{"id":774,"date":"2007-03-15T22:54:00","date_gmt":"2007-03-15T22:54:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T10:01:33","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T10:01:33","slug":"istanbulun-kent-ormanciligi-acisindan-incelenmesi-774","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/istanbulun-kent-ormanciligi-acisindan-incelenmesi-774","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbulun Kent Ormanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0130ncelenmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>1. \u0130stanbul Kenti Ye\u015fil Alan Durumu<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kenti ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131 rekreasyon ama&ccedil;l\u0131 aktif olarak kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alanlar ile aktif olarak kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alanlar olmak &uuml;zere iki b&ouml;l&uuml;mde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aktif olarak kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alanlar &ccedil;ocuk oyun alanlar\u0131, park alanlar\u0131, spor alanlar\u0131 ile rekreasyon ama&ccedil;l\u0131 kamuya a&ccedil;\u0131k koru, orman, &ccedil;ay\u0131r alanlar\u0131 ve mesire alanlar\u0131 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alanlar ise dinlenme, e\u011flence ve spor yapma ama&ccedil;lar\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmayan fakat i\u015flevsel y&ouml;nden ye\u015fil alan kapsam\u0131na giren a&ccedil;\u0131k alanlard\u0131r. Bunlar da a\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlar, &ccedil;ay\u0131r, fidanl\u0131k ve ormanlar, g&ouml;rsel ye\u015fil alanlar, ref&uuml;j ve meydanlar, koru alanlar\u0131 ile koruya kat\u0131lacak alanlar ve mezarl\u0131klard\u0131r&nbsp; (Aksoy, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kenti; 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5.627.630 m<sup>2 <\/sup>aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 11.421.675 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 17.049.305 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alana sahiptir. Bu de\u011ferlere g&ouml;re kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 toplam ye\u015fil alan\u0131n %33&#39;&uuml;n&uuml; olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6.104.190 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 11.770.875 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 1.787.5065 m<sup>2 <\/sup>ye\u015fil alan mevcuttur. Bu de\u011ferlere g&ouml;re aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 toplam ye\u015fil alan\u0131n %34&#39;&uuml;n&uuml; olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r&nbsp; (Aksoy, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kentinde 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 2,3 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 4,5 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 6,8 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 2,2 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;e d&uuml;\u015ferken aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 ise 4,3 m<sup>2<\/sup>\/ki\u015fi olmu\u015ftur. Bu duruma g&ouml;re toplam ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 6,5 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;lik bir ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kentinin 1975 n&uuml;fusu 2.534.193 ki\u015fidir. 1980 say\u0131m\u0131nda 220.283 ki\u015fi artarak 2.754.476 olmu\u015ftur. Basit bir hesapla be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi&nbsp; yap\u0131lacak olursa; 9,25 m<sup>2<\/sup>\/ki\u015fi norm de\u011ferinin, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f de\u011feri &ccedil;arp\u0131m\u0131 olan 2.037.620 m<sup>2<\/sup> alan bu n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi ye\u015fil alan olarak ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Oysaki be\u015f y\u0131lda ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilen kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 419.565 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;dir. Bu de\u011fer yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken alan\u0131n %21&#39;ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r&nbsp; (Aksoy, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda, aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 6.975.880 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;ye; aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 18.701.155 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;e y&uuml;kselirken toplam ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25.677.035&nbsp; m<sup>2<\/sup> olmu\u015ftur. 1985 y\u0131l\u0131 durumuna g&ouml;re aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 artarak toplam alan\u0131n %27&#39;sini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise; aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 8.377.795 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;ye; aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 20.902.260 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;e y&uuml;kselirken; toplam ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 29.280.055 m<sup>2<\/sup> olmu\u015ftur. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131 durumuna g&ouml;re aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 artarak toplam alan\u0131n %29&#39;unu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u0130stanbul kentinde 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1,1 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 3,0 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 4,1 m<sup>2 <\/sup>ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1,3 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 3,2 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 4,5 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n1980 ile 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d&ouml;neme bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman; \u0130stanbul n&uuml;fusu 3.486.513 ki\u015fi artarak 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6.240.989 olmu\u015ftur. Basit bir hesapla be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi yap\u0131lacak olursa; 9,25 m<sup>2<\/sup>\/ki\u015fi norm de\u011ferinin be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f de\u011feri &ccedil;arp\u0131m\u0131 olan 32.250.245 m<sup>2<\/sup> alan bu n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi ye\u015fil alan olarak&nbsp; ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Oysaki be\u015f y\u0131lda ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilen aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 871.690 m<sup>2<\/sup>&#39;dir. Bu de\u011fer yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken alan\u0131n %3&#39;&uuml;n&uuml; olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (Aksoy, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kentinin 1985 n&uuml;fusu 6.240.989 ki\u015fidir. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 388.442&nbsp; ki\u015fi artarak 6.629.431 olmu\u015ftur. Basit bir hesapla be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi yap\u0131lacak olursa; 9,25&nbsp; m<sup>2<\/sup>\/ki\u015fi norm de\u011ferinin, be\u015f y\u0131l\u0131k n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f de\u011feri &ccedil;arp\u0131m\u0131 olan 3.593.090 m<sup>2<\/sup> alan bu n&uuml;fus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi ye\u015fil alan olarak ortaya &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Be\u015f y\u0131lda ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilen aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 1.401.915 m<sup>2<\/sup> olmu\u015ftur. Bu de\u011fer yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken alan\u0131n %39&#39;unu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (Aksoy, 2001).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 11.651.100 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 24.493.030 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 36.144.130 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alan mevcuttur. Bu de\u011ferlere g&ouml;re aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan miktar\u0131 toplam ye\u015fil alan\u0131n %32&#39;sini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul kentinde 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1,5 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan; 3,2 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 4,7 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 2,0 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alan, 3,5 m<sup>2<\/sup> aktif kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alan olmak &uuml;zere toplam 5,5 m<sup>2<\/sup> ye\u015fil alan d&uuml;\u015fmektedir&nbsp; (Aksoy, Ayg&uuml;n, &Ccedil;elik, &Ouml;ren, 2004).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2. \u0130stanbul Kenti Orman ve Arazi Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2.1. \u0130stanbul Kenti Ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n Durumu<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul: birbirinden &ccedil;ok farkl\u0131 bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;lerine sahip Avrupa ve Asya k\u0131talar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki &ouml;zel konumu, havas\u0131n\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n nemli ve so\u011fuk ikliminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha &ccedil;ok Akdeniz iklimi &ouml;zelliklerini de ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, toprak &ccedil;e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve uzun bir ge&ccedil;mi\u015fe sahip geleneksel arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle &ccedil;ok &ccedil;e\u015fitli do\u011fal ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130stanbul \u0130linde, do\u011fal ve potansiyel olarak 238.507 ha orman bulunmaktad\u0131r .\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul \u0130li Ormanlar\u0131nda Akdeniz tipi bitkiler &ouml;nemli bir yay\u0131l\u0131m g&ouml;stermektedir. D\u0131\u015f g&ouml;r&uuml;n&uuml;mleri ve toprak &uuml;st&uuml; k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 su kayb\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak tarzdad\u0131r ve topra\u011fa sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde oturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tip bitkiler Marmara Denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na, bo\u011fazlar\u0131n her iki yakas\u0131n\u0131 ve adalar\u0131 kaplamakta ve \u0130lin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca da yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Maki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ormanla kapl\u0131 alanlarda me\u015fe (Quercus spp.) t&uuml;rleri hakimdir ve geni\u015f bir yay\u0131l\u0131m g&ouml;stermektedir. \u0130stanbul&#39;un kuzeyinde m&uuml;nferit kay\u0131n (fagus) ormanlar\u0131na rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kestane ormanlar\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;lmektedir&nbsp; (\u0130stanbul &Ccedil;evre Durum Raporu, 2004).\n<\/p>\n<p>\nA\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131; verimli orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, erozyonun &ouml;nlenmesi, &ccedil;evre kirlili\u011finin &ouml;nlenmesi, turizm potansiyelinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, rekreasyon alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015fehirlerin d&uuml;zensiz geli\u015fmesinin &ouml;nlenmesidir (\u0130stanbul &Ccedil;evre Durum Raporu, 2004).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul ili i&ccedil;inde orman ve fundal\u0131k alanlarda ba\u015fl\u0131ca problemin erozyon olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, bu arazilerin konum itibariyle dik e\u011fimli ve dalgal\u0131 yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 ve bitki &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n yer yer tahrip edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131n korunabilmesi i&ccedil;in bu tahribata son verilmesi ve ormanlarda a&ccedil;ma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olunmas\u0131 gerekir. Di\u011fer taraftan, orman &ouml;rt&uuml;s&uuml;n&uuml;n iyile\u015ftirilmesi i&ccedil;in tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kesim ve yeniden a\u011fa&ccedil;land\u0131rma &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda toprak kayb\u0131na yol a&ccedil;\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu arada yang\u0131n, ha\u015fere ve hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu arazilerde drenaj problemi olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar \u0131slah edilmelidir (\u0130stanbul \u0130li Arazi Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Raporu, 1987)\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>2.2. Arazi Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0130stanbul Orman \u0130l M&uuml;d&uuml;rl&uuml;\u011f&uuml; envanterine g&ouml;re \u0130stanbul ili arazi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumu&nbsp; \u015f&ouml;yle belirlenmi\u015ftir.\n<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; <\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"547\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"133\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Arazi Kullan\u0131m \u015eekli<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"346\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Alt B&ouml;lgeler<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"68\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">\u0130stanbul<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">I. Alt B&ouml;lge<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">II. Alt B&ouml;lge <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">III. Alt B&ouml;lge<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">IV. Alt B&ouml;lge <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"133\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Tar\u0131m Alan\u0131<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">82 896<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3 492<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">1 782<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">11 296<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"68\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">99 466<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"133\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">&Ccedil;ay\u0131r &#8211; Mera Alan\u0131 <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">6 514<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">1 522<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">1 558<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">93<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"68\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">9 678<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"133\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Ormanl\u0131k &#8211; Fundal\u0131k -Alan\u0131 <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">121 714,1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">28 955<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">3 061<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">84 777<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"68\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">238 507,1<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"133\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Sanayi &#8211; Yerle\u015fim ve Di\u011fer Alanlar <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">63 064,9<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">34 440<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">41 100<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">35 735<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"68\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">174 339,9<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"133\" valign=\"top\">\n<p>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">Toplam Alan (Ha)<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">274 189<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">68 409<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">47 501<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">131 901<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"68\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\">\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size: 8pt\">522 000<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\n&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong><\/p>\n<p>\n3. \u0130stanbul Kent Orman\u0131\n<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n<span class=\"gs-wm-wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/stories\/park\/image064.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"image064\" title=\"image064\" hspace=\"10\" vspace=\"5\" width=\"305\" height=\"215\" align=\"left\" \/><i class=\"gs-wm-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span>\u0130stanbul &Uuml;mraniye Hekimba\u015f\u0131 Kent Orman\u0131; &Ccedil;avu\u015fba\u015f\u0131&#39;na 1 km, Beykoz&#39;a 7 km, &Uuml;sk&uuml;dar&#39;a 10 km, &Uuml;mraniye&#39;ye 5 km, &Ccedil;ekmek&ouml;y&#39;e 10 km, Levent&#39;e 10 km, Kad\u0131k&ouml;y&#39;e 13 km mesafede ve Elmal\u0131 Baraj g&ouml;l&uuml; mevkiinde 250.5 ha&#39;l\u0131k bir alanda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Toplu ula\u015f\u0131m ara&ccedil;lar\u0131 ile &Uuml;mraniye den 5-10 dakikada alana ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu niteli\u011fi nedeniyle kent i&ccedil;i orman arazisi niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Alan topo\u011frafik a&ccedil;\u0131dan engebeli bir yap\u0131 g&ouml;stermektedir, arazinin en d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;k kotu 28,45 iken en y&uuml;ksek kotu 150,10 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za &ccedil;\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Arazide e\u011fim ana belirleyicidir. Elmal\u0131 baraj g&ouml;ledi alan\u0131n kuzey ve bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir (Resim 7). Elmal\u0131 baraj\u0131 \u015fu anda i&ccedil;me suyu toplama havzas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Alan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b&uuml;y&uuml;k &ccedil;o\u011funlu\u011fu Mutlak Havza Koruma ve K\u0131sa Mesafe Koruma zonu i&ccedil;erinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Alan plantasyon y&ouml;ntemiyle olu\u015fturulmu\u015f nitelikli bir muhafaza orman\u0131d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAlan\u0131n floras\u0131; temel a\u011fa&ccedil; t&uuml;r&uuml; Sar\u0131&ccedil;am (Pinus silvestris) ve Me\u015fe (Quercus sp.)&#39;dir. Ayr\u0131ca alanda, Kestane, &Ccedil;\u0131nar, Ihlamur, F\u0131st\u0131k &ccedil;am\u0131, Akasya, Ak&ccedil;aa\u011fa&ccedil;, Sedir, Kavak, Yaban kiraz\u0131, Titrek kavak vs. gibi a\u011fa&ccedil; t&uuml;rleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAlan\u0131n faunas\u0131; Tav\u015fan, Karaca, &Ccedil;akal, Y\u0131lan, Sincap, Karatavuk, Kertenkele, Tahtal\u0131, &Uuml;veyik, Yabandomuzu, B&uuml;lb&uuml;l, Ba\u015ftankara, Ser&ccedil;e vs. bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nAlana giri\u015f, g&uuml;neyinden tan\u0131t\u0131m alan\u0131 bulunan yerden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Resim 8). Alan\u0131n giri\u015finde toplanma ve da\u011f\u0131lma alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilecek a&ccedil;\u0131kl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Giri\u015fte 900 ara&ccedil;l\u0131k bir otopark bulunmaktad\u0131r (Resim 9). Alan i&ccedil;erisinde 10 km yang\u0131n yolu mevcuttur (Resim 10). Alan i&ccedil;erisinden Fatih Sultan Mehmet K&ouml;pr&uuml;s&uuml;ne ba\u011flanan Tem otoyolu ge&ccedil;mekte olup, alan\u0131 bir &uuml;sge&ccedil;itle ba\u011flayacak \u015fekilde ikiye b&ouml;lm&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;r (Resim 11). Alana giri\u015fte kontrol noktas\u0131 ve otopark\u0131n yan\u0131nda WC bulunmaktad\u0131r. Giri\u015fin bats\u0131nda, &ccedil;im futbol sahas\u0131, g&ouml;zlem kulesi, enformasyon binas\u0131 ve &ccedil;ocuk oyun alan\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r (Resim12). Ayr\u0131ca alanda, 1 adet ya\u011fmur bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131, 2 adet g&ouml;zlem kulesi, 2 adet seyir teras\u0131, 22 adet piknik masas\u0131, 11 adet &ccedil;&ouml;p kovas\u0131 ve belirli aral\u0131klarla &ccedil;e\u015fme bulunmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nYukar\u0131da \u0130stanbul kent orman\u0131n durumunu ortaya konmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu haliyle kent orman\u0131 orman i&ccedil;i dinlenme yeri niteli\u011finde kalmaktad\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nKent orman\u0131n\u0131 yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mla, kent halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k, dinlenme ve rekreasyonel ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, ekolojik ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;rel yakla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 planlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ekolojik veriler &ccedil;er&ccedil;evesinde kullan\u0131m kapasitesi ve kullan\u0131m kararlar\u0131 ile belirlenecek y&ouml;netim modeli ile, alan s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir, kullan\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan &ccedil;e\u015fitlilik arz eden, do\u011faya sayg\u0131l\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim ve rekreasyon merkezi olacakt\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan &ouml;neri tasar\u0131m\u0131yla kent halk\u0131, hafta i&ccedil;i yo\u011fun i\u015f temposu ve \u015fehir karma\u015fas\u0131ndan ar\u0131nmak i&ccedil;in, hafta sonlar\u0131 aileleri ile vakit ge&ccedil;irebilecekleri, orman atmosferinde y&uuml;r&uuml;y&uuml;p, &ccedil;ocuklar\u0131na kent i&ccedil;inde tan\u0131yamayacaklar\u0131 a\u011fa&ccedil; ve hayvanlar\u0131 anlatabilecekleri, bisiklete binerek spor yapabilecekleri, su ile yak\u0131n temasa ge&ccedil;ip manzara e\u015fli\u011finde bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 ge&ccedil;irebilecekleri bir alan olacakt\u0131r. Bu aktiviteler ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilirken orman arazisinde, ormanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri devam edecek ve e\u011fitim alanlar\u0131nda zararl\u0131larla ekolojik m&uuml;cadele gibi teknik ormanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri tan\u0131t\u0131lacak ve b&ouml;ylece topluma orman bilinci ve k&uuml;lt&uuml;r&uuml; kazand\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bunu sa\u011flarken alana kontroll&uuml; giri\u015f &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanacak ve alan kullan\u0131m kapasitesinin &uuml;zerine &ccedil;\u0131k\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Alan\u0131n s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir olmas\u0131 i&ccedil;in kendi i&ccedil;inde ekonomik d&ouml;ng&uuml; ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirilecektir. Bunun i&ccedil;in alana getirilen &ouml;zel kullan\u0131ml\u0131 fonksiyonlar\u0131ndan ekonomik girdi sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Alan her kesimden kullan\u0131c\u0131ya hitap edecek \u015fekilde, &ccedil;e\u015fitli kullan\u0131m b&ouml;lgelerine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b&ouml;lgeler olu\u015fturulurken, havza koruma zonlar\u0131, e\u011fim, e\u015fy&uuml;kselti e\u011frileri, orman kapal\u0131l\u0131k ve nitelikli alanlar\u0131 ile hedef kullan\u0131c\u0131 kitle ve yakla\u015f\u0131k kullan\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011fu g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;ne al\u0131narak belirlenmi\u015ftir&#8230;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> Peyzaj Mimar\u0131 Murat ERMEYDAN, 2005 &quot;&nbsp;<strong>KENT ORMANLARININ PLANLANMASI \u0130STANBUL &Ouml;RNE\u011e<\/strong>\u0130&quot;Bahce\u015fehir &Uuml;niversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstit&uuml;s&uuml;&nbsp; Y&uuml;ksek Lisans Tezi,\u0130stanbul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; 1. \u0130stanbul Kenti Ye\u015fil Alan Durumu \u0130stanbul kenti ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131 rekreasyon ama&ccedil;l\u0131 aktif olarak kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alanlar ile aktif olarak kullan\u0131lmayan ye\u015fil alanlar olmak &uuml;zere iki b&ouml;l&uuml;mde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aktif olarak kullan\u0131lan ye\u015fil alanlar &ccedil;ocuk oyun alanlar\u0131, park alanlar\u0131, spor alanlar\u0131 ile rekreasyon ama&ccedil;l\u0131 kamuya a&ccedil;\u0131k koru, orman, &ccedil;ay\u0131r alanlar\u0131 ve mesire alanlar\u0131 olarak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[421],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-orman-ve-ormancilik-bilgileri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172625,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions\/172625"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=774"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}