{"id":662,"date":"2007-03-05T23:46:00","date_gmt":"2007-03-05T23:46:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:01:53","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:01:53","slug":"dis-aydinlatmada-kullanilan-aydinlatma-aygitlari-662","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/dis-aydinlatmada-kullanilan-aydinlatma-aygitlari-662","title":{"rendered":"D\u0131\u015f Ayd\u0131nlatmada Kullan\u0131lan Ayd\u0131nlatma Ayg\u0131tlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"gs-wm-wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/stories\/aydinlatma\/aydnlatma.jpg\" border=\"0\" alt=\"aydnlatma\" title=\"aydnlatma\" hspace=\"10\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" align=\"left\" \/><i class=\"gs-wm-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span>Yapma \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 (lambalar), iyi bir ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n gereklerini yaln\u0131z ba\u015flar\u0131na yerine getiremediklerinden genellikle &ccedil;\u0131plak olarak kullan\u0131lmazlar, hatta kimileri kullan\u0131lamaz. &Ouml;zellikle &ccedil;evreye y&uuml;ksek \u015fiddette \u0131\u015f\u0131k yay\u0131mlayan &ccedil;\u0131plak lambalar, kama\u015fmaya neden olduklar\u0131 gibi, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinme duyulan eylem alan\u0131na y&ouml;nlendiremedi\u011finden enerji kay\u0131plar\u0131na da neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. D\u0131\u015f &ccedil;evrelerde ise, &ccedil;evre etkenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131z kalacaklar\u0131ndan, &ccedil;ok k\u0131sa zamanda &ouml;m&uuml;rleri bitebilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, estetik a&ccedil;\u0131dan &ccedil;ok &ouml;zel mekanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, &ccedil;\u0131plak lamba tercih edilmez. Bu nedenlerle, \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 <em>&quot;<\/em><span style=\"color: #990000\">Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131<\/span><em>&quot; <\/em>ad\u0131 verilen bir ara&ccedil;la birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r(K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;kdo\u011fu, 2002).<br \/>\n &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>\nAyd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131ndan beklenilen &ouml;zellikler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralanabilir:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131, &ccedil;\u0131plak lamban\u0131n yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzaysal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, amaca uygun nitelik ve nicelikte ayd\u0131nl\u0131k elde edilmesini sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Lambadan yay\u0131mlanan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirli bir noktaya ya da alana y&ouml;nlendirilmesi ve alan &uuml;zerinde d&uuml;zg&uuml;n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i&ccedil;in, &ccedil;e\u015fitli geometrik bi&ccedil;imlerde, simetrik, asimetrik da\u011f\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Enerjinin etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan da ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d&uuml;zenleme i\u015flevi &ouml;zel bir &ouml;nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/li>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131 kama\u015fmay\u0131 &ouml;nlemelidir. Lambay\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusuna g&ouml;re g&ouml;zden gizleyerek ya da, lamban\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f do\u011frultusundaki \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddetini azaltarak veya g&ouml;r&uuml;len alan\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak, par\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131labilir. B&ouml;ylelikle, kama\u015fmaya neden olan y&uuml;ksek par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n olumsuz etkisi giderilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. G&ouml;rsel konfor a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n bu i\u015flevi son derece &ouml;nemlidir. Ayg\u0131t se&ccedil;iminde mutlaka g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/li>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131, lambay\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 ara&ccedil;lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ccedil;e\u015fitli nemli, tozlu ortamlarda ve &ouml;zellikle d\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n; lambalar\u0131, yard\u0131mc\u0131 ara&ccedil;lar\u0131 ve elektriksel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f etkilere kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu nedenle ayg\u0131tlar, bu gibi ortam ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayan\u0131kl\u0131, paslanmayan, a\u015f\u0131nmayan malzemelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bak\u0131m ve temizlik i&ccedil;in a&ccedil;\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ge&ccedil;irimsizli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/li>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 estetik de\u011ferlere sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, &ccedil;evresindeki nesnelere g&ouml;re &ouml;ncelikle g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;rler. Bundan &ouml;t&uuml;r&uuml;, ayg\u0131tlar; bi&ccedil;im, form, malzeme, detay ve di\u011fer &ouml;zellikleri a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan, i&ccedil;inde yer alaca\u011f\u0131 &ccedil;evrenin estetik de\u011ferlerine, mimari konseptine uyumlu olarak tasarlanmal\u0131 ya da se&ccedil;ilmelidir. Bir i&ccedil; mekanda, o mekan\u0131n bir par&ccedil;as\u0131, vazge&ccedil;ilmez bir &ouml;\u011fesi olan ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, kent ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131nda ilgi &ccedil;ekici birer kent mobilyas\u0131 olarak i&ccedil;inde bulundu\u011fu &ccedil;evrenin kimli\u011fini yans\u0131tacakt\u0131r. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAyd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, yukar\u0131da s\u0131ralanan &ouml;zelliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ilk yat\u0131r\u0131m, kullan\u0131m, bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m giderleri a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan da de\u011ferlendirilerek tasarlanmal\u0131 ve se&ccedil;ilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nLambadan yay\u0131mlanan \u0131\u015f\u0131k ak\u0131s\u0131, ayg\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131na &ccedil;\u0131karken belirli bir oranda yans\u0131yacak ya da, belirli oranlarda hem yans\u0131yacak hem de ge&ccedil;ecektir. I\u015f\u0131k ak\u0131s\u0131, bu yans\u0131ma ve ge&ccedil;me s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirli bir kayba u\u011frayacakt\u0131r. Ayg\u0131t\u0131n &uuml;retilmesinde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yutan malzemeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise, bu kay\u0131p &ccedil;ok daha artacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;retiminde kesinlikle \u0131\u015f\u0131k yutan malzemelerden ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131tma ve ge&ccedil;irme &ccedil;arpanlar\u0131 en b&uuml;y&uuml;k malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ayg\u0131t\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131ksal verimi a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemlidir. Ku\u015fkusuz, ayg\u0131t &uuml;retiminde kullan\u0131lan \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 ve ge&ccedil;irici malzemelerin, &ouml;ng&ouml;r&uuml;len performanslar\u0131n\u0131 olabildi\u011fince uzun zaman s&uuml;rd&uuml;rmesi de ayg\u0131t\u0131n verimindeki s&uuml;reklilik ve enerji ve i\u015fletme giderleri a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan &ouml;nemle g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;nde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r(K&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;kdo\u011fu, 2005)\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>1.<\/strong><strong> Ayd\u0131nlatma Ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAyd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131; uygulama alanlar\u0131na, fotometrik &ouml;zelliklerine, monte edilme \u015fekillerine, \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131na ve kullan\u0131lan malzemeye g&ouml;re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r (G&ouml;l,2004; IESNA,2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Uygulama alanlar\u0131na g&ouml;re ayg\u0131tlar\u0131<\/strong>; ticari, konut ve end&uuml;stri alanlar\u0131nda, acil ve ka&ccedil;\u0131\u015f yolunda ve d\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Her biri i&ccedil;in ayg\u0131tlar; \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131na, monte edilme \u015fekillerine ve kullan\u0131lan malzemeye g&ouml;re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ( IESNA,2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\na. Ticari ve konut alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131; portatif ayg\u0131tlar, lokal ayd\u0131nlatma sa\u011flayan ve mobilyaya monte edilen ayg\u0131tlar, genel ya da mimari mekan ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 sa\u011flayan ayg\u0131tlar, tiyatrolarda, televizyon st&uuml;dyolar\u0131nda ve sahne setlerinde kullan\u0131lan sahne ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 ve benzeri olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. End&uuml;stri alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131; y&uuml;ksek verimli fl&uuml;oresan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olan lineer fl&uuml;oresan ayg\u0131tlar, bir veya birden fazla fl&uuml;oresan lambadan olu\u015fan \u015ferit ayg\u0131tlar ve end&uuml;stri alanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131nda lambalar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. Acil ve ka&ccedil;\u0131\u015f yolunda kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar; acil durumlarda ortamdan g&uuml;venli bir \u015fekilde &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015f amac\u0131yla yeterli \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131tlarda de\u015farj lambalar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ka&ccedil;\u0131\u015f yolu ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, bina kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru y&ouml;nlendirmeyi ama&ccedil;lar. Bu ayg\u0131tlarda kompakt fl&uuml;oresan lambalar ve LED&#39;ler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Acil ve ka&ccedil;\u0131\u015f yolu ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 genelde ak&uuml;lerden beslenir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. D\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131; spor alanlar\u0131, cadde ve yol, yaya yollar\u0131, otopark ve garaj, g&uuml;venlik ve peyzaj ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r(IESNA,2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nDi\u011fer bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ise ayg\u0131t\u0131n &quot;<strong>\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti<\/strong>&quot; ya da &quot;<strong>\u0131\u015f\u0131k ak\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>&quot;na g&ouml;re yap\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b&ouml;l&uuml;mlerde CIE, NEMA ve IESNA taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma1ar yer almaktad\u0131r: .\n<\/p>\n<p>\na. CIE, \u0131\u015f\u0131k &uuml;retiminin alt ve &uuml;st yar\u0131 uzaya y&ouml;nlenme oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak , i&ccedil; ayd\u0131nlatma i&ccedil;in bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Her ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi i&ccedil;inde; direkt (direct), yar\u0131 direkt (semidirect), genel yay\u0131n\u0131k (general diffuse), karma (direct-indirect), yar\u0131 endirekt (semiindirect) ve endirekt (indirect) olmak &uuml;zere alt\u0131 farkl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131 tipi kullan\u0131labilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi, ayg\u0131t taraf\u0131ndan &uuml;retilen \u0131\u015f\u0131k ak\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 esas\u0131na g&ouml;re d&uuml;zenlenmi\u015ftir. &Ouml;ncelikle spor alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve projekt&ouml;r ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131k ak\u0131s\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 dar a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131dan geni\u015f a&ccedil;\u0131l\u0131ya kadar yedi tip da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mla tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society of North America) s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi, ayg\u0131t taraf\u0131ndan ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lan alan\u0131n \u015fekli esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. Yol ve alan ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (IESNA, 2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAyg\u0131tlar; monte edilme \u015fekillerine g&ouml;re zemine, dire\u011fe, duvara, yolmak &uuml;zere s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir (IESNA, 2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSpor alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan projekt&ouml;r ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i&ccedil;inde metal halide lambalar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar istenilen \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken bu ayg\u0131tlarda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmaz. \u0130&ccedil; ve d\u0131\u015f &ouml;rt&uuml;c&uuml;ler kama\u015fmay\u0131 &ouml;nlemek, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ka&ccedil;\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve g&ouml;zlemcinin konforunu artt\u0131rmak i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Spor alanlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 NEMA s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemine g&ouml;re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nCadde ve yol ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 d&uuml;zg&uuml;n yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ayd\u0131nl\u0131k olu\u015fturmak i&ccedil;in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131tlar genellikle dire\u011fin kollar\u0131 &uuml;zerine ya da direk &uuml;st&uuml;ne monte edilir. De\u015farj lambalar\u0131n\u0131n hepsi cadde ve yol ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 i&ccedil;in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. &Ccedil;e\u015fitli tiplerde \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 &uuml;retmek i&ccedil;in, yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Geni\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde direkler aras\u0131nda mesafe fazlad\u0131r. Bu uygulamalarda yatay ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n minimum ve d&uuml;zg&uuml;n yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nYaya yollar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 genelde direkler &uuml;zerine monte edilirler. K\u0131sa direk &uuml;zerine monte edilen ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n (bollard), optik bile\u015fenleri genelde ayg\u0131t\u0131n &uuml;st k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Bu tip ayg\u0131tlar boylar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yaya yollar\u0131 ve di\u011fer yaya alanlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131nda uygundur. Buna ek olarak d\u0131\u015f ortamdaki rampa ve merdiven ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar da yaya yolu ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nOtopark ve garaj ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 genelde ekranl\u0131 ya da yar\u0131 ekranl\u0131d\u0131r. Direklere monte edilebilen ayg\u0131tlar simetrik ve asimetrik \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015fiddeti da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na sahiptirler. Duvara monte edilen ayg\u0131tlar, k&uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;k &ouml;l&ccedil;ekteki otoparklar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131tlarda kama\u015fma ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011fi olu\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y&uuml;ksektir. Ekranl\u0131 olan tipleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kama\u015fma ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011fi kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nG&uuml;venlik ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, bir alanda g&ouml;rsel olarak g&uuml;venli\u011fi sa\u011flamak i&ccedil;in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f d\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ayg\u0131tlar sayesinde g&ouml;rsel ya da g&uuml;venlik kameras\u0131 denetimi i&ccedil;in yeterli ayd\u0131nl\u0131k d&uuml;zeyi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Vandalizm&#39;e kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131 gereken bu ayg\u0131tlar eri\u015febilirli\u011fi zor olan yerlere monte edilmelidir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nPeyzaj alanlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131; binalar\u0131, bitkileri, su &ouml;\u011felerini ve yaya yollar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak i&ccedil;in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zemine, direklere ya da su alt\u0131na mont edilir. Su ve korozyon etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 korunmak i&ccedil;in &ouml;zel donan\u0131ma sahiptir(IESNA,2000).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nD\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak, <em>boy y&uuml;ksekli\u011fine ve tasar\u0131m ama&ccedil;lar\u0131na g&ouml;re<\/em> d&ouml;rt ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplamak m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r(Harris ve Dines, 1988). D\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatmada kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n boy y&uuml;ksekliklerine g&ouml;re sahip olduklar\u0131 &ouml;zellikler \u015f&ouml;yle s\u0131ralanabilmektedir:\n<\/p>\n<p>\na. Al&ccedil;ak seviyedeki peyzaj ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;kseklikleri genellikle 1.8 metreden azd\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ayg\u0131t\u0131n y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi 3 metreye kadar &ccedil;\u0131kabilir. Bu ayg\u0131tlarla kullan\u0131lan lambalar; akkor telli, kompakt fl&uuml;oresan, ind&uuml;ksiyon, y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 c\u0131va buharl\u0131, metal halide ya da y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 sodyum buharl\u0131 lambalar olabilir. I\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131, genelde g&ouml;z seviyesinin alt\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i&ccedil;in kama\u015fma kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir. Bak\u0131m gereksinimleri azd\u0131r. Vandalizm&#39;e maruz kalma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y&uuml;ksektir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nb. Orta y&uuml;kseklikteki peyzaj ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi 3 metre ile 4.5 metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ayg\u0131tlarla kullan\u0131lan lambalar; akkor telli, kompakt fl&uuml;oresan, ind&uuml;ksiyon, y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 civa buharl\u0131, metal halide ya da y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 sodyum buharl\u0131 olabilir. Genellikle yaya kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 &ccedil;evresinde ya da i&ccedil;inde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Vandalizm&#39;e maruz kalabilir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nc. Otopark alanlar\u0131 ve ta\u015f\u0131t yolu peyzaj ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama<u> <\/u>y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi 6 metre ile 15 metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ayg\u0131tlarla kullan\u0131lan lambalar; y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 civa buharl\u0131, metal halide ya da y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 sodyum buharl\u0131 olabilir. Cadde, otopark, rekreasyonel, ticari ve end&uuml;striyel alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmada bu t&uuml;r ayg\u0131tlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nd. Y&uuml;ksek direkli peyzaj ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama y&uuml;ksekli\u011fi 18 metre ile 30 metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ayg\u0131tlarla kullan\u0131lan lambalar; metal halide ya da y&uuml;ksek bas\u0131n&ccedil;l\u0131 sodyum buharl\u0131 olabilir. B&uuml;y&uuml;k otopark alanlar\u0131n\u0131n karayolu kav\u015faklar\u0131 ve rekreasyonel alanlar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda bu t&uuml;r ayg\u0131tlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayg\u0131t boylar\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;ksek olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131 zordur.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2. Ayd\u0131nlatma Ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 Standartlar\u0131<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&quot;BS4533-Elektrik Ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131&quot; adl\u0131 standart (British Standard 4533-Specification for Electric Luminaires) t&uuml;m ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. BS4533&#39; de ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 elektrik &ccedil;arpmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma &ouml;zelliklerine (s\u0131n\u0131f I, II, III), toza ve neme kar\u015f\u0131 koruma derecelerine (IP), ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n y&uuml;zeyini koruyan materyale g&ouml;re birtak\u0131m gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nBS 4533&#39;e g&ouml;re ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n &uuml;zerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 gereken bilgiler, volt cinsinden voltaj\u0131 maksimum ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f II ya da III&#39;&uuml;n sembol&uuml;, IP numaras\u0131, model numaras\u0131 ka&ccedil; Watt oldu\u011fu, uygulanabilece\u011fi &ouml;zel 1ambalar ile ilgili bilgi, &ouml;m&uuml;rleri ve di\u011fer ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 gereken minimum uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;steren sembollerdir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nS\u0131n\u0131f I, II ya da III elektrik &ccedil;arpmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma derecesini g&ouml;sterir. S\u0131n\u0131f I; elektrik &ccedil;arpmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumada yaln\u0131zca temel yal\u0131t\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n yeterli g&ouml;r&uuml;lmedi\u011fi, ancak bu yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 durumunda ayg\u0131t\u0131n eri\u015filebilir iletken b&ouml;l&uuml;mlerinin gerilim alt\u0131nda kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 &ouml;nleyecek bi&ccedil;imde sabit tesisat\u0131n topraklama iletkenine ba\u011flayan ek g&uuml;venlik &ouml;nleminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 belirtir. S\u0131n\u0131f II ; yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n temel yal\u0131t\u0131mla sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekstra yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemeleri ile elektrik &ccedil;arpmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lan ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 belirtir. S\u0131n\u0131f III; elektrik &ccedil;arpmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruman\u0131n &ccedil;ok d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k g&uuml;venlik gerilimi ile sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir y&uuml;ksek de\u011ferde gerilimin &uuml;retilmedi\u011fi ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 belirtir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTS 3033 EN 60529 &quot;Elektrik Donan\u0131mlar\u0131nda Koruma Dereceleri (IP Kodu)&quot; adl\u0131 standart koruma derecelerinin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. TS 3033, EN 60529: 1991 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Avrupa Standard\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131larak olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur (G&ouml;l,2004).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAyd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n toza ve neme kar\u015f\u0131 koruma dereceleri &quot;Ingress Protection&quot; (IP) sistemine g&ouml;re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &quot;IPX1X2&quot; de\u011ferleri; ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131tlar\u0131nda, kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 maddelerin yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;in uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 belirten bir kod sistemidir. Burada &quot;Xl&quot;, ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelebilecek kat\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruma s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131, &quot;X2&quot; ise ayg\u0131t\u0131n suya ve neme kar\u015f\u0131 koruma s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;sterir. &quot;4&quot; de\u011feri her iki s\u0131n\u0131f i&ccedil;inde, bir&ccedil;ok d\u0131\u015f ayd\u0131nlatma uygulamalar\u0131nda kabul edilebilir minimum standartlar\u0131 g&ouml;sterir. Bir&ccedil;ok y&uuml;ksek voltaj1\u0131 duvar ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 , &nbsp;s&uuml;tunlara monte edilen fener tipi ayg\u0131tlar ve k\u0131sa direk &uuml;st&uuml; (bollard) ayg\u0131tlar i&ccedil;in IP44, &ouml;zellikle al&uuml;minyum ya da bak\u0131rdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 i\u011fne u&ccedil;lu ve y&uuml;zeye monte edilen spot ayg\u0131tlar i&ccedil;in IP54 ya da IP55, al&uuml;minyum ya da pirin&ccedil; d&ouml;k&uuml;mden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f spot ayg\u0131tlar i&ccedil;in IP55, duvara monte edilen ayg\u0131tlar i&ccedil;in IP56, su alt\u0131 ya da zemine monte edilen g&ouml;m&uuml;l&uuml; ayg\u0131tlar i&ccedil;in IPX8 de\u011feri sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r (Raine, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Kaynak: <\/strong>DEDEO\u011eLU,\u0130.,2006&quot;Kentsel Ye\u015fil Alanlar\u0131n Gece Kullan\u0131m\u0131nda Ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n &Ouml;nemi ve Y&ouml;ntemi :G&uuml;lhane Park\u0131 &Ouml;rne\u011fi&quot; Bahce\u015fehir &Uuml;niversitesi Fenbilimleri Enstit&uuml;s&uuml; Y&uuml;ksek Lisans Tezi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yapma \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 (lambalar), iyi bir ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n gereklerini yaln\u0131z ba\u015flar\u0131na yerine getiremediklerinden genellikle &ccedil;\u0131plak olarak kullan\u0131lmazlar, hatta kimileri kullan\u0131lamaz. &Ouml;zellikle &ccedil;evreye y&uuml;ksek \u015fiddette \u0131\u015f\u0131k yay\u0131mlayan &ccedil;\u0131plak lambalar, kama\u015fmaya neden olduklar\u0131 gibi, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 gereksinme duyulan eylem alan\u0131na y&ouml;nlendiremedi\u011finden enerji kay\u0131plar\u0131na da neden olmaktad\u0131rlar. D\u0131\u015f &ccedil;evrelerde ise, &ccedil;evre etkenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131z kalacaklar\u0131ndan, &ccedil;ok k\u0131sa zamanda &ouml;m&uuml;rleri bitebilmektedir. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[406],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-peyzaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=662"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172734,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/662\/revisions\/172734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=662"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}