ift&ccedil;i al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 etkili olmaktad\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TARLA \u0130&Ccedil;\u0130 GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RME H\u0130ZMETLER\u0130 NELERD\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tarla i&ccedil;i geli\u015ftirme hizmetleri, arazinin sulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 &ouml;zellikle arazi tesviyesi, gerekli g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;rse drenaj\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama15.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 2. Sulaman\u0131n tar\u0131m arazilerine ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve rand\u0131manl\u0131 uygulanabilmesi i&ccedil;in tarla i&ccedil;i hizmetlerinin iyi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ARAZ\u0130 TESV\u0130YES\u0130 NEDEN &Ouml;NEML\u0130D\u0130R<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Y&uuml;zey sulama y&ouml;ntemlerinde sulama suyu topra\u011fa, toprak y&uuml;zeyi &uuml;zerinden ak\u0131t\u0131larak verilir. Sulama suyu bitkilerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n k&ouml;k b&ouml;lgesine e\u015fit ve kay\u0131ps\u0131z olarak ayn\u0131 zamanda toprak a\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (erozyon) neden olmadan verilebilmelidir. Buda ancak toprak y&uuml;zeyinin belli bir e\u011fim derecesinde, d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bir y&uuml;zeye sahip olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;yle bir y&uuml;zeyin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da ancak arazinin tesviye edilmesiyle sa\u011flanabilir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Toprak y&uuml;zeyi d&uuml;zg&uuml;n olmayan arazilerde su &ccedil;ukur noktalarda fazla, y&uuml;ksek noktalarda daha az birikir. Y&uuml;ksek noktalar bazen hi&ccedil; su almazlar. E\u011fimi fazla olan araziler ise sulama ile toprak kayb\u0131na (erozyona) u\u011frarlar. Her iki durumda verim azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Drenaj\u0131 olmayan alanlarda &ccedil;ukur noktalarda fazla suyun toplanmas\u0131 sonucunda arazide taban suyu y&uuml;kselmesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tuzluluk sorunu ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 3. Tesviyeli arazide b&uuml;t&uuml;n bitkiler sudan e\u015fit yararlanaca\u011f\u0131ndan verim artar.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&uuml;t&uuml;n bu sorunlara yol a&ccedil;mamak i&ccedil;in tar\u0131m arazilerinin y&uuml;zeyinin d&uuml;zg&uuml;n ve uygun bir e\u011fimle sulamaya uygun hale getirilmesi yani tesviye edilmesi gerekir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ARAZ\u0130 TESV\u0130YES\u0130 NED\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama suyunun tarlan\u0131n her taraf\u0131na yeknesak uygulanabilmesi i&ccedil;in do\u011fal e\u011fimi bozmamak, toprak verimlili\u011fini azaltmamak \u015fart\u0131yla &ccedil;ukurlar\u0131 doldurmak, t&uuml;msekleri ortadan kald\u0131rmak, tar\u0131msal alet makinalar\u0131n izlerini kaybederek araziye uygun bir e\u011fim ve d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bir y&uuml;z kazand\u0131rmak i\u015fine arazi tesviyesi denir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tarlan\u0131n d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bir bi&ccedil;imde sulanabilmesi i&ccedil;in yap\u0131lan t&uuml;m d&uuml;zeltme i\u015flemleri bu tarifin i&ccedil;ine girer. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Arazinin sulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda temel ilke, d&uuml;zg&uuml;n bir y&uuml;zey elde etmek amac\u0131yla, y&uuml;ksek k\u0131s\u0131mlardaki topra\u011f\u0131n kaz\u0131larak &ccedil;ukur yerlere doldurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama17.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 4. Su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131t olmas\u0131, tesviye ile sorun olmaktan &ccedil;\u0131kar.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulu tar\u0131m, arazi tesviyesiyle ba\u015flar. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve kolay bir y&uuml;zey sulaman\u0131n yap\u0131labilmesi i&ccedil;in, sulama yap\u0131lacak alan\u0131n uygun bir meyile sahip olmas\u0131 ve bu meyilin ak\u0131\u015f uzunlu\u011fu boyunca de\u011fi\u015fmemesi gerekir. B&uuml;t&uuml;n bunlar arazi tesviyesiyle sa\u011flan\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TESV\u0130YE ED\u0130LM\u0130\u015e ARAZ\u0130DE YAPILACAK SULU TARIMIN YARARLARI NELERD\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Tesviyeli arazide su her bitkiye e\u015fit olarak uygulanaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bitkilerin hepsi sudan e\u015fit \u015fekilde yararlan\u0131r. Verim artar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Az meyilli yerlerdeki sulamalarda suyun derine s\u0131zmas\u0131 ve &ccedil;ok meyilli yerlerdeki sulamalarda y&uuml;zey ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile suyun kaybolmas\u0131 azal\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Fazla meyilli yerlerde yap\u0131lan sulamalardan do\u011fan toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131 tesviye ile ortadan kalkar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Tarlaya verilen g&uuml;breden daha fazla faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. Tarlada &ccedil;ukur ve y&uuml;ksek olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan b&uuml;t&uuml;n bitkiler verilen g&uuml;breden e\u015fit olarak yararlan\u0131rlar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Tesviyeli arazilerin her taraf\u0131 sulamadan sonra ayn\u0131 zaman da tav&#39;a gelir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla &ccedil;apa ve bak\u0131m i\u015fleri kolayla\u015f\u0131r. (Tav, toprak neminin bitkinin kolayl\u0131kla yararlanabildi\u011fi ve topra\u011f\u0131n i\u015flenebilir hale geldi\u011fi durumdur.) <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. Tesviyeli arazinin her taraf\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda tav&#39;a geldi\u011finden , ekim zaman\u0131nda olan bitki geli\u015fiminin hep bir &ouml;rnek olmas\u0131 m&uuml;mk&uuml;n olur. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7. Tesviyeli arazide sulama kolay olur, i\u015f&ccedil;ilik azal\u0131r dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sulama maliyeti d&uuml;\u015fer. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8. Su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131t oldu\u011fu yerlerde tesviye, az su ile &ccedil;ok yer sulamay\u0131 sa\u011flar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9. Sulanmayan alanlar, tesviye ile sulanabilir duruma getirilir ve verim artar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 10. Tesviye suyun alta s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131p su birikimini engelledi\u011finden, &ccedil;orakl\u0131k sorunu ortadan kalkar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TESV\u0130YEL\u0130 SINIRLAYAN ETMENLER NELERD\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 . Arazinin \u015feklinin &ccedil;ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmas\u0131 maliyeti art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131ndan, <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Toprak b&uuml;nyesinin kumlu ve &ccedil;ak\u0131ll\u0131 olmas\u0131, yahut organik madde bulunmas\u0131 suyun s\u0131zmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fundan <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Taban suyu d&uuml;zeyinin y&uuml;ksek olmas\u0131, <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Do\u011fal e\u011fimin fazla olmas\u0131, ak\u0131\u015f uzunlu\u011fu boyunca toprak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sorununun olmas\u0131, tesviyeyi s\u0131n\u0131rlayan etmenlerdir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama18.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 5. Sulama kanal ve kanaletleri temiz tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TESV\u0130YEN\u0130N DEVAMLI OLAB\u0130LMES\u0130 \u0130&Ccedil;\u0130N NELERE D\u0130KKAT ED\u0130LMEL\u0130D\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tesviye edilmi\u015f arazilerin tesviyelerinin bozulmamalar\u0131 i&ccedil;in toprak i\u015flemesine dikkat edilmelidir. Bunun i&ccedil;in topra\u011f\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 i\u015fleyen ve &ouml;l&uuml; kar\u0131k b\u0131rakmayan tar\u0131m aletleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu aletler d&ouml;ner kulakl\u0131 pulluk, graham pullu\u011fu, &ccedil;izel, r&ouml;tovat&ouml;r gibi aletlerdir. Tesviye edilmi\u015f araziler zaman zaman hafif tesviye aletleri ile yeniden d&uuml;zeltilerek tesviyenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HANG\u0130 T\u0130P ARAZ\u0130LERDE HANG\u0130 SULAMA Y&Ouml;NTEMLER\u0130 UYGULANIR<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama sistemlerinin se&ccedil;iminde arazinin tesviyeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, meyil durumu, toprak yap\u0131s\u0131 ve ekilen bitkinin &ouml;zellikleri b&uuml;y&uuml;k rol oynar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a) Tesviyeli arazilerde b&uuml;t&uuml;n sulama sistemleri uygulanabilir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 6. Sulu tar\u0131mda tar\u0131m alet ve makinalar\u0131n\u0131n bilin&ccedil;li kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 i&ccedil;in gereklidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama20.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 7. Meyilli arazilerde arazi meyline dik a&ccedil;\u0131lan kontur kar\u0131klarla sulama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b) Tesviyesiz arazilerde ya\u011fmurlama sulama uygun y&ouml;ntemdir <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c) Meyilli arazilerde ise kontur kar\u0131k sulama sistemi uygundur. Yani arazi meyline dik olarak a&ccedil;\u0131lan derin kar\u0131klarla sulama yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u011fmurlama sistemide uygulanabilir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SULU TARIMDA TOPRAK \u0130\u015eLEME NASIL OMLMALIDIR <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulu tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan arazilerde ekim n&ouml;beti (m&uuml;navebe) uygulanarak her y\u0131l ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu arazileri i\u015flerken tesviyeyi bozmamaya &ouml;zen g&ouml;sterilir. Bunun i&ccedil;in topra\u011f\u0131, tek tarafl\u0131 i\u015fleyen aletlerden d&ouml;ner kulakl\u0131 pulluk, graham pullu\u011fu gibi &ouml;l&uuml; kar\u0131k b\u0131rakmayan aletler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlarla yap\u0131lan s&uuml;r&uuml;mden sonra ikinci s&uuml;r&uuml;mde diskaro kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k tesviye bozukluklar\u0131 da giderecek alet ge&ccedil;irilerek, ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n alt katlar\u0131nda varsa sert tabakan\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b&uuml;t&uuml;n i\u015flemlerden &ouml;nce topra\u011f\u0131n kuru oldu\u011fu bir d&ouml;nemde dip kazan &ccedil;ekilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 8. D&ouml;ner kulakl\u0131kl\u0131 pulluk topra\u011f\u0131 tek tarafl\u0131 i\u015fleyen tesviyeyi bozmayan aletlerden oldu\u011fu i&ccedil;in sulu tar\u0131mda tercih edilir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TAV SUYU NED\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Baz\u0131 hallerde ekim zaman\u0131 toprakta, tohumun &ccedil;imlenip &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131na yetecek seviyede nem bulunmayabilir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu gibi durumlarda tohumu ektikten sonra sulama yap\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi, tohumu ekmeden sulama yap\u0131l\u0131p toprak ekim tav\u0131na geldi\u011fi zaman ekim yap\u0131l\u0131r ki buna Tav Suyu denir. Bu \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan sulama daha ziyade kaymak tabakas\u0131 ba\u011flayan topraklarda uygulan\u0131r. Kaymak tabakas\u0131 ba\u011flayan topraklarda ekimden sonra sulama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, toprak kaymak ba\u011flar, tohumun &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131 g&uuml;&ccedil;le\u015fir hatta &ccedil;\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile olur. B&ouml;yle yerlerde ekim &ouml;ncesi tav suyu uygulan\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama22.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 9. Teknolojik geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak art\u0131k sulamada modern sulama makinalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SULU TARIMDA KULLANILAN ALET VE EK\u0130PMANLAR NELERD\u0130R<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Lister &Ccedil;apas\u0131 (Pullu\u011fu): <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kar\u0131k sulama y&ouml;nteminin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 tarlalarda sulama kanallar\u0131n\u0131 a&ccedil;mada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca &ccedil;apa bitkilerinde ot m&uuml;cadelesinde, &ccedil;apalar\u0131 s\u0131ra aralar\u0131na g&ouml;re ayarlamada da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Border Disk (Sedde Aleti): <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tava sulama y&ouml;nteminin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 tarlalarda sulamada borderlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak seddenin geni\u015fli\u011fine g&ouml;re diskler aras\u0131ndaki mesafe ayarlanabilir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 10. Lister &ccedil;apas\u0131 &ccedil;ok ama&ccedil;l\u0131 kullan\u0131labilen bir tar\u0131m aletidir.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 11. Sedde aleti (Border disk) tava yap\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;in uygundur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Kanal Pullu\u011fu: <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B&uuml;y&uuml;k, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k olmak &uuml;zere muhtelif tipleri vard\u0131r. B&uuml;y&uuml;kleri ile daha &ccedil;ok tersiyer, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;kleri ile de tarla ba\u015f\u0131 kanallar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama25.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 12. &Ccedil;izel &ccedil;ok y&ouml;nl&uuml; ve yararl\u0131 bir sulu tar\u0131m arac\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. &Ccedil;izel Pullu\u011fu: <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tarla tesviyesini bozmadan &ccedil;izi metodu sulamada, &ccedil;izilerin a&ccedil;\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Derin s&uuml;r&uuml;m aletidir. Sert ve ge&ccedil;irimsiz tabakalar\u0131 k\u0131rarak, toprak i&ccedil;indeki su hareketinin d&uuml;zenlenmesini ve k&ouml;klerin derine inmesini sa\u011flar. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Sabsyoyler: <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Baz\u0131 iklim ve toprak \u015fartlar\u0131nda her y\u0131l s&uuml;r&uuml;l&uuml;p i\u015flenen toprak kat\u0131n\u0131n hemen alt\u0131nda 15-20 cm. ye kadar varan su ge&ccedil;irmez sert bir tabaka olu\u015fur. Bu tabaka bitki k&ouml;klerinin serbest&ccedil;e geli\u015fmesine, ya\u011fmur ve kar sular\u0131n\u0131n alt katlara s&uuml;z&uuml;lmesine engel olur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y&uuml;zey ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve erozyona neden olur. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Ccedil;izel her y\u0131l, sabsoyler 5 y\u0131lda bir kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SULAMA YAPILACAK ALANLARDA, TARLANIN SULAMAYA HAZIRLANMASINDA YAPILACAK \u0130\u015eLEMLER NELERD\u0130R:<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 . Toprak &ouml;l&uuml; kar\u0131k b\u0131rakmayan s&uuml;r&uuml;m aletleri ile s&uuml;r&uuml;lmelidir. Bunlar d&ouml;ner kulakl\u0131 pulluk ve graham pullu\u011fudur. Bu aletlerle yap\u0131lan i\u015fleme tekleme denir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Diskaro, &ccedil;izel, kazaya\u011f\u0131 gibi aletlerle ikinci i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r ki buna ikileme denir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama26.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 13. Diskaro ikilemde yararl\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Tesviye edilmi\u015f tarla zaman zaman hafif tesviye aletleri ile tesviye edilerek, tesviyenin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Ekim mibzer ile yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Ekimi yap\u0131lan bitki tah\u0131l, yonca gibi s\u0131k ekilen bitki ise ve y&uuml;zey sulama uygulanacaksa, ekimden hemen sonra, sedde aletiyle ve uygun aral\u0131klarla seddeler &ccedil;ekilmelidir. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. Seddeleri &ccedil;ekilmi\u015f araziye tavlar\u0131na uygun ak\u0131\u015f uzunlu\u011fu verilerek, kanal pullu\u011fu ile tarla i&ccedil;i kanallar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7. M\u0131s\u0131r, ay&ccedil;i&ccedil;e\u011fi, pamuk gibi s\u0131ra aras\u0131 geni\u015f bitkiler ekilmi\u015f ise, bitkiler 15-20 cm. boyland\u0131ktan sonra lister &ccedil;apas\u0131 ile hem ilk &ccedil;apas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131, hem de sulama kar\u0131klar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8. Lister &ccedil;apas\u0131 ge&ccedil;irilen arazi, kar\u0131klara uygun ak\u0131\u015f uzunlu\u011fu verilerek, kanal pullu\u011fu ile tarla i&ccedil;i sulama kanallar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.konyatarim.com\/genel\/yetistiricilik\/yaycep\/sulama\/sulama27.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"28\" height=\"30\" \/><br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Resim 14. Sulu tar\u0131m aletlerinden birisi de &quot;filot&quot;tur.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SULAMADA KULLANILAN EK\u0130PMANLAR NELERD\u0130R <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama yap\u0131lmadan &ouml;nce sulamada kullan\u0131lacak ve haz\u0131r bulundurulmas\u0131 gereken ekipmanlar \u015funlard\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Rutubet Kontrol &Ccedil;ubu\u011fu <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama suyunun i\u015fleme derinli\u011fini tespit etmek i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Sifonlar <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aliminyum ve sert plastikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u011fri borulard\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama kanallar\u0131ndan su almada ve suyu uzun tava ve kar\u0131klara vermede kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. T&uuml;pler <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bir taraf\u0131 kapakl\u0131, &ccedil;e\u015fitli &ccedil;apta sa&ccedil; veya &ccedil;inkodan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f borulard\u0131r. Suyu kar\u0131klara ve uzun tavalara vermede kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sabit yerle\u015ftirilirler. Sulama esnas\u0131nda kapaklar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131larak su verilir. Sulama bitince kapat\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. Mu\u015famba Savaklar <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kanallarda suyun &ouml;n&uuml;n&uuml; kapatmada kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u0130htiyaca g&ouml;re b&uuml;y&uuml;kl&uuml;kleri ayarlanarak a\u011fa&ccedil;lara mu\u015famba &ccedil;ak\u0131lmak suretiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. Su &Ouml;l&ccedil;me Savaklar\u0131 <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama suyunun miktar\u0131n\u0131 &ouml;l&ccedil;mede kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sabit ve ta\u015f\u0131nabilir tipleri vard\u0131r. <br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0130\u015fte t&uuml;m bu toprak ve malzeme haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, tarla sulamaya haz\u0131r demektir. Art\u0131k sulamaya ge&ccedil;ebiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>su geli\u015f; g&uuml;zel kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa yarar yerine zarar verir. Tar\u0131msal sulaman\u0131n genel prensiplerini bilmeden yap\u0131lan sulama, araziyi tar\u0131m yap\u0131lamaz hale getirir. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sulama yap\u0131lmadan &ouml;nce uygun sulama y&ouml;nteminin se&ccedil;ilmesi gerekir. Se&ccedil;ilen sulama sisteminin tar\u0131m arazilerine ba\u015far\u0131 ile uygulanmas\u0131 ve rand\u0131man al\u0131nabilmesi i&ccedil;in gerekli olan tarla i&ccedil;i geli\u015ftirme hizmetlerinin ba\u015far\u0131 ile uygulanarak arazinin sulamaya haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sulama"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=512"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172857,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/512\/revisions\/172857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=512"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}