{"id":9591,"date":"2009-01-05T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-05T13:33:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-10-23T09:58:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T09:58:31","slug":"iyi-bir-meyve-bahcesi-nasil-olmalidir-9591","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/iyi-bir-meyve-bahcesi-nasil-olmalidir-9591","title":{"rendered":"\u0130yi Bir Meyve Bah\u00e7esi Nas\u0131l Olmal\u0131d\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"font-size: 1em; padding: 0px; margin: 0px\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">T&uuml;rkiye meyve sebze &uuml;retiminde d&uuml;nya &ccedil;ap\u0131nda olduk&ccedil;a iyi bir noktada. T&uuml;rkiye, d&uuml;nya meyve sebze &uuml;retiminin % 3 &#8216; &uuml;n&uuml; yap\u0131yor. Buna g&ouml;re en son 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g&ouml;re &Ccedil;in, Hindistan, ABD, Brezilya, \u0130talya&#8217; n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d&uuml;nya alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131. Brezilya, \u0130talya ve T&uuml;rkiye birbirlerine &ccedil;ok yak\u0131n. Be\u015finci olan \u0130talya&#8217; n\u0131n &uuml;retimi son zamanlarda azal\u0131rken, T&uuml;rkiye&#8217; nin &uuml;retimi ise d&uuml;zensiz de olsa art\u0131yor. Bu durumda uygun planlama ve uygulamalarla &ouml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zdeki 10 y\u0131l i&ccedil;erisinde d&ouml;rd&uuml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;\u011fe, hatta belki bir sonraki d&ouml;nemde ABD&#8217; yi koltu\u011fundan ederek &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nc&uuml;l&uuml;\u011fe oturmak hayal de\u011fil.1<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Ancak bunu ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirmek i&ccedil;in mevcut d&uuml;zensiz yap\u0131y\u0131 en az\u0131ndan &uuml;retim baz\u0131nda profesyonelle\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&Uuml;retimde geli\u015fme i&ccedil;in olmazsa olmazlar\u0131n \u015funlar oldu\u011funu d&uuml;\u015f&uuml;n&uuml;yorum:<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin kolayca adapte edilebildi\u011fi,<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Standardize edildi\u011fi i&ccedil;in eksikler ve hatalar\u0131n kolayca tespit edilebildi\u011fi,<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&Uuml;retimle ilgili kararlar\u0131n ortak ak\u0131l ve bilimsel geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">S&uuml;rekli s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir geli\u015fimin ana felsefeyi te\u015fkil etti\u011fi bir &uuml;retim.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu ba\u011flamda iyi bir meyve bah&ccedil;esi \u015f&ouml;yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r 2:<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">1- Bitki Koruma &Uuml;r&uuml;nlerinin Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: Bitki koruma &uuml;r&uuml;nleri konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&Ouml;rne\u011fin organik &uuml;retim yap\u0131yorsak &quot;asla kullan\u0131lmaz&quot; ya da &quot;sadece y&ouml;netmelikte izin verilenler kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve zamanla oranlar \u015f&ouml;yle \u015f&ouml;yle azalt\u0131l\u0131r&quot; ya da konvansiyonel &uuml;retim i&ccedil;in &quot;zararl\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar izlenir, t&uuml;m &ouml;nlemlere ra\u011fmen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunam\u0131yorsa kimyasal m&uuml;cadele yap\u0131l\u0131r&quot; gibi.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">M&uuml;\u015fteri onay\u0131: Kullan\u0131lan ila&ccedil;lar, &uuml;r&uuml;nlerimizi sataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z potansiyel m&uuml;\u015fterilerin onay vermeyece\u011fi ila&ccedil;lar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130zlenebilirlik: \u0130zlenebilirlik sistemi kurulmal\u0131 ve &ccedil;iftli\u011fimizden g&ouml;nderdi\u011fimiz &uuml;r&uuml;nler bir sorun &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde geriye d&ouml;n&uuml;k izlenebilmelidir. B&ouml;ylece nerede hata yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 &ouml;\u011frenilerek d&uuml;zeltmek m&uuml;mk&uuml;n olur.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Kay\u0131t: \u0130zlenebilirlik ve s&uuml;rekli geli\u015fim i&ccedil;in ila&ccedil;lama ile ilgili kay\u0131tlar d&uuml;zenli olarak tutulmal\u0131 ve saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">EZE: Bitki koruma ile ilgili e\u015fikler belirlenmelidir (Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z: ekonomik zarar e\u015fi\u011fi, EZE). B&ouml;ylece zararl\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131 izleyebilir, hangi noktada m&uuml;dahale edece\u011fimizi tespit edebiliriz.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Depo: Bir ila&ccedil; deposu mutlaka olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu depo uluslararas\u0131 ya\u015f meyve sebze standartlar\u0131nda istenen &ouml;zelliklere sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Globalgap Standard\u0131 3)<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu depo sa\u011flam, \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimlerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131, temiz, s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz, havaland\u0131rmal\u0131 yap\u0131da olmal\u0131; i\u015fletmenin kimyasal deposu olarak kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buraya giren &ccedil;\u0131kan kimyasallar\u0131n envanteri tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Kalibrasyon: Bitki koruma &uuml;r&uuml;nleri uygulama ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n d&uuml;zenli bak\u0131m\u0131 ve kalibrasyon do\u011frulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde yap\u0131lan faaliyetlerin i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131na hi&ccedil; bir zaman emin olunamaz ve t&uuml;m &ccedil;abalar bo\u015fa gidebilir. Bu durum maalesef &ccedil;evresel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 da beraberinde getirir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">E\u011fitim: Her i\u015fletme teknik i\u015flemlerini mutlaka, en az 2 y\u0131l resmi tar\u0131m e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi g&uuml;d&uuml;m&uuml;nde y&uuml;r&uuml;tmelidir. \u0130la&ccedil; uygulayanlar bu ki\u015fiden veya bu &ouml;zelliklere sahip ba\u015fka bir uygun ki\u015fiden konuyla ilgili en az 2 g&uuml;nl&uuml;k uygulama e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fitimin anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p anla\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilmeli, bilgileri tazelemek ve yeni geli\u015fmeleri benimsemek i&ccedil;in e\u011fitimler &nbsp;tekrarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130zleme ve m&uuml;cadele: Hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lar tuzak, feromonlu cezbediciler gibi sistemlerle izlenmeli ve m&uuml;mk&uuml;n oldu\u011funca m&uuml;cadele fiziksel ve biyolojik olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131; kimyasal m&uuml;cadele son &ccedil;are olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130la&ccedil; Tavsiyesi: Kimyasal m&uuml;cadele yap\u0131lacak ise, ila&ccedil; tavsiyesi bu &ccedil;iftli\u011fin teknik sorumlusu olan en az 2 y\u0131l resmi tar\u0131m e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131, uygulamadan sonra da yap\u0131lan uygulama kaydedilmeli ve kay\u0131tlar saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece tavsiyenin do\u011frulu\u011fu, yap\u0131lan uygulaman\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu denetlenip hata varsa d&uuml;zeltilebilir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Harita: &Ccedil;iftli\u011fin, &ouml;nemli yer ve s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerini a&ccedil;\u0131klayan, &uuml;zerinde bolca i\u015faret olan renkli ve anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir haritas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tercihen bu harita A0 boyutlar\u0131nda b&uuml;y&uuml;lt&uuml;l&uuml;p herkesin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek merkezi bir yere as\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece t&uuml;m faaliyetler ve uygulamalarda tarifler yerine ger&ccedil;ek verilerle konu\u015fulabilir ve hatalar en aza iner.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Giysi: Bitki koruma &uuml;r&uuml;nleri, uygun koruma giysileri giyilerek uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r (&ouml;rne\u011fin: G&ouml;zl&uuml;k, maske, tulum, &ccedil;izme).<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">2- G&uuml;brelerin Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: G&uuml;brelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&Ouml;rne\u011fin organik &uuml;retim yap\u0131yorsak &quot;sadece y&ouml;netmelikte izin verilen g&uuml;breler kullan\u0131l\u0131r&quot; ya da konvansiyonel &uuml;retim i&ccedil;in &quot;bitki ihtiya&ccedil;lar\u0131 analizler ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla tespit edilir, bilimsel y&ouml;ntemlerle uygulamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r&quot; gibi.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Analiz ve Hesaplama: Bitkilere verilecek g&uuml;breyi tahmin etmek i&ccedil;in d&uuml;zenli toprak, yaprak, besin sol&uuml;syonu ve organik madde analizleri y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;lmeli; hesaplamalar yap\u0131larak s&uuml;rekli iyile\u015fen \u015fekilde g&uuml;breleme faaliyetleri s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Kay\u0131t: \u0130zlenebilirlik, kirlili\u011fi &ouml;nleme ve s&uuml;rekli geli\u015fim i&ccedil;in g&uuml;breleme ile ilgili kay\u0131tlar d&uuml;zenli olarak tutulmal\u0131 ve saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">G&uuml;bre Tavsiyesi: G&uuml;bre uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lacak ise, g&uuml;bre tavsiyesi bu &ccedil;iftli\u011fin teknik sorumlusu olan en az 2 y\u0131l resmi tar\u0131m e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131, uygulamadan sonra da yap\u0131lan uygulama kaydedilmeli ve kay\u0131tlar saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. B&ouml;ylece tavsiyenin do\u011frulu\u011fu, yap\u0131lan uygulaman\u0131n uygunlu\u011fu denetlenip hata varsa d&uuml;zeltilebilir. Teknik sorumlu tavsiyeyi analiz ve hesaplamalar sonucu olu\u015fturmal\u0131, konu &uuml;zerine &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">G&uuml;bre A\u011f\u0131r Metal \u0130&ccedil;eri\u011fi: Sat\u0131n al\u0131nan inorganik g&uuml;brelerin a\u011f\u0131r metal i&ccedil;erikleri (en az\u0131ndan kur\u015fun, kadmiyum ve c\u0131va) bilinmelidir. Bu ama&ccedil;la bayilerden bro\u015f&uuml;r veya g&uuml;bre &uuml;reticisinden detayl\u0131 i&ccedil;erik bilgisi istenebilir. Bu olmuyorsa g&uuml;breler analiz ettirilir. G&uuml;bre i&ccedil;erisindeki a\u011f\u0131r metal i&ccedil;eri\u011fi bitki besleme, toprak ve &ccedil;evre kirlili\u011fi a&ccedil;\u0131s\u0131ndan &ccedil;ok &ouml;nemlidir. Belli bir a\u011f\u0131r metali &ccedil;ok&ccedil;a i&ccedil;eren bir g&uuml;breden ya vazge&ccedil;ilmeli, ya da ba\u015fka marka veya yap\u0131daki g&uuml;brelerle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Depo: Bir g&uuml;bre deposu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Gerekirse ila&ccedil; ve g&uuml;bre deposu olarak tek depo kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak bu durumda ila&ccedil;lar kilitli ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz, tercihen &ccedil;elik bir dolapta saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu depo uluslararas\u0131 ya\u015f meyve sebze standartlar\u0131nda istenen &ouml;zelliklere sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r (bak\u0131n\u0131z: Globalgap Standard\u0131 3)<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">3- Kirlilik &Ouml;nleme<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: Kirlilik olu\u015fturma ve &ouml;nleme konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Analiz: Kirlenmeyi kontrol i&ccedil;in &ouml;zellikle &ccedil;evredeki su kaynaklar\u0131 d&uuml;zenli analiz edilmelidir. Su &ouml;rnekleri ISO 5667-5 veya e\u015fde\u011feri bir standarda g&ouml;re al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">4- \u0130nsan Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: &Ccedil;al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, ziyaret&ccedil;ilerin ve m&uuml;\u015fterilerin sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g&uuml;venlikleri hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Analiz: &Uuml;retilen &uuml;r&uuml;nlerde s&uuml;rekli kal\u0131nt\u0131 analizleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu analizler bir risk de\u011ferlendirme &ccedil;er&ccedil;evesinde geli\u015ftirilerek kal\u0131nt\u0131 riski en aza indirilmelidir. Analizlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 laboratuvar ISO 17025 veya e\u015fde\u011fer bir standarda akredite olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Temizlik: &Ccedil;iftlikteki &ouml;zellikle mutfak, tuvalet gibi alanlar\u0131n d&uuml;zenli temizlik ve bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131; buralar bir form ile takip ve kontrol edilmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Hijyen E\u011fitimi: T&uuml;m &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fanlar hijyen ve g\u0131da &uuml;r&uuml;nleri ile temas konusunda bir uzmandan e\u011fitim almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130lk Yard\u0131m E\u011fitimi: &Ccedil;iftlikte resmi bir kurumdan onayl\u0131, &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fan her 50 ki\u015fi i&ccedil;in en az 1 adet ilk yard\u0131m e\u011fitimli ki\u015fi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu e\u011fitim sadece ilk yard\u0131m konusunda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (ehliyet kursunda al\u0131nan e\u011fitim ge&ccedil;erli de\u011fildir) ve her 5 y\u0131lda bir yenilenmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer, &ouml;rne\u011fin yo\u011fun hasat zaman\u0131 50 ki\u015fiden fazla ki\u015fi &ccedil;iftlikte &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ise ilk yard\u0131m e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Ara&ccedil;, Alet ve Ekipman Kullan\u0131m E\u011fitimi: &Ccedil;iftlikteki karma\u015f\u0131k alet ve ekipmanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda kullan\u0131c\u0131lar e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130lk Yard\u0131m &Ccedil;antas\u0131 ve Yang\u0131n T&uuml;p&uuml;: &Ccedil;iftlikte ve i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yerde uygun durumda ve yeterli bir ilk yard\u0131m &ccedil;antas\u0131 ve yang\u0131n t&uuml;p&uuml; olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Uyar\u0131 \u0130\u015faretleri: &Ccedil;iftlikte kontroller ve i\u015flemler sonucu ihtiya&ccedil; g&ouml;r&uuml;len her yere uyar\u0131 i\u015faretleri ve bilgilendirme panolar\u0131 konulmal\u0131d\u0131r. (&Ouml;rne\u011fin bir kuyu giri\u015fi, ila&ccedil; deposu kap\u0131s\u0131, elektrik dire\u011fi vb.)<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Sa\u011fl\u0131k Kontrol&uuml;: &Ccedil;al\u0131\u015fanlar d&uuml;zenli sa\u011fl\u0131k kontrollerinden ge&ccedil;melidir. &Ouml;zellikle yap\u0131lan &ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilik faaliyetlerindeki en b&uuml;y&uuml;k sa\u011fl\u0131k riski olan tar\u0131m ila&ccedil;lar\u0131n\u0131n yine &ouml;zellikle bunlar\u0131 uygulayanlara zarar verip vermedi\u011fini &ouml;\u011frenebilmek i&ccedil;in her y\u0131l en az bir kez &quot;kolinesteraz enzim tayini&quot; yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tayin polikliniklere kan &ouml;rne\u011fi vererek bir g&uuml;nde yapt\u0131r\u0131labilen ucuz bir tahlildir. Analiz sonucu ila&ccedil;tan etkilenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu tespit edilen bireyler ila&ccedil;lamay\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131 ve tedavi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bah&ccedil;eye Giri\u015f: \u0130la&ccedil;lamadan sonra bah&ccedil;eye normal insanlar 24 saat, gebe bayanlar en az 48 saat sonra girmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">5- Enerji, Su ve Di\u011fer Do\u011fal Kaynaklar\u0131n Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: Su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek ve di\u011fer do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 mant\u0131kl\u0131 kullanarak at\u0131klar\u0131 en aza indirmek konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Enerji De\u011ferlendirme: &Ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilik faaliyetlerinde &ouml;nemli derecede enerji t&uuml;keten ara&ccedil;, alet ve cihazlar\u0131n t&uuml;ketimleri takip edilip izlenmeli ve b&ouml;ylece anormalliklerin &ouml;n&uuml;ne ge&ccedil;ilmelidir. &Ouml;rne\u011fin trakt&ouml;r&uuml;n mazotu, damlama sulama sisteminin elektrik harcamas\u0131. E\u011fer 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5 birim mazot harcad\u0131ysak ve 2008&#8242; de ayn\u0131 i\u015fleri yapm\u0131\u015f olmam\u0131za ra\u011fmen 10 birim mazot harcad\u0131ysak trakt&ouml;r&uuml;n bak\u0131m\u0131nda bir sorun olabilir ya da trakt&ouml;r art\u0131k fazla eskimi\u015f olabilir. Bu konuda enerjinin fiyat\u0131 de\u011fil, miktar\u0131 g&ouml;z &ouml;n&uuml;ne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bak\u0131m ve Kontrol: &Ccedil;iftlikteki t&uuml;m alet ve ekipmanlar\u0131n d&uuml;zenli bak\u0131m ve kontrolleri planlanmal\u0131 ve plana uygun bak\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmal\u0131, kay\u0131tlar saklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Su \u0130htiyac\u0131 Tahmin: Bitkilerin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tahmin eden sistemler kurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. &Ouml;rne\u011fin nem&ouml;l&ccedil;er, iklim istasyonu, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f &ouml;l&ccedil;er gibi aletlerden al\u0131nan bilgiler ile bitkilere hangi d&ouml;nem ne kadar su verilece\u011fi hesaplanmal\u0131; b&ouml;ylece gere\u011finden fazla ya da eksik su vermenin &ouml;n&uuml;ne ge&ccedil;ilmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Sulama Sistemi: Bah&ccedil;ede en uygun sulama sistemi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ama&ccedil;la salma sulamadan ka&ccedil;\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131; teknik olarak hangi sistem mant\u0131kl\u0131 ise (damlama, ya\u011fmurlama, mini ya\u011fmurlama, merkez eksen vb.) o uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">6- Geri D&ouml;n&uuml;\u015f&uuml;m ve Malzemelerin Yeniden Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: Geri d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015f&uuml;m ve malzemelerin yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">At\u0131k Tan\u0131mlama: &Ccedil;ift&ccedil;ilik faaliyetlerimiz sonucu t&uuml;m tar\u0131msal ve kentsel at\u0131klar tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n en iyi ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 (geri d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015f&uuml;m, yakma, hurdac\u0131ya verme vb.) planlanmal\u0131 ve uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">At\u0131k Depolama: At\u0131klar i&ccedil;in bir depolama alan\u0131, uygun &ccedil;&ouml;pler olmal\u0131 ve bunlar en uygun en &ccedil;evreci \u015fekilde bertaraf edilmelidir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">7- Do\u011fal Hayat, &Ccedil;evre Koruma ve Geli\u015ftirme<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Politika: &Ccedil;evre, do\u011fay\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir politikam\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bu politikada hedefler olmal\u0131 ve bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmaya &ccedil;al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma: &Ccedil;iftlik, &ccedil;evre duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g&ouml;re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 (en az 3 s\u0131n\u0131f); d&ouml;nemsel olarak daha &uuml;st s\u0131n\u0131fa ge&ccedil;mek hedeflenmelidir. &Ouml;rne\u011fin salma sulama yapan, at\u0131k kontrol&uuml; yapmayan, ila&ccedil;lar\u0131 ve g&uuml;brelemeyi takip etmeyen bir &ccedil;iftlik &uuml;&ccedil;&uuml;nc&uuml; s\u0131n\u0131f; bunlar konusunda hassas olan ve duyarl\u0131 uygulamalar yapan bir &ccedil;iftlik ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f; ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fler yan\u0131 s\u0131ra &ccedil;evre koruma ve do\u011fal hayat\u0131 geli\u015ftirme konusunda ilave &ccedil;abalar (&ouml;rne\u011fin &ccedil;evre &ouml;rg&uuml;tlerine &uuml;yelik, yabani hayvanlar i&ccedil;in yuvalar kurmak, su ve yem vermek vb.) sarf eden bir &ccedil;iftlik birinci s\u0131n\u0131f olabilir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Son S&ouml;z<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">\u0130\u015fte de\u011ferli dostlar. Yukar\u0131da, bir meyve bah&ccedil;esinde, bir tar\u0131m i\u015fletmesinde profesyonel anlamda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri yazd\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n bir&ccedil;o\u011fu karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudan etkileyen hususlar oldu\u011fu gibi bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve &ccedil;evre konusunda olmazsa olmazlardan olu\u015fuyor.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Belki sadece karl\u0131l\u0131k ile ilgili olanlar\u0131 al\u0131p uygulamay\u0131 se&ccedil;mek cazip gelecek. Ancak bilmeliyiz ki gelece\u011fin tar\u0131m\u0131 i&ccedil;in yukar\u0131da anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m asgari gerekliliklerdir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Yaz\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda a&ccedil;\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi daha iyi, daha verimli, daha karl\u0131 ama en &ouml;nemlisi hem kendimiz hem de &ccedil;evremiz i&ccedil;in s&uuml;rd&uuml;r&uuml;lebilir tar\u0131m yapmak istiyorsak, yukar\u0131dakilerin t&uuml;m&uuml;n&uuml; ve hatta fazlas\u0131n\u0131 uygulamam\u0131z gerekir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Bug&uuml;n yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z uygun ve do\u011fru faaliyetler; gelecekte bug&uuml;n \u015fikayet&ccedil;isi oldu\u011fumuz bir&ccedil;ok hususta ilgili iyile\u015fmeler sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Samuel Johnson&#8217; un dedi\u011fi gibi:<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&quot;Gelece\u011fi sat\u0131n alabilecek tek \u015fey, bug&uuml;nd&uuml;r.&quot;<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">En derin sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla.<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Hakan Ozan Erzincanl\u0131<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">Ziraat Y&uuml;ksek M&uuml;hendisi<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">www.tarimsal.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">1 http:\/\/www.tarimsal.com\/makaleler\/aclik_tehlikesinin_neresindeyiz.htm<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">2 Tesco Nature&acute;s Choice Scheme<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-size: small\" class=\"Apple-style-span\">3 http:\/\/www.globalgap.org\/cms\/front_content.php?idart=264<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!--GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n<p class=\"gs-author-note\">Bu yaz\u0131 <strong>Z\u0131rat Y. M\u00fchendisi Hakan Ozan Erzincanl\u0131<\/strong> kategorisinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><!--\/GS_AUTHOR_NOTE--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T&uuml;rkiye meyve sebze &uuml;retiminde d&uuml;nya &ccedil;ap\u0131nda olduk&ccedil;a iyi bir noktada. T&uuml;rkiye, d&uuml;nya meyve sebze &uuml;retiminin % 3 &#8216; &uuml;n&uuml; yap\u0131yor. Buna g&ouml;re en son 2004 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g&ouml;re &Ccedil;in, Hindistan, ABD, Brezilya, \u0130talya&#8217; n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d&uuml;nya alt\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131. Brezilya, \u0130talya ve T&uuml;rkiye birbirlerine &ccedil;ok yak\u0131n. Be\u015finci olan \u0130talya&#8217; n\u0131n &uuml;retimi son zamanlarda azal\u0131rken, T&uuml;rkiye&#8217; nin &uuml;retimi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[405],"tags":[],"fp_columnist":[],"class_list":["post-9591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9591"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":170818,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9591\/revisions\/170818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9591"},{"taxonomy":"fp_columnist","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gardensel.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fp_columnist?post=9591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}