Ocak; k\u0131\u015f budamas\u0131, bah\u00e7e hijyeni, toprak\u2013yaprak analiz plan\u0131, gen\u00e7 fidan korumas\u0131 ve ekipman bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en verimli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemdir. Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde budama s\u00fcrerken, so\u011fuk ve don riski y\u00fcksek yerlerde budama daha kontroll\u00fc ve ge\u00e7 yap\u0131lacak \u015fekilde planlan\u0131r. Depolanan meyvede kalite kayb\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ana unsur; s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013ba\u011f\u0131l nem dengesinin dalgalanmadan korunmas\u0131 ve havaland\u0131rman\u0131n do\u011fru y\u00f6netilmesidir.
G\u00fcncelleme Notu (2026): Bu i\u00e7erik, eski metin teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011frulanarak g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Dormant d\u00f6nem (dinlenme):<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n yaprak d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcnden tomurcuk uyanmas\u0131na kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem. A\u011fa\u00e7 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak:<\/strong> K\u0131r\u0131k\/hasta dallar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak, ta\u00e7 i\u00e7i havalanmay\u0131 art\u0131rmak, hastal\u0131k inokulumunu (bula\u015fma kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131) azaltmak.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Verim\u2013kaliteyi dengelemek:<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na y\u00fck\u00fc kontrol etmek, \u0131\u015f\u0131klanmay\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek, bir sonraki sezonun meyve g\u00f6zlerini desteklemek.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n K\u0131\u015f risklerini azaltmak:<\/strong> Don \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f yan\u0131\u011f\u0131 (k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcne\u015fi), kemirgen zarar\u0131, su birikmesi gibi sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almak.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda kayb\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek:<\/strong> \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcme, buru\u015fma, tat\u2013sertlik kayb\u0131 ve fizyolojik bozukluklar\u0131 azaltmak.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 1) Budama etkisi (bitki fizyolojisi):<\/strong> 2) Hijyen ve sanitasyon (hastal\u0131k y\u00f6netimi):<\/strong> 3) Depo ortam\u0131 (kay\u0131p dinami\u011fi):<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e<\/strong> solunum artar; olgunla\u015fma h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ba\u011f\u0131l nem d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e<\/strong> su kayb\u0131 artar; buru\u015fma ve p\u00f6rs\u00fcme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Dalgalanma artt\u0131k\u00e7a<\/strong> yo\u011fu\u015fma\/terleme olur; y\u00fczey \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tetikler.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Etilen birikimi<\/strong> baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde h\u0131zl\u0131 yumu\u015famay\u0131 ve sararmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Depoda hedef: h\u0131zl\u0131 dalgalanma olmadan stabil s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013BN.<\/strong> Pratik kontrol, \u201cg\u00fcn i\u00e7i fark\u201d \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Basit kontrol kural\u0131 (izleme e\u015fi\u011fi):<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse \u00b11 \u00b0C band\u0131nda<\/strong>,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ba\u011f\u0131l nem dalgalanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse \u00b13\u20135 puan<\/strong> i\u00e7inde tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rnek hesap (BN dalgalanmas\u0131):<\/strong> Not: \u00dcr\u00fcn bazl\u0131 ideal s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013BN aral\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcr\/\u00e7e\u015fit ve depo teknolojisine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Genel olarak elma\u2013armut daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve y\u00fcksek BN<\/strong>, narenciye daha \u0131l\u0131k ko\u015fullar<\/strong>, baz\u0131 hassas t\u00fcrler so\u011fuk zararlanmas\u0131na duyarl\u0131<\/strong> olur. Kesin i\u015fletme seti, \u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fc ve depo tipine g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n K\u0131\u015f budamas\u0131 plan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde budama s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir; don riski y\u00fcksek yerlerde a\u011f\u0131r budamadan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Gen\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7larda \u015fekil budamas\u0131; ya\u015fl\u0131larda seyreltme ve \u0131\u015f\u0131klanma odakl\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Ta\u00e7 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrt\u00fcnen, i\u00e7e bakan, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131k dallar \u00f6nceliklidir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Budama hijyeni<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Aletler d\u00fczenli temizlenir; \u00f6zellikle hasta dal kesimlerinden sonra dezenfeksiyon yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hasta materyal bah\u00e7ede b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz; uygun \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Bah\u00e7e sanitasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n A\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fczerinde kalm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck\/mumyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f meyveler, kurumu\u015f salk\u0131m\/dal par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f meyveler toplan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kanserli dallar i\u015faretlenir, uygun zamanda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Toprak ve drenaj kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Taban suyu y\u00fcksek alanlarda su birikmesi kontrol edilir; gerekiyorsa y\u00fczey drenaj\u0131 iyile\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n K\u0131\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r makineyle \u0131slak topra\u011fa girilmez; s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma, k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesini bozar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Gen\u00e7 fidan korumas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n G\u00f6vde g\u00fcne\u015f yan\u0131\u011f\u0131\/don \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k ise koruyucu \u00f6nlemler uygulan\u0131r (g\u00f6vde koruyucu sarg\u0131\/uygun g\u00f6lgeleme vb.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kemirgen zarar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6vde \u00e7evresi d\u00fczenlenir; mekanik koruyucular kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Sulama sistemi ve altyap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Damla sulama filtreleri, vana\u2013hat ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, bas\u0131n\u00e7 reg\u00fclat\u00f6rleri kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Don riski olan hatlarda su tahliyesi ve hasar kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Analiz ve besleme plan\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Toprak analizi i\u00e7in \u00f6rnekleme plan\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r (blok\u2013\u00e7e\u015fit\u2013ya\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Organik g\u00fcbre kullan\u0131lacaksa tamamen yanm\u0131\u015f materyal tercih edilir; uygulama miktar\u0131 ve zamanlamas\u0131 analiz ve hedefe g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n A\u011fa\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131 kay\u0131t d\u00fczeni<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Budanan a\u011fa\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan hasta dal oran\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fclen zararl\u0131\/hastal\u0131k bulgular\u0131 basit bir deftere i\u015flenir. \u0130lkbaharda te\u015fhis ve m\u00fcdahale h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n S\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013BN \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm rutini<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n G\u00fcn i\u00e7inde en az iki kez kay\u0131t; dalgalanma takip edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcreleri minimize edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Hava sirk\u00fclasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Kasa\/istif d\u00fczeni hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyecek \u015fekilde ayarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n So\u011fuk noktalar\u2013s\u0131cak cepler kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Yo\u011fu\u015fma kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Duvar\/tavan y\u00fczeylerinde terleme varsa, ani s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve yetersiz sirk\u00fclasyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00dcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinde serbest su; \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme riskini y\u00fckseltir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fck ve ay\u0131klama<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n K\u00fcf\/\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fclen kasalar ayr\u0131l\u0131r; yay\u0131l\u0131m engellenir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda hijyen (zemin, drenaj, kondens suyu y\u00f6netimi) korunur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Don riski varken a\u011f\u0131r budama:<\/strong> Kesim y\u00fczeyleri zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr, geriye kurumalar artar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Alet hijyenini ihmal:<\/strong> Hastal\u0131k bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan di\u011ferine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Islak toprakta makine trafi\u011fi:<\/strong> Toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r; k\u00f6k geli\u015fimi ve su\u2013hava dengesi bozulur.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda \u201cortalama de\u011fer\u201de aldanma:<\/strong> Ortalama iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse bile dalgalanma y\u00fcksekse kalite kayb\u0131 h\u0131zlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda kap\u0131 disiplininin gev\u015femesi:<\/strong> S\u0131cakl\u0131k s\u0131\u00e7ramalar\u0131 ve yo\u011fu\u015fma ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Bah\u00e7e:<\/strong> Haftal\u0131k turla k\u0131r\u0131k dal, kanser \u015f\u00fcphesi, kemirgen izi, su birikmesi ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r devirmesi kontrol edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depo:<\/strong> G\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013BN kayd\u0131 + haftal\u0131k kasa\/istif g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Zararl\u0131\/hastal\u0131k:<\/strong> K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k yumurta paketleri, kabuk \u00e7atlaklar\u0131, g\u00f6vde yaralar\u0131 ve dal kanserleri not edilir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Bitki koruma uygulamalar\u0131:<\/strong> B\u00f6lgesel tavsiye ve etiket bilgisi olmadan uygulama yap\u0131lmaz; re\u00e7ete\/uzman y\u00f6nlendirmesi esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n Marmara\u2013Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 gibi \u0131l\u0131man alanlarda<\/strong> budama daha erken y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir; fakat k\u0131\u015f ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle toprakta s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma riski y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da<\/strong> budama zamanlamas\u0131nda don riski belirleyicidir; a\u011f\u0131r budama \u00e7o\u011fu bah\u00e7ede daha ge\u00e7 planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Karadeniz\u2019de<\/strong> y\u00fcksek nem, dal kanseri ve mantari hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131rabilir; sanitasyon ve ta\u00e7 havaland\u0131rmas\u0131 daha kritik hale gelir.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tuzluluk ve kire\u00e7li topraklarda<\/strong> besleme plan\u0131 \u201cal\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131kla\u201d de\u011fil analizle kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r; yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00fcbreleme Ocak\u2019ta de\u011fil, sezon boyunca verim kayb\u0131 olarak geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Taban suyu y\u00fcksek bah\u00e7elerde<\/strong> k\u0131\u015f\u0131n drenaj, yaz\u0131n verim kadar \u00f6nemlidir; k\u00f6k bo\u011fulmas\u0131 uzun vadede a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131salt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 1) Ocakta budama yap\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong> 2) Budamada en kritik hedef nedir?<\/strong> 3) Budama sonras\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kesiklere macun gerekir mi?<\/strong> 4) K\u0131\u015f\u0131n bah\u00e7eye trakt\u00f6rle girilir mi?<\/strong> 5) Depoda meyve buru\u015fuyorsa ana sebep nedir?<\/strong> 6) Depoda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme art\u0131yorsa neye bak\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> 7) Ocakta g\u00fcbre verilir mi?<\/strong> 8) K\u0131\u015f ila\u00e7lamas\u0131 \u015fart m\u0131?<\/strong> Don riski haritas\u0131na g\u00f6re budama plan\u0131 haz\u0131r<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Budama aletleri temiz ve keskin; hijyen rutini belirli<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Hasta\/kuru dal ve mumyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f meyveler bah\u00e7eden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Drenaj ve su birikmesi kontrol edildi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Gen\u00e7 fidan g\u00f6vde korumalar\u0131 ve kemirgen \u00f6nlemleri kontrol edildi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sulama sistemi (filtre\u2013vana\u2013hat) bak\u0131m kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131ld\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Toprak analizi \u00f6rnekleme plan\u0131 haz\u0131r (blok\/\u00e7e\u015fit\/ya\u015f ayr\u0131m\u0131)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013BN kay\u0131t \u00e7izelgesi i\u015fletiliyor<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Depoda kap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lma s\u00fcresi ve istif hava ak\u0131m\u0131 kontrol edildi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fc kasalar ayr\u0131ld\u0131; depo hijyeni g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n TAGEM (Tar\u0131msal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve Politikalar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) \u2013 Meyvecilikte budama, bak\u0131m ve entegre m\u00fccadele teknik dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2013 Bitki Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Bitki Koruma Uygulama esaslar\u0131, entegre m\u00fccadele prensipleri<\/p>\n<\/li>\n FAO \u2013 Post-harvest handling ve so\u011fuk zincir y\u00f6netimi teknik dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u00dcniversiteler (Ziraat Fak\u00fclteleri) Meyvecilik, Bah\u00e7e Bitkileri ve Hasat Sonras\u0131 Fizyoloji ders notlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/li>\n TSE \/ So\u011fuk hava deposu i\u015fletmecili\u011fi ve hijyen uygulamalar\u0131yla ilgili teknik k\u0131lavuzlar (\u00fcr\u00fcn grubu bazl\u0131)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" K\u0131sa \u00f6zet Ocak; k\u0131\u015f budamas\u0131, bah\u00e7e hijyeni, toprak\u2013yaprak analiz plan\u0131, gen\u00e7 fidan korumas\u0131 ve ekipman bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en verimli y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemdir. Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde budama s\u00fcrerken, so\u011fuk ve don riski y\u00fcksek yerlerde budama daha kontroll\u00fc ve ge\u00e7 yap\u0131lacak \u015fekilde planlan\u0131r. Depolanan meyvede kalite kayb\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ana unsur; s\u0131cakl\u0131k\u2013ba\u011f\u0131l nem dengesinin dalgalanmadan korunmas\u0131 ve havaland\u0131rman\u0131n do\u011fru y\u00f6netilmesidir.G\u00fcncelleme Notu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":194537,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[184],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bahce-bitkileri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=883"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":194538,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/883\/revisions\/194538"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/194537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=883"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
K\u0131\u015f budamas\u0131:<\/strong> Dinlenme d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan \u015fekil, verim ve kalite budamas\u0131.
Budama hijyeni:<\/strong> Kesim y\u00fczeyleriyle hastal\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in aletlerin temizlenmesi\/dezenfeksiyonu ve hasta dal\u0131n bah\u00e7eden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.
G\u00f6z\u2013tomurcuk dengesi:<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7ta b\u0131rak\u0131lan g\u00f6z say\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u00f6k\u2013g\u00f6vde kapasitesi aras\u0131ndaki denge (a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 budama \u2192 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn; yetersiz budama \u2192 s\u0131k ta\u00e7, hastal\u0131k ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalite).
Depo y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> Depoda s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ba\u011f\u0131l nem (BN) ve gaz dengesinin (\u00f6zellikle etilen) izlenmesi; h\u0131zl\u0131 dalgalanmalar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi.<\/p>\n
\nAma\u00e7 ve uygulama alan\u0131<\/h3>\n
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\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi \/ mekanizma<\/h3>\n
Budama, a\u011fa\u00e7ta hormon dengesini ve karbonhidrat payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 budama; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn patlamas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131p meyve g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc geriye itebilir. Yetersiz budama; s\u0131k ta\u00e7 nedeniyle \u0131\u015f\u0131klanmay\u0131 ve hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek mantari\u2013bakteriyel hastal\u0131k riskini y\u00fckseltir.<\/p>\n
Kanserli\/kurumu\u015f dallar, mumyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f meyveler ve dal \u00fczerinde kalan enfekteli materyal; ilkbahar enfeksiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201chaz\u0131r kaynak\u201dt\u0131r. Ocakta yap\u0131lan temizlik, sezonun hastal\u0131k bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n
\nTasar\u0131m ve hesap mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n
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Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oynakl\u0131klar, yo\u011fu\u015fma ve kalite kayb\u0131 riskini art\u0131r\u0131r (\u00f6zellikle elma\u2013armut gibi uzun depolanan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Depoda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen BN: sabah %92, ak\u015fam %82.
Dalgalanma = 92 \u2212 82 = 10 puan<\/strong>.
Bu seviye; buru\u015fma + y\u00fczey terlemesi d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm; kap\u0131 a\u00e7-kapa disiplinini art\u0131rmak, hava sirk\u00fclasyonunu d\u00fczenlemek, nem kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve so\u011futma sisteminin defrost\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma periyotlar\u0131n\u0131 daha stabil hale getirmektir.<\/p>\n\n
\nUygulama ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
A) Bah\u00e7ede (Ocak saha i\u015fleri)<\/h4>\n
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B) Depoda (Ocak depo i\u015fleri)<\/h4>\n
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\nS\u0131k hatalar ve do\u011fru uygulama notlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
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\nBak\u0131m, izleme ve kontrol<\/h3>\n
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\nT\u00fcrkiye ko\u015fullar\u0131na pratik notlar<\/h3>\n
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\nSSS<\/h3>\n
\u0130klime ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Il\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerde yap\u0131labilir; don riski y\u00fcksek yerlerde a\u011f\u0131r budama ertelenir, sadece k\u0131r\u0131k\/hasta dal temizli\u011fi \u00f6ncelik olur.<\/p>\n
I\u015f\u0131k alan, havalanan bir ta\u00e7 ve hastal\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilecek materyalin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131. Verim\u2013kalite dengesi bu temelin \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulur.<\/p>\n
Her kesikte de\u011fil. B\u00fcy\u00fck kesikler ve hastal\u0131k bask\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcksek bah\u00e7elerde koruyucu yakla\u015f\u0131m gerekebilir; uygulama, t\u00fcr\/iklim ve hastal\u0131k riskine g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Toprak \u0131slak ve yap\u0131\u015fkansa girilmez. S\u0131k\u0131\u015fma, k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinin hava-su dengesini bozar.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funlukla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131l nem veya y\u00fcksek dalgalanma. Kap\u0131 disiplini, sirk\u00fclasyon ve nem y\u00f6netimi birlikte kontrol edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yo\u011fu\u015fma\/terleme, yetersiz hijyen, kasalar\u0131n hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kapatmas\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 dalgalanmas\u0131 ilk kontrol ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Organik materyal kullan\u0131lacaksa tamamen yanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve toprak ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu \u00f6nemlidir. Kimyasal beslemede temel y\u00f6n, analiz ve hedefe g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u015eart\u201d de\u011fildir. Zararl\u0131\/hastal\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, \u00e7e\u015fit, b\u00f6lge ve g\u00f6zlenen risk belirleyicidir. Etiket d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulama yap\u0131lmaz; yetkili uzman y\u00f6nlendirmesi esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nKontrol listesi<\/h3>\n
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\nKaynak\u00e7a \/ \u0130leri Okuma<\/h3>\n
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